Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease of bone mass loss and deterioration of the bone structure leading to increased susceptibility to fracture, generally associated with risk factors that include ...hormonal imbalance, increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
Nutritional factors and certain lifestyle reduce the risks of occurrence of osteoporosis and are part of a number of national and international prevention recommendations. Recent reports based on molecular mechanisms of dietary polyphenols have highlighted the benefits in their prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Polyphenols can protect bone health through reduction of oxidative stress because they act as antioxidants, reduction of inflammation by proinflammatory signaling, modulation of osteoblastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and osteoimmunological action.
This review reports about some important bioactive polyphenol sources and describes their action against osteoporosis based on in vitro and in vivo studies.
•Dietary polyphenols (DPs) reduce bone loss through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions.•DPs reduce oxidative stress, enhancing osteoblastogenesis and suppressing osteoclastogenesis.•DPs improve bone structure by regulation of different molecular signaling.•Fruit and vegetables rich in polyphenols may be used as an effective remedy in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
To examine the feasibility and possible effect of an 8-week exercise program on sleep quality, insomnia and psychological distress in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Twenty-four individuals ...with MS were recruited into a controlled pre-post feasibility study and divided into 2 groups: exercise (
= 13; Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): 1.0-7.5) and a related control group with no exercise (
= 11; EDSS: 1.0-7.0). The exercise group performed combined upper limb, lower limb and breathing exercises in a controlled group (2d/week, 60 min/session) for 8 weeks. Participants were administered measures to evaluate sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index, ISI), psychological distress (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure, CORE-OM) and additionally impact of fatigue (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, MFIS) after 8-weeks.
Insomnia severity measured with ISI (
(1;22)=5.95,
= 0.023,
= 0.213, 90% CI = 0.02-0.42) and psychological distress measured with the CORE-OM (
(1;22)=4.82,
= 0.039,
= 0.179, 90% CI = 0.01-0.40) showed statistically significant group-by-time interaction. Sleep quality measured with the PSQI showed statistically significant group-by-time interaction only in an aspect of daytime sleep dysfunction (
(1;22)=5.33,
= 0.031,
= 0.195, 90% CI = 0.01-0.40). The fatigue impact measured with the MFIS showed statistically significant group-by-time interaction in physical (
(1;22)=6.80,
= 0.016,
= 0.236, 90% CI = 0.02-0.44) and cognitive aspects (
(1;22)=9.12
= 0.006,
= 0.293, 90% CI = 0.05-0.49), and total score (
(1;22)=11.29,
= 0.003,
= 0.339, 90% CI = 0.08-0.52).
Our 8-week program reduced insomnia severity, psychological distress and some aspects of fatigue (physical; cognitive; total), and improved sleep quality in an aspect of daytime sleep dysfunction in a small group of individuals with MS. Good feasibility and significant positive changes from baseline warrant further exploratory work.
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM), pneumothorax (PNX) and subcutaneous emphysema are rare complications of COVID-19 pneumonia. In this paper we describe 3 cases of COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by ...SPM with or without PNX. Patient 1 was a 56-year-old woman whose medical history was significant for chronic leukemia. She presented with typical clinical signs of COVID-19 pneumonia and after 2 weeks of hospitalization she developed SPM and subcutaneous emphysema. The management of pneumomediastinum (PNM) was conservative and follow-up computed tomography showed resolution of PNM. Patient 2 was a 67-year-old man presenting with fever, cough and dyspnea. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography was performed after 2 weeks of hospitalization and showed bilateral peripheral consolidations together with massive PNM and right-sided PNX. Thoracic drainage catheter was inserted in his right chest. Despite all supportive care, the patient succumbed to illness. Patient 3 was a 74-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital with COVID-19 pneumonia and spontaneous right-sided PNX. A thoracic drainage catheter was inserted immediately and then removed after ten days which has led to progression of subcutaneous emphysema, PNX and newly diagnosed PNM. Patient was carefully monitored for the next 2 weeks. Follow-up chest x-ray showed regression of PNM and PNX. SPM, PNX and subcutaneous emphysema are rare complications of COVID-19 pneumonia. Increased alveolar pressure and diffuse alveolar injury in severe COVID-19 pneumonia may make the alveoli more prone to rupturing which leads to gas dissemination along the peribronchovascular sheath to the mediastinum. Most cases of SPM and PNX resolve with conservative management.
•Cocoa polyphenols (CPs) suppressed hepatotoxicity and inflammation in CCl4-intoxicated mice.•Cocoa extract (CE) and epicatechin (EC) improved glucose metabolism after imbalance induced by CCl4 ...intoxication.•CPs are involved in the early stage of antifibrotic and anticarcinogenic effects in the liver.•CPs affected beneficial regulation of subcellular redox state caused by CCl4 intoxication.
The therapeutic effects of cocoa polyphenols on acute carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxicated mice were investigated. After determining polyphenols profile in the cocoa extract (CE), CE at a dose of 34.5 mg/kg and epicatechin (EC) at a dose of 2.24 mg/kg were intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered to BALB/cN mice following CCl4 treatment. CE and EC post-treatments suppressed hepatotoxicity and inflammation, ameliorated serum markers of liver injury, returned blood lactate and glucose levels to normal, stimulated synthesis and storage of liver glycogen, and modulated glucose metabolism imbalance induced by CCl4. Cocoa polyphenols also exhibited early stage antifibrotic and anticarcinogenic effects. They affected beneficially the mitochondrial functionality acting on dysfunction in mitochondrial respiration caused by CCl4 and antioxidants regulation at subcellular levels.
Among available papers published on the given subject over the last century, various terms have been used as synonyms for one, now generally accepted—osteoarthritis, in some countries called “wear ...and tear” or “overload arthritis”. The opsolent terms—hypertrophic arthritis, degenerative arthritis, arthritis deformans and osteoarthrosis—sought to highlight the dominant clinical signs of this ubiquitous, polymorph disease of the whole osteochondral unit, which by incidence and prevalence represents one of the leading chronic conditions that cause long-term pain and incapacity for work. Numerous in vitro and in vivo research resulted in broadened acknowledgments about osteoarthritis pathophysiology and pathology on both histological and cellular levels. However, the cause of osteoarthritis is still unknown and is currently the subject of a hypothesis. In this paper, we provide a review of recent findings on biological phenomena taking place in bone tissue during osteoarthritis to the extent useful for clinical practice. Choosing a proper radiological approach is a conditio sine qua non to the early diagnosis of this entity.
Izolirane traumatske ozljede žučnog mjehura relativno su rijetka stanja koja mogu ugroziti život. U ovome radu prikazujemo dva bolesnika s izoliranom ozljedom žučnog mjehura i njihovu bolničku ...obradu, s naglaskom na doprinosu radiološke dijagnostike. Slikovne metode radiološke dijagnostike (ultrazvuk, višeslojna kompjutorizirana tomografija) imaju važno mjesto tijekom svih faza u bolničkom zbrinjavanju bolesnika s traumatskom ozljedom žučnog mjehura.
U ovome radu prikazujemo bolesnicu u kliničkoj slici akutnog abdomena koja se razvila zbog rupture apscesa jetre s posljedicom plinske embolije u sustavu portalne vene te doprinos i mogućnosti ...radiološke dijagnostike u hitnoj bolničkoj obradi. U etiopatogenetskoj podlozi kolangitisa i razvoja apscesa jetre utvrđena je kronična bilijarna litijaza s intermitentnim opstrukcijama u hepatoduodenalnoj cirkulaciji žuči. Anatomske karakteristike sustava portalne vene i njegovih anastomoza sa sistemskom cirkulacijom predstavljaju supstrat za razvoj ozbiljnih posljedica plinske embolije na drugim organskim sustavima, primjerice, u obliku infarkta bubrega i infarkta slezene, što je radiološkim dijagnostičkim metodama dokazano u ovome slučaju.
Uvod: Terapija udarnim valom (TUV) (od engl. shockwave therapy) je neinvazivna metoda temeljena na mehaničkim pulsovima koji se u obliku vala šire kroz ljudsko tijelo te izazivaju mikroskopske ...intersticijalne i ekstracelularne biološke učinke među kojima je i regeneracija tkiva. Cilj: Cilj ovog retrospektivnog istraživanja bio je ispitati učinkovitost i razlike u liječenju bola TUV-om u pacijenata s dijagnozama plantarni fascitis, kalcificirajući tendinitis ramena i lateralni epikondilitis lakta nakon upotrebe tri i pet uzastopnih tretmana. Ispitanici i metode: U radu su korišteni podatci pacijenata iz baze podataka Zavoda za fizikalnu i rehabilitacijsku medicinu Kliničkog bolničkog centra u Rijeci, a pri tome su u skladu s Helsinškom deklaracijom ostali anonimni: dob, spol, mjerenja intenziteta bola dobivena uz pomoć vizualno analogne skale (od engl. Visual Analogue Scale, VAS). Ispitanici su podijeljeni u dvije grupe za svaku dijagnozu (TUV3 i TUV5). Ispitivanje je sadržavalo ukupno 148 pacijenata: plantarni fascitis N = 50, kalcificirajući tendinitis ramena N = 50 i lateralni epikondilitis lakta N = 48. Rezultati: Primjena terapije udarnim valom kod pacijenata s dijagnozama plantarni fascitis, kalcificirajući tendinitis ramena i lateralni epikondilits lakta, s ciljem smanjenja intenziteta bola, pokazala se uspješnom. Dobivenim rezultatima utvrđeno je da primjena pet TUV tretmana dovodi do boljih rezultata smanjenja bola u sve tri dijagnoze negoli samo tri primijenjena tretmana (p < 0,001; p < 0,001; p < 0,001). Nadalje je utvrđeno da se nakon tri primijenjena tretmana postigao bolji učinak smanjenja bola kod plantarnog fascitisa negoli kod kalcificirajućeg tendinitisa ramena i lateralnog epikondilitisa lakta, dok nakon pet primijenjena tretmana nije bilo razlike u smanjenju bola među dijagnozama. Zaključak: Ova studija preporučuje primjenu pet tretmana kod sve tri dijagnoze kako bi pacijenti imali bolji učinak smanjenja bola.
Introduction: Shock wave therapy (SWT) is a non-invasive method based on mechanical pulses widening through the human body and causing microscopic interstitial and extracellular biological effects, including tissue regeneration. Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze efficacy and differences in pain treatment with SWT in patients with plantar fasciitis, calcific tendinitis of the shoulder and lateral epicondylitis of the elbow after three and five consecutive treatments. Participants and methods: The patients data were taken from the database at the Departmentof Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine of the Clinical Hospital Center in Rijeka and used only in purpose of this work, and according to the Helsinki Declaration, stayed anonymous: age, sex, pain intensity measurements obtained using the Visual Analogue Scale. The participants were devided into two groups (TUV3 and TUV5). The data were taken from 148 patients: plantar fasciitis N = 50, calcific tendinitis of the shoulder N = 50 and lateral epicondylitis of the elbow N = 48. Results: The therapy with SWT proved to be successful in patients with diagnosis of plantar fasciitis, calcific tendinitis of the shoulder and lateral epicondylitis of the elbow. The analyzed results showed that three or five treatments both resulted in pain reduction in all three diagnosis, with five treatments being more efficient than just three applied treatments (p < 0,001; p < 0,001; p < 0,001). It has also been established that after three applied treatments a better effect of pain reduction is achieved in plantar fascitis than in calcific tendinitis of the shoulder and lateral epicondylitis of the elbow, and after five applied treatments there was no difference in pain reduction between diagnoses. Conclusion: Therefore, this study recommends the application of five treatments in all three diagnoses in order for patients to have better pain relief.
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