Deoxidation of the weld in active gas welding. IIW Doc. XII-1686-01
Kejžar, Rajko
Gas-shielded arc welding processes are becoming more and more often applied to bonding in industry. The development of welding processes in active gases, i.e., CO2, oxidizing gas mixtures, and air, ...has proved to be particularly fast and cost-effective. CO2 welding of structural steels with a solid wire (VAC type) provides high quality and productivity. It is, however, often hindered and most often rendered impossible by the wind and a draught. With self-shielding cored wires, welding can be carried out also without external shielding. The wind and the draught do not disturb welding. Porosity of the weld is prevented by a strong deoxidation of the weld metal by titanium and aluminium. Weakening of the oxygen activity in the weld prevents carbon monoxide to develop in the weld pool. A reaction of [C] + [O] --> {CO} going on in the weld pool leftwards, i.e., in the direction of weld carburization, in accordance with the equation of the establishment of a quasi-stationary equilibrium among the weld pool, the weld slag, and the arc atmosphere, is thus prevented. Cored wires, however, are also applicable to surfacing. Great prospects seem to be for gas-shielded surfacing of wear-resistant deposits. There is a great demand for cored wires manufactured from a filled tube and of the same dimensions as solid wires. They are equivalent to solid wires also in terms of their usability with welding devices (MIG/MAG). With some types, surfacing welds of high quality can be made also without external shielding. Such wires are particularly suitable for outdoor welding because the wind does not disturb surfacing. Porosity of surfacing welds is prevented by a strong deoxidation of the surfacing weld by carbon and by an increased partial pressure of carbon monoxide developed above the weld pool due to combustion of carbon at elevated temperatures (droplets).
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