The aim of the research is to provide a numerical evaluation of the occurrence of New European Bauhaus (NEB) principles in urban plans, using four key indicators: GI (green infrastructure), POS ...(public open space), PSN (public and social needs), and UR (urban reconstruction). The initial step in the research involves determining numerical quantitative indicators with target reference values, which are then used as a measure of compliance with the vision of the NEB. Indicators are modeled based on elements embedded in urban plans and implemented in a framework for evaluating these plans. Through the analysis of collected data, a comparison is made with the set goals and values of the NEB, thus enabling the assignment of ratings for occurrence and identification of areas where improvements are needed. The research results for Rijeka point to the need for planning new green areas, maintaining and developing street networks, and increasing pedestrian and park areas. Additionally, there is a suggested need to increase content to meet public and social needs and expand areas planned for urban reconstruction. The research results emphasize the importance of monitoring and adjusting urban plans to the NEB platform to achieve sustainable and balanced urban development goals, highlighting the need for continuous improvement in the quality of urban planning.
The architecture of summer residences in the Dubrovnik region from the 15th and 16th centuries represents elements of cultural and historical heritage that both enhance the landscape and bear witness ...to the rich legacy rooted in the native Mediterranean ambience. By learning about the specific spatial characteristics that define Dubrovnik’s summer residences, this research aimed to comprehend their urban and architectural essence and determine the possibilities of using the typology of these residences as a tool for planning the balanced development of both the private and societal aspects of the city. This study identified indicators of the spatial parameters of existing historic Dubrovnik summer residences in Gruž and then analyzed them according to types of spatial planning conditions to guide the construction and development of building plots. The research was conducted using a model representation of the spatial indicators of the summer residences. The analysis of the model data revealed the characteristics of the typology of Dubrovnik summer residences, highlighting the urban and architectural features of the plots, houses, and gardens, the use of technological innovations, and the coexistence of privacy and sociality. The recognized specificities led to the conclusion that the typology of Dubrovnik summer residences can serve as an exceptionally valuable spatial planning tool.
Istraživanje je usmjereno na utvrđivanje, prepoznavanje vrijednosti i značenja identitetske siluete grada sagledane iz urbanističko-arhitektonskog motrišta. Na temelju komparativnog pregleda ...literature i dokumentacijskih izvora postavlja se pojmovno određenje siluete grada u kontekstu pojmova identitetska slika grada, panorama i vizura grada te se predlaže formiranje pojma koji objedinjuje njihova značenja: panoramska slika grada.
This research aims to define and assess the value and significance of the city skyline from the perspective of urban planning and architecture. Based on a comparative review of literature and a study of the archives, the paper aims to conceptually define the city skyline in the context of the city identity generated by a specific skyline, panorama, and view. It suggests a new concept: panoramic image of the city.
Iskustva gradova Europske unije u strateškom planiranju razvoja mogu biti primjeri dobre prakse koji su uz razumijevanje konteksta primjenjivi na Zagreb. Analizom podataka i strateških dokumenata ...uspoređene su razvojne strategije Beča, Budimpešte i Zagreba. Sintezom i vrjednovanjem nalaza formuliran je prijedlog mogućih preporuka za rad na razvojnoj strategiji Grada Zagreba, primjenjivih na širi kontekst strateškog planiranja razvoja gradova.
The EU cities can serve as examples of good practice regarding their strategic development planning that, with a proper understanding of the context, may be applicable to Zagreb. The analysis of data and strategic documents allows a comparison between the cities of Vienna, Budapest, and Zagreb in terms of their development strategies. The results have been used to formulate a development strategy proposal for the City of Zagreb, applicable to a broader context of strategic urban planning and development.
Članak istražuje tematska područja Planova upravljanja spomeničkim cjelinama pod zaštitom UNESCO-a te ih postavlja u komparativni odnos sa suvremenim urbanističkim problemima mediteranskih gradova na ...primjeru Dubrovnika, Venecije i Krfa. Utvrđuju se zajedničke i razlikovne svojstvenosti urbanističkih obilježja gradova i tematskih cjelina njihovih Planova upravljanja kao indikatora urbanističkih problema u kontekstu suvremenoga mediteranskog grada.
This article explores the thematic areas of Management Plans for the historic ensembles under UNESCO protection and relates them to contemporary issues in urban planning of the Mediterranean cities, as exemplified by the cities of Dubrovnik, Venice, and Corfu. It aims to give a comparative analysis of their common and distinctive features in the field of urban planning as well as the thematic areas of their Management Plans as indicators of the problems related to the urban planning of a Mediterranean city.
Strategije
urbanoga razvoja gradova Europske unije EU bitno su određene karakteristikama sustava prostornog i strateškog planiranja. Provedeno je istraživanje i komparativna analiza između razvojne ...strategije Grada Zagreba sa strateškim razvojnim dokumentima gradova Antwerpena, Bratislave i Krakowa s ciljem razumijevanja odnosa prostornog i strateškog planiranja, te odnosa prema projektima integriranoga urbanog razvoja. Pritom je utvrđena značajna sličnost između sustava planiranja u
Zagrebu, Bratislavi i Krakowu, dok se sustav strateškog planiranja u Antwerpenu u značajnoj mjeri razlikuje.
Urban development strategies in the EU are fundamentally determined by the
charateristics of physical and strategic planning. This research is based on a
comparative analysis of the development strategy for the Zagreb City and the
strategic development documents for Antwerpen, Bratislava and Krakow. It
examines the relationship between the physical and strategic planning as well
as the attitude towards the integrated urban development projects. The research
results indicate that there is a striking similarity between the planning
systems in Zagreb, Bratislava and Krakow while the strategic planning system
in Antwerpen is considerably different.
Rad prikazuje i testira scenarijsko modeliranje morskog područja Dubrovačko-neretvanske županije uvažavajući postojeće strateškoplanske i prostornoplanske odrednice na županijskoj razini. Testirana ...metodologija svoju primjenu pronalazi kao alat za utvrđivanje opterećenja prostora postojećim i planiranim namjenama i zahvatima na morskom području, te kao alat za korigiranje nacrta prijedloga prostornih planova.
This article presents and tests the scenario modelling of the coastal area in Dubrovnik-Neretva county taking into account the present principles of strategic and physical planning at the county level. The tested methodology finds its application both as a tool for determining space loads in the context of the present and planned uses and interventions in the coastal area and for correcting draft spatial planning proposals.
U radu se istražuju obilježja prostornog razvoja podravskog mjesta Pitomače od početka 18. do kraja 20. stoljeća. Utvrđeno je da se Pitomača razvila od šest manjih prostornih cjelina koje su svojim ...širenjem dovele do oblikovanja suvremenoga mjesta. Izgrađena je struktura središta izdužena oko glavne ulice - ‘Podravske magistrale’, u potezu kojim su povezane sve okolne ulice pa je tako nastao prepoznatljiv ‘zvjezdasti’ oblik naselja.
A research into the city skyline is part of a doctoral research on the panoramic image of the city. The research hypothesis suggests that the city skyline is not just a frozen image. Instead, it is a ...true symbol of a culture and a carrier of a city's identity. The hypothesis is tested through a comparative study of literature and the documents from the period between 1960 and 2020. Besides city skyline, other related concepts are mentioned in literature such as skyline, panorama and view of the city. The goal of this research is to systematize views, common features and interdisciplinary perspectives on the city skyline through a comparison between the meaning and use of all related concepts. By examining the concepts and their interrelationships, a conceptual definition is then offered - a unique coverage of the meaning of the city skyline in the context of urban and architectural approach. This is the scientific contribution of the article. City skyline is part of a city's identity. In order to gain a full understanding of this concept, it is necessary to draw a clear distinction between its material (physical) and non-material (symbolic) appearance. Its material aspect refers to particular urban forms in space while its non-material aspect has to do with a particular symbolism that a city skyline carries in the memory of the city and its dwellers thus contributing to the identity of a place but also of the society as a whole. The research stresses the need to highlight the importance of preservation, protection and enhancement of the overall image of the city which has been recognized and clearly articulated in the international documents of the UNESCO: Convention on the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972), Recommendation Concerning the Safeguarding and Contemporary Role of Historic Areas (1976), Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (2011), Vienna Memorandum on World Heritage and Contemporary Architecture (2005). The ICOMOS' Valletta Principles for the Safeguarding and Management of Historic Cities, Towns and Urban Areas (2011) emphasizes that panoramas, city skylines and perspectives are valuable material elements of historic towns and urban areas and should be taken into account in any planning of new undertakings. Literature and document sources are grouped and compared chronologically and thematically. This research is primarily based on the following research projects: - From 1960 to 1980 research projects conducted by K. Lynch (1960); G. Cullen (1961). - From 1960 to 1980 research projects conducted by W. Attoe (1981); Y. Ashihara (1983); C. Rowe i F. Koetter (1988); M. Hrzic (1988); S. Kostof (1991); K. Kropf (1996); T. Heath, S. Smith, B. Lim (2000); N. Lipovac (2000). - From 2001 to 2020 research projects conducted by A. E. Stamps (2002); A. Hudson-Smith, E. Stephan, M. Batty (2005); C. B. Booth (2012); C. Guney, S. Akdag Girginkaya, G. Cagdas, S. Yavuz (2012); V. Oliveira (2016), K. Smit, I. Mravunac (2018); M. Obad Scitaroci, B. Bojanic Obad Scitaroci, A. Mrda (2019); J. Auerbach, P. Wan (2020); K. Al-Kodmany (2020). Additionally, this research takes into consideration relevant international documents (UNESCO, ICOMOS) and physical plans of London (London Plan, 2016; London View Management Framework, 2012. City skylines can be analyzed as part of the methods of urban landscape analysis (studies rooted in urban-planning, architecture, sociology, art, economy, ecology) and as part of the methods used in urban and architectural planning and design (perceptive and participatory methods of planning and urban design). The professional literature is thematically reviewed, compared and classified according to the types of meaning and use of the concepts (city skylines, panoramas and views): - city skyline as an element in the perception of urban space and an element of the perceptual methods of urban design; - utilitarian meaning of the city skyline; - aesthetic features of the city skyline; - symbolic value of the city skyline; - perception and experience of the city skyline - planning the city skylines, panoramas and views A comparative analysis of literature and other sources has shown a variety of systematic approaches to the concepts used to describe city skylines and the criteria on the basis of which their meanings are classified. Given the wide use of various terms with more or less overlapping meanings it may well be concluded that the meaning of the term urban silhouette largely corresponds to the semantic scope of the term skyline. Therefore, they may be considered largely synonymous. A city skyline or urban silhouette may also be viewed as a panoramic view or a view of the whole city from a particular spot. Panoramic view of the city as a wide view of the city (most often from an elevated prominent point) shows a detailed image of the city within which one may discern other details as well (buildings, groups of buildings, prominent features, landscape elements). Accordingly, it is possible to abstract the silhouettes (contours, outlines) of the city from panoramas. A panorama is also a view of a city as a whole. Identity-related urban silhouette (city skyline), i.e. a silhouette of urban landscape may be defined as a city outline against the sky devoid of details. Its recognizable elements (the outlines of familiar buildings or groups of buildings, specific landscape outline in the background, specific rhythm and relationship between the city-making elements, valuable panoramas and views) are key elements in the formation of a city's recognizable image and identity. A city skyline is the result of complex urban, social, historical, political, economic and ecological circumstances and impacts. Therefore, it is not a static image but a highly dynamic one - a lively representation of a city in constant flux. This research has shown that the concepts of urban silhouette, panorama and view are true carriers of a city's identity. They may be described and perceived as a part of a wider concept - panoramic image of a city. Its physical (material) and symbolic (immaterial) appearance can be conveyed through elements derived from the objective criteria (morphological and aesthetic features, relationship between urban and natural landscape) and the subjective ones (perception and experience of a city).
This article explores the thematic areas of Management Plans for the historic ensembles under UNESCO protection and relates them to contemporary issues in urban planning of the Mediterranean cities, ...as exemplified by the cities of Dubrovnik, Venice, and Corfu. It aims to give a comparative analysis of their common and distinctive features in the field of urban planning as well as the thematic areas of their Management Plans as indicators of the problems related to the urban planning of a Mediterranean city. DUBROVNIK, VENICE, CORFU MEDITERRANEAN CITIES MANAGEMENT PLANS UNESCO ISSUES IN URBAN PLANNING Clanak istrazuje tematska podrucja Planova upravljanja spomenickim cjelinama pod zastitom UNESCO-a te ih postavlja u komparativni odnos sa suvremenim urbanistickim problemima mediteranskih gradova na primjeru Dubrovnika, Venecije i Krfa. Utvrduju se zajednicke i razlikovne svojstvenosti urbanistickih obiljezja gradova i tematskih cjelina njihovih Planova upravljanja kao indikatora urbanistickih problema u kontekstu suvremenoga mediteranskog grada. DUBROVNIK, VENECIJA, KRF MEDITERANSKI GRADOVI PLANOVI UPRAVLJANJA UNESCO URBANISTICKI PROBLEMI
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