In this work, we investigate the structure and properties of neutron stars in
R
2
gravity using two approaches,
viz:
the perturbative and non-perturbative methods. For this purpose, we consider NS ...with several nucleonic, as well as strange EoS generated in the framework of relativistic mean field models. The strange particles in the core of NS are in the form of
Λ
hyperons and quarks, in addition to the nucleons and leptons. In both the approaches, we obtain mass–radius relation for a wide range of values of the extra degree of freedom parameter
a
arising due to modification of gravity at large scales. The mass–radius relation of the chosen equation of states lies well within the observational limit in the case of GR. We identify the changes in the property of neutron star in the background of
f
(
R
) gravity, and compare the results in both the methods. We also identify the best suited method to study the modified gravity using the astrophysical observations.
We consider the equation of motion of a charged particle or a charged compact object in curved space-time, under the reaction of electromagnetic radiation and also consider a physical situation such ...that the charged particle or compact object emits gravitational radiation, thereby gravitational radiation reaction also acts on it. We investigate the effect of this metric perturbation i.e. the gravitational radiation on the electromagnetic self-force. We show that, besides the interaction terms derived by Zimmerman and Poisson (Phys Rev D 90:084030, 2014), additional perturbative terms are generated, which are linear in metric perturbation and are generated due to perturbation of the electromagnetic self-force by the metric perturbation. We discuss the conditions of significance of these perturbative terms and also the interaction terms with respect to the gravitational self-force in various astrophysical and cosmological cases; such as the motion of charged particles around black holes, some extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) involving sufficiently accelerated motion of charged stars (specially neutron stars) or charged stellar mass black holes around supermassive black holes, and motion of charged particles around charged primordial black holes formed in the early Universe etc. We find that in some astrophysical and cosmological cases these perturbative terms can have significant effect in comparison with the gravitational radiation-reaction term.
Sclerotium rolfsii
is a soil-borne plant pathogen that causes root diseases in hundreds of plant species. It also causes collar rot disease in chickpea (
Cicer arietinum
L.). The present pot study ...was carried out to investigate the effect of soil amendment with dry biomass of a weed
Chenopodium album
L. and two antagonistic fungi, namely
Trichoderma harzianum
and
T. viride
, on growth and yield of chickpea variety Noor 2009 in soil infected with
S. rolfsii.
The pathogen-contaminated soil was amended either with 1, 2, or 3%
C. album
dry biomass,
T. harzianum
, and
T. viride
alone, or combinations of either of the two
Trichoderma
species and plant dry biomass. The lowest shoot and root dry biomass and grain yield of chickpea were recorded in
S. rolfsii
inoculation alone without any soil amendment (positive control). Plant growth and yield were significantly and gradually increased over positive control with an increase in
C. album
dry biomass application in the soil. Likewise, soil application of either of the two
Trichoderma
species significantly enhanced plant growth and yield over positive control under biotic stress of
S. rolfsii.
Combined application of either
T. harzianum
or
T. viride
with 3% dry biomass of
C. album
also proved highly effective in alleviating biotic stress of
S. rolfsii
on growth and yield of chickpea.
We consider the propagation of gravitational waves in the late-time Universe in the presence of matter distribution inhomogeneities, and we also consider the cosmic fluid to be viscous. In this work, ...we investigate the cumulative effect of inhomogeneities and viscosity of the cosmic-fluid on the observables associated with the sources of the gravitational waves. Employing Buchert’s averaging procedure in the backreaction framework, we consider a model of spacetime in which matter is distributed in-homogeneously across space. Using the modified redshift versus distance relation, through the averaging process in the context of the model, we study the variation of the redshift-dependent part of the observed gravitational wave amplitude for different combinations of our model parameters while simultaneously considering damping of the gravitational wave amplitude due to viscosity of the cosmic-fluid. Then, we investigate the differences occurring in the variation of the redshift-dependent part of the observed gravitational wave amplitude due to consideration of viscous attenuation. We show that there are significant deviations after the inclusion of viscous attenuation in our analysis, depending on the chosen value of the coefficient of viscosity. Our result signifies the importance of the effect of viscosity, within the model of an inhomogeneous Universe, on precision measurements of parameters of compact-binary sources of gravitational waves.
Abstract
Irrigation projects have a key role in influencing economic factors and reshaping the demographic distribution pattern of rural settlements and elements of development. As the main objective ...of the research is to show what irrigation projects achieve in rural development through the redistribution of rural human settlements in a schematic manner consistent with the new irrigation reality and helps In exploiting the agricultural potential to reach the rebuilding of the rural economy, and to help solve the problem of poor distribution of development benefits and the lack of public services for rural human settlements, due to the spread and scattering of villages, assuming that the prevailing pattern of widespread distribution changes and the use of a new pattern based on the grouping of villages, and raising the rate of Population size in a way that helps to achieve the rural development process. Considering that the dominant feature that distinguishes the pattern of rural settlements in Iraq is the small size of the settlements, their spread and their lack of basic services, which is the characteristic that stands in the way of development and development.
Among the most important conclusions achieved for the role of irrigation projects in addition to agricultural development, is their contribution to the urban development of rural human settlements and providing them with public and agricultural services by linking to a network of roads, in addition to establishing new settlements that support the rural economy.
Abstract
Kirkuk irrigation project has several development goals that support rural settlements and the rural reality in the city, from which we will take its effective role in the economic field, ...which is to increase the production quantities of crops in the countryside of Kirkuk governorate. Therefore, the size of agricultural areas will be subjected to changes after the establishment of project, from what it was before the establishment of the project. The project, Therefore, the role of the Kirkuk irrigation project, in addition to its importance in urban development and the service reality in the countryside, is to support the agricultural reality with sustainable agricultural development. In this case, the project will solve the problem of water scarcity and scarcity experienced by the rural population, due to the spread and scattering of villages, and their proximity to sources Irrigation after the establishment of the project represents support for the rural economy for the emergence of new types of crops that did not exist before the establishment of the project, such as the cotton crop, for example, and the increase in the production quantities of other crops, which depended on blood-watering or wells. The research aims to analyse the spatial developmental impact of the Kirkuk irrigation project to come up with planning indicators that help in building social and economic services and to study and analyse the spatial distribution patterns of existing rural settlements before and after the establishment of the project, through the use of the descriptive approach to study the effects of the Kirkuk irrigation project, and then adopt the approach Inductive analysis of project variables and indicators quantitatively. One of the most important conclusions achieved for the role of the Kirkuk irrigation project in sustainable agricultural development in addition to the changes in the service and urban reality of rural settlements and linking to transport networks, which is the basis for trade and marketing of agricultural produce, is the process of sustainable agricultural development, which is the focus of the research by making a comparison of agricultural areas and production quantities The types of crops produced before and after the establishment of the Kirkuk irrigation project.
Radiation retinopathy (RR)-related macular edema commonly causes poor visual acuity outcomes in patients previously treated with ocular radiation therapy. Current treatments are not US Food and Drug ...Administration (FDA)-approved and prior studies have variable outcomes. We performed a multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of 2 mg intravitreal aflibercept injections (IAIs) for the treatment of RR.
Thirty-nine eyes in 39 patients with RR-related macular edema causing vision loss were assigned randomly to cohorts (1:1 ratio) in which patients either did or did not receive a loading dose of 3 IAIs followed by a treat-and-extend regimen. The primary outcome measure was the mean Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) change from baseline.
Of the 39 randomized patients, 30 (76.9%) completed the year 1 follow-up visit. The overall mean BCVA change from baseline was 4.3 letters (P = 0.087), with 1.57 letters and 6.69 letters gained in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.31). There was a significant difference in central retinal thickness (CRT) from baseline to week 52 overall (484.4 µm to 326.5 µm) and within cohorts 1 (441.2 µm to 311.1 µm) and 2 (522.3 µm to 339.9 µm), respectively (P < 0.001). A total of 96.7% of the patients had visual acuity of 20/200 or better, and 30.0% improved 10 or more letters.
Aflibercept may improve CRT and may prevent vision loss in patients with RR using a treat-and-extend regimen through 52 weeks of therapy. Larger, multicenter studies are needed to confirm these findings.
In the present paper we examine the possibility of constraining dyon black holes based on the available observational data at the scale of the Solar system. For this we consider the classical tests ...of general relativity, viz., the perihelion precession of the planet Mercury and the deflection of light by the Sun. In connection to mathematical analysis we are considering static and spherically symmetric dyon black hole which carries both the electric and magnetic charge simultaneously, which are encoded it by the parameters
λ
0
and
β
0
. We constrain these two parameters using the Solar system tests and obtain the permissible range from theoretical analysis based on our model and later on compare them with the available observational data.
Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) are heterogeneous disorders of immunity with variable clinical presentation and outcome. This is the first comprehensive report from the United Arab Emirates aiming to ...describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, categories, treatment modalities and outcome of patients with IEI.
This retrospective study was conducted on patients who attended Tawam Hospital between 2016-2020.
We identified 162 patients with IEI, of whom 152 were children. The age of onset of symptoms ranged between birth to 38 years. About two-thirds of patients were Emirati nationals, 64.2% had consanguineous parents and 38.3% of cases were familial. Patients were classified as; immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity (20.4%), combined immunodeficiencies with associated or syndromic features (38.3%), predominantly antibody deficiencies (16%), immune dysregulation (4.3%), congenital defects of phagocytes number or function (8.6%), defects in intrinsic and innate immunity (1.9%) autoinflammatory disorders (1.9%), complement deficiency (6.2%), bone marrow failure (1.9%) and phenocopies of inborn errors of immunity (0.6%). Genetic testing was performed in 85.2% of patients with a diagnostic yield of 92.7%. Complications included bronchiectasis, neoplasia, and vaccine-related infections. Immunoglobulin therapy and antimicrobial prophylaxis were both used in (51.9%) of patients while (20.4%) underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The overall mortality rate was 10.5%.
This report highlights the burden of IEI in the UAE. Ongoing education of physicians, establishment of a national registry and considering changes to early BCG vaccination are measures recommended to improve outcomes.
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