Objective Research on and application of 3D printing technology in engineering structure construction are gradually deepening. Applying 3D printing in tunnel construction creates a new idea and approach. In the process of 3D printing construction, ensuring the co-construction effect and collaborative working performance of tunnel lining and surrounding rock is crucial to building a tunnel lining structure system. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on it. Method Through experimental simulation of the interface characteristics under different surrounding rock conditions, the bonding mechanical performance between the lining and surrounding rock is thoroughly investigated together with the influencing factors in 3D printing tunnel construction. Result & Conclusion The roughness of the surrounding rock surface significantly influences the bonding effect of 3D printed concrete lining, while the surface coating can effectively improve the bonding performance of the lining-surrounding rock