The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is associated with inflammatory conditions. Since type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its microvascular complications produce a significant inflammatory burden, ...we aimed to compare the PNI levels of the subjects with T2DM to those of healthy individuals. Furthermore, we aimed to compare the PNI levels of the diabetic subjects, with and without microvascular complications. The study cohort consisted of T2DM patients and healthy volunteers. The general characteristics, laboratory data, and PNI of the T2DM and control groups were compared. We further compared the PNI levels of the diabetic patients, with and without diabetic microvascular complications. The PNI levels of the T2DM patients and the control group were 51.6 (30.1–73.8)% and 64.8 (49.4–76)%, respectively (p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed that the PNI was lower in the diabetic subjects with diabetic microvascular complications than in the diabetic patients without microvascular complications (p < 0.001), in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to those without nephropathy (p < 0.001), in patients with diabetic retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy (p < 0.001), and in patients with diabetic neuropathy compared to those without neuropathy (p < 0.001). In conclusion, we assert that assessing the PNI may yield additional diagnostic value in regards to the timely determination of diabetic microvascular complications.
In various diseases characterized by inflammation, the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) serves as a marker of inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently complicated by ...diabetic neuropathy (DN) and timely diagnosis is crucial for treatment and potential reversal of this complication. Since both DN and T2DM are associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation, our study aimed to evaluate CAR levels in type 2 diabetic subjects with DN and compare them to those in subjects without DN. Patients presenting to our institutional outpatient clinics were divided into two groups based on the presence of DN. Data on characteristics and laboratory measures, including CAR, were compared between the DN and non-DN groups. The median CAR in the DN and non-DN group was 2.19% (range 0.2 - 49%) and 0.56% (range 0.02 - 5.8%), respectively (P < 0.001). CAR showed significant positive correlations with weight (r = 0.19, P = 0.01), body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.11, P = 0.03), waist circumference (r = 0.10, P = 0.046), fasting glucose (r = 0.14, P = 0.004), serum creatinine (r = 0.25, P < 0.001), triglyceride (r = 0.17, P < 0.001), and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (r = 0.13, P = 0.001) levels, and an inverse correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r = -0.16, P <0.001). Additionally, CAR demonstrated a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 73% for predicting DN at a threshold of 1.02% (area under curve AUC 0.84, 95% confidence interval CI 0.82 - 0.87, P < 0.001). High CAR levels were independently associated with an increased risk of DN (odds ratio OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.08 - 1.62, P < 0.001). Elevated CAR levels may thus be considered a potential marker for DN in T2DM patients.
Dear Editor: I read with great interest the article by Akin et al., reporting an association between coronary plaque and serum lipid parameters. The authors examined serum lipid levels in patients ...undergoing computed tomography of the coronary arteries and reported that LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and the ratio of triglycerides to HDL cholesterol were significantly higher in patients with coronary artery disease, and HDL cholesterol was significantly lower than in patients without coronary atherosclerosis. The results presented in the above study are consistent with data from the literature. Increased total and LDL cholesterol levels were found in patients with adequate coronary collateral development compared with patients with inadequate coronary collateral development. Read more in PDF.
Neuregulin-4 is a cytokine with many functions and is primarily produced by fat tissue.
The aim of the study was to observe the relationship between serum neuregulin-4 levels and diabetes regulation ...in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to compare neuregulin-4 levels of diabetic subjects with those in healthy controls.
Patients with T2DM were included to the study. Healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. Subjects with T2DM with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) <7% were classed as well controlled and those with HbA1c >7% were classed as poorly controlled. Neuregulin-4 levels of the study and control groups were compared.
The neuregulin-4 levels of the poorly controlled T2DM, well-controlled T2DM and control groups were significantly different (p = 0.005). Neuregulin-4 was significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.247, p = 0.002) but not with HbA1c. In a regression analysis model, 0.1 point elevation in neuregulin-4 levels increased the rate of existence of T2DM 4.4-fold (odds ratio 4.4, 95% confidence interval 1.26-15.1; p = 0.02).
Neuregulin-4 is significantly increased in patients with T2DM compared with control subjects, which means that it could be a marker of T2DM. Since neuregulin-4 was correlated with fasting glucose, we suggest that elevated neuregulin-4 could predict poor control in T2DM for short periods when HbA1c is not useful. Moreover, one unit elevation in neuregulin-4 (0.1 ng/ml) increases the rate of existence of T2DM 4.4-fold, independently from other variables.
Inflammation of the thyroid gland is referred to as thyroiditis and is associated with inflammation. Recent studies found significant association between thyroiditis and novel inflammatory and ...metabolic markers, as well as C‐reactive protein (CRP). CRP/lymphocyte count ratio (CLR) is a novel inflammatory marker that associated with various conditions and has not been studied in thyroiditis, yet. We aimed to investigate CRP to lymphocyte count ratio in patients with thyroiditis and to compare to those in healthy subjects. Patients with thyroiditis that presented to internal medicine outpatient clinics of our institution between January 2019 and August 2021 were enrolled to the retrospective study. Healthy volunteers were enrolled as control group. CLR of the thyroiditis and control groups were compared. Median CLR of the thyroiditis and control groups were 3.14 (0.14%–38)% and 0.4 (0.03–8.86)%, respectively (p < .001). The sensitivity and specificity of CLR > 0.43% in detecting thyroiditis were 92% and 58%, respectively (AUC: 0.88, p < .001, 95% CI: 0.85–0.92).CLR was significantly and positively correlated with free T4 (FT4) (r = .18, p < .001) and inversely correlated with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (r = −.52, p = .003) levels. In conclusion, we suggest that high CLR levels may yield additional diagnostic value in patients with thyroiditis.
Median C‐reactive protein/lymphocyte count ratio (CLR) of the thyroiditis and control groups were 3.14 (0.14–38)% and 0.4 (0.03–8.86)%, respectively (p < .001).
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an auto-immune condition characterized with lymphocytic and fibroblastic infiltration of the thyroid gland. The rate of uric acid and HDL cholesterol - so called as ...uric acid to HDL ratio (UHR) has been shown to be elevated in inflammatory conditions diseases. We aimed to compare UHR and other laboratory parameters of the patients with HT to those values in healthy controls.
The patients diagnosed with HT by medical history, physical examination, elevated thyroid autoantibodies in serum and characteristic sonographic findings in outpatient internal medicine clinics of our institution were enrolled to the present retrospective study. Age and sex matched healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls. UHR of the HT patients and control subjects were compared.
The mean UHR of the HT group was 11% ± 4 %, while UHR of the control group was 8% ± 2% (p<0.001). UHR was significantly and positively correlated with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (r=0.26, p=0.01) and negatively correlated with free T4 (FT4) (r=-0.22, p=0.04) levels. The sensitivity and specificity of the UHR level were greater than 8.3%: were 74% and 52%, respectively (AUC: 0.74, p<0.001, 95% CI: 0.64-0.84).
We suggest that UHR is a reliable and useful marker for HT. Therefore, it may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis of HT in addition to other diagnostic tools.
Since uric acid to HDL cholesterol ratio (UHR) is proposed as a novel predictor of metabolic and inflammatory disorders, we aimed to study UHR levels in patients with new onset type 2 diabetes ...mellitus (T2DM) and compare them to those in healthy controls. Patients with new onset T2DM were enrolled and control subjects were volunteers to participate without any established diseases. Laboratory data including UHR, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were compared. The mean UHR of the T2DM and control groups was 16±8% and 10±3%, respectively (p<0.001). Moreover, UHR was significantly and positively correlated with HbA1c (r=0.75, p<0.001), FBG (r=0.64, p<0.001), waist circumference (r=0.35, p<0.001), body mass index (r=0.20, p=0.002) and inversely correlated with glomerular filtration rate (r=-0.24, p<0.001). High levels of UHR might be associated with increased mean blood glucose levels for a long time, since UHR was correlated with both FBG and HbA1c in patients with new onset T2DM.
Evaluation of serum oxidative stress levels and antioxidant capacity in prediabetes Balci, Buse; Tekce, Buket Kin; Aktas, Gulali
Advances in redox research : an official journal of the Society for Redox Biology and Medicine and the Society for Free Radical Research-Europe,
August 2024, 2024-08-00, 2024-08-01, Volume:
12
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
•TAS levels are lower in prediabetes patients compared to the healthy controls.•TOS levels are significantly increased in patients with prediabetes compared to the healthy subjects.•Both TAS and TOS ...were correlated with metabolic and renal markers.•Both TAS and TOS had high sensitivity and specificity in determining prediabetes.•Considering TAS, weight, triglyceride, and GFR, serum TOS level appears as an independent marker of prediabetes.
Prediabetes is a metabolic disorder marked by blood sugar levels that are elevated than usual but not yet high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes. It is known that raised oxidative stress and insufficient antioxidant status play a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we aimed to measure total oxidative stress and antioxidant status in prediabetic patients and compare them with healthy volunteers. Subjects with prediabetes according to their HbA1c and blood sugar levels in their routine tests were included in the study. The control group consisted of healthy volunteers who visited our clinics for routine health screening and had no health problems. TAS and TOS levels of the groups were compared. Mean TAS and median TOS values were significantly different among study and control groups (p < 0.001 for both). Blood TOS level was a reliable risk factor of prediabetes, taking into account TAS, weight, triglycerides, and GFR. Higher oxidative stress and lower antioxidant levels were found in prediabetic patients compared to healthy ones. Diabetes development and related complications can be prevented by interventions for these markers in serum.
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