Imidacloprid (IMI) is a commonly used new-generation pesticide that has numerous harmful effects on non-targeted organisms, including animals. This study analysed both the adverse effects on the ...pancreas following oral consumption of imidacloprid neonicotinoids (45 mg/kg daily for 30 days) and the potential protective effects of lycopene (LYC) administration (10 mg/kg/day for 30 days) with IMI exposure in male Sprague–Dawley rats. The apoptotic, pyroptotic, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress biomarkers were evaluated, along with the histopathological alterations. Upon IMI administration, noticeable changes were observed in pancreatic histopathology. Additionally, elevated oxidative/endoplasmic reticulum-associated stress biomarkers, inflammatory, pyroptotic, and apoptotic biomarkers were also observed following IMI administration. LYC effectively reversed these alterations by reducing oxidative stress markers (e.g., MDA) and enhancing antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT). It downregulated ER stress markers (IRE1α, XBP1, CHOP), decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), and suppressed pyroptotic (NLRP3, caspase-1) along with apoptotic markers (Bax, cleaved caspase-3). It also improved the histopathological and ultrastructure alterations brought on by IMI toxicity.
Visible light communication (VLC) is a relatively new wireless communication technology that allows for high data rate transfer. Because of its capability to enable high-speed transmission and ...eliminate inter-symbol interference, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is widely employed in VLC. Peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is an issue that impacts the effectiveness of OFDM systems, particularly in VLC systems, because the signal is distorted by the nonlinearity of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The proposed method Long Short Term Memory-Autoencoder (LSTM-AE) uses an autoencoder as well as an LSTM to learn a compact representation of an input, allowing the model to handle variable length input sequences as well as predict or produce variable length output sequences. This study compares the suggested model with various PAPR reduction strategies to demonstrate that it offers a superior improvement in PAPR reduction of the transmitted signal while maintaining BER. Also, this model provides a flexible compromisation between PAPR and BER.
Visible light communication (VLC) is a relatively new wireless communication technology that allows for high data rate transfer. Because of its capability to enable high-speed transmission and ...eliminate inter-symbol interference, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is widely employed in VLC. Peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is an issue that impacts the effectiveness of OFDM systems, particularly in VLC systems, because the signal is distorted by the nonlinearity of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The proposed method Long Short Term Memory-Autoencoder (LSTM-AE) uses an autoencoder as well as an LSTM to learn a compact representation of an input, allowing the model to handle variable length input sequences as well as predict or produce variable length output sequences. This study compares the suggested model with various PAPR reduction strategies to demonstrate that it offers a superior improvement in PAPR reduction of the transmitted signal while maintaining BER. Also, this model provides a flexible compromisation between PAPR and BER.
