Shading devices represent a popular strategy for reducing cooling demand in buildings located in hot climates. However, a multi-objective approach is necessary to balance the effect of overheating ...prevention and adequate daylighting in buildings, especially where the activities highly depend on natural illumination. Therefore, the authors investigated the cooling Energy Use Intensity (EUI) and the Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) under seven different shading scenarios in a Brazilian reference elementary school building. The implications of fixed shading were assessed using (1) baseline case without shading; five types of fixed shading devices: (2) only overhang; (3) only sidefins; (4) box = sidefins + overhang; (5) horizontal louvres; (6) vertical louvres; and additional example of (7) automated shading with external venetian blinds. The shading scenarios were applied to classroom windows in three Brazilian cities, namely Florianópolis, Brasília and Manaus, for two different building orientations, i.e., North-South and East-West, representing a total of 42 scenarios. The results showed that applying fixed shading devices can significantly reduce cooling demand. In particular, the cooling EUI was decreased for the North-South and the East-West orientations, respectively, by a maximum of –27.2% and –16.5% in Florianópolis, –12.8% and –21.7% in Brasília and – 4.0% and –7.8% in Manaus. In Florianópolis, this effect was achieved using overhang (N-S) or horizontal louvres (E-W). However, in the case of the elementary school located in Brasília and Manaus, the best fixed shading solution (N-S orientation) in terms of the cooling EUI, namely the vertical louvres, behaved the worse in terms of the UDI. Furthermore, the effect of fixed shading devices on the cooling EUI was compared to that of automated shading. The comparison showed that the fixed shading devices were optimally designed as their application resulted only in slightly higher cooling EUI, while automated shading represents higher maintenance costs and negatively affects daylighting. Although designing shading devices is a complex subject, it is necessary to consider the building use, the expected cooling demand, and how the shading devices are related to the occupants’ well-being, productivity, and overall thermal and visual performance.
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