Statins are known to display benefits in various diseases independently from their cholesterol lowering properties. In this study, we investigated the acute effects of atorvastatin on vascular ...reactivity to various spasmogens in isolated rat aorta. The responses to noradrenaline (NA, 10−8–10−4 m), endothelin‐1 (ET‐1, 10−10–10−7 m), and potassium chloride (KCl, 10–100 mm) were evaluated in aortic rings pretreated with atorvastatin (10−7–10−4 m, 30 min). To verify the mechanism of action, the effects of atorvastatin were studied in the presence of cholesterol precursor, mevalonate (10−2 m, 45 min), mevalonate‐derived isoprenoids, namely geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP, 5 × 10−6 m, 30 min) and farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP, 5 × 10−6 m, 30 min), and in the absence of endothelium. In parallel, aortic rings were pretreated with the specific inhibitor of Rho kinase, Y‐27632 (10−7–10−6 m). Atorvastatin significantly and concentration‐dependently reduced the contractions to spasmogens in rat aorta. This acute inhibitory effect was also evident in endothelium‐denuded rings. Pretreatment with mevalonate and GGPP, but not with FPP, reversed the inhibitory effect of atorvastatin (10−4 m) on NA and ET‐1 induced contractions. Similar to atorvastatin, pretreatment with Y‐27632 inhibited the contractions to NA and KCl in a concentration‐dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that both atorvastatin (10−4 m) and Y‐27632 (10−6 m) pretreatment inhibited the phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target subunit‐1 (MYPT‐1) triggered by NA, indicating an inhibitory influence on myosin phosphatase. In conclusion, atorvastatin displayed an acute inhibitory effect on vascular contractility evoked by various spasmogens and the inhibitory effect was possibly mediated by the inhibition of mevalonate and GGPP synthesis as well as the prevention of MYPT‐1 phosphorylation induced by Rho/Rho kinase.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the oral health status of a group of students with vision impairment and to compare the changes of oral hygiene after oral health ...education.Materials and Methods: Dental examination of 6-19-year-old of 136 students with vision impairment in a Primary School for Individuals with Vision Impairment in Istanbul was performed. The students were divided into 6-9-year-age group (Group I) and 10-19-year-age group (Group II) and in the first visit, they were examined and their findings were recorded according to DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth), DMFS (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Surfaces) indices of permanent teeth, dft and dfs indices of primary teeth and in the first visit and 3rd follow up period, their Dental Plaque (PI), Calculus (CI) and Oral Hygiene (OHI) Indexes were recorded. They received one-to-one oral health education (OHE). Statistical evaluation was carried out with Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests and p<0.05 was found as statistically significant.Results: Regarding the pre and post OHE results of periodontal indexes, PI and OHI scores statistically significantly increased after OHE in Group I (p<0.05). On the other hand, CI results significantly decreased after OHE in Group II (p=0.042). Comparing post OHE results of PI and OHI, Group I showed statistically significantly higher scores than Group II (p<0.05). Comparing the difference values of PI and OHI between pre and post OHE, Group I showed statistically significantly lower scores than Group II (p<0.05).Conclusions: Students with vision impairment have a high prevalence of dental caries and poor oral hygiene. We emphasise the importance of providing proper dental education and regular dental visits to them.
Objective
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri on the levels of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in children with ...cleft lip/palate who used the novel drop containing L. reuteri.
Material and Methods
The study group consisted of 19 operated cleft lip/palate children aged 4 to 12 years. The study had a double-blind, randomized crossover design, and the experimental period consisted of four consecutive time periods. During periods 2 and 4, consisting of 25 days each, parents were instructed that their children should consume 5 drops per day (0.15 to 0.20 g) of probiotic or placebo drops produced by the same manufacturer. The probiotic drop, BioGaia Reuteri drops, contained L. reuteri DSM 17938 and L. reuteri ATCC PTA 5289 (≥1 x 108 CFU/5 drops). The counts of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli were evaluated using the CRT tests. The data were processed with NCSS 2007 software using chi-square and McNemar tests.
Results
There was no statistically significant (p > .05) reduction of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli after 25 days of consumption of both drops.
Conclusions
The novel drop containing L. reuteri may not reduce the levels of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in cleft lip/palate children.
Objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the micro-tensile enamel bond strength of fissure sealants treated by an antibacterial self-etching agent, antibacterial pretreatment prior to ...application of a self-etching adhesive system and self-etching adhesive system alone using the simplified enamel fissure model. Materials and Methods: Fresh extracted bovine mandibular incisors were randomly divided into four groups: A. 35% phosphoric acid + Clinpro sealant®; B. 35% phosphoric acid + Clearfil protect bond + Clinpro sealant®; C. 35% phosphoric acid + Consepsis Scrub® + Clearfil SE bond® + Clinpro sealant®; D. 35% phosphoric acid + Clearfil SE bond® + Clinpro sealant®. Two pieces (4 x 6 mm) of enamel were secured with wax on a sterile glass slide to a mean distance of 0.6 + or - 0.1 mm. Vertically sectioned bars (ff1mmx 1mm) were submitted to tensile tests at constant crosshead speed (1mm/min) using a universal testing machine. Fractured surfaces were inspected to determine the mode of fracture. Regarding statistical analysis, One-way variance, Tukey and Chi-square tests were applied. Results: The micro-tensile bond strengths of group C (34.63 + or - 15.59 MPa) was significantly higher than group A (19.86 ± 7.08 MPa) (p:0.0001), group B (24.49 ± 9.38 MPa) (p:0.002) and group D (19.84 ± 9.92 MPa) (p:0.0001). Failures were predominantly adhesive in nature; where there were no statistically significant differences in fracture patterns between groups. (p:0,343). Conclusion: The micro-tensile bond strength of a self-etching adhesive system previously treated with chlorhexidine cavity disinfectant was significantly higher than an antibacterial self-etching adhesive system alone, a self-etching adhesive system and a conventional acid etching system. Keywords Tensile Strength; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Dental Enamel; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Adhesives Svrha-Ovim istrazivanjem in vitro zeljela se na pojednostavljenom modelu caklinske fisure procijeniti mikrozatezna snaga smole za pecacenje tretirana antibakterijskim samojetkajucim adhezivnim sustavom, antibakterijskim predtretmanom prije nanosenja samojetkajuceg adhezivnog sustava i samojetkajucim sustavom. Materijali i metode: Tek izvaceni kravlji mandibularni sjekutici nasumce su podijeljeni u cetiri skupine: A. 35-postotna fosforna kiselina + Clinpro sealant®; B. 35-postotna fosforna kiselina + Clearfil protect bond + Clinpro sealant®; C. 35-postotna fosforna kiselina + Consepsis Scrub® + Clearfil SE bond® + Clinpro sealant®; D. 35-postotna fosforna kiselina + Clearfil SE bond® + Clinpro sealant®. Dva komadica cakline ucvrscena su voskom na sterilna stakalca s razmakom od 0,6 ± 0,1 milimetar. Zatim su okomito razrezani stapici (ff1mm x 1mm) podvrgnuti testu cvrstoce u univerzalnom stroju s konstantnom poprecnom brzinom glave (1mm/ min). Nakon toga je popucalim povrsinama odrecena vrsta frakture. Za statisticku analizu koristena je jednosmjerna analiza varijance te Tukeyev i hi-kvadrat test. Rezultati: Mikrozatezna snaga veze u skupini C (34,63 ± 15,59 MPa) bila je mnogo veca nego u skupini A (19,86 ± 7,08 MPa) (p: 0,0001), B (24,49 ± 9,38 MPa) (p: 0,002) i D (19,84 ± 9,92 MPa) (p: 0,0001). Frakturne pukotine uglavnom su se nalazile u adhezivnom sloju, a mecu skupinama nije bilo statisticki znacajne razlike u obliku fraktura (p: 0,343). Zakljucak: Mikrozatezna snaga veze samojetkajuceg adhezivnog sustava bila je na povrsinama tretiranima klorheksidinskim kavitetnim dezinficijensom znacajno veca nego ona kod primijenjenog antibakterijskog samojetkajuceg sustava zasebno, samojetkajuceg adhezivnog sustava ili konvencionalnog jetkajuceg sustava kiselinom. Kljucne rijeci vlacna cvrstoca; materijali za pecacenje jamica i fisura; zubna caklina; antibakterijska sredstva; adhezivi
Aim: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the micro-tensile bond strength to dentin of two all-in-one adhesives and an etch-and-rinse adhesive. Material and Methods: The teeth were ...randomly divided into three groups for treatment with one of the following adhesives: Adhese One®, Futurabond M® and Adper Singlebond® (control). Roots and the apical floor of pulp chambers were removed with a microtome. The build-ups were vertically sectioned into rectangular (ff1mmx 1mm) compound bars with microtome. The bars were submitted to tensile tests at constant crosshead speed (1mm/min) using a universal testing machine and tested for each adhesive. Fifteen specimens were manufactured and tested for each material for permanent dentin. Fractured surfaces were inspected to determine the mode of fracture. Results: The bond strengths of Adhese One (5,83 ± 3,13 MPa) was significantly lower than Futurabond M (15,76 ± 4,2 MPa) (p:0,0001) and Adper Singlebond (21,14±5,04 MPa) (p:0,0001) while dentin bond strenght of Futurabond M was significantly lower than that of Adper Singlebond (p:0,003). Conclusions: The tested all-in-one adhesives showed lower dentin bond strengths than an etch-and-rinse adhesive. Key words Adhesives; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Tensile Strength Svrha: Istrazivanjem se zeljela ocijeniti mikrozatezna cvrstoca dentinske veze dvaju jednokomponentnih adhezivnih sustava te jednoga koji se jetka i ispire. Ispitanici i postupak: Zubi su bili nasumce podijeljeni u tri skupine kako bi se ispitali u postupku sa sljedecim adhezivnim sustavima: Adhese One®, Futurabond M® i Adper Singlebond® (kontrola). Zbog toga su korijeni i apikalni dio dna pulpne komore bili uklonjeni mikrotomom. Nakon toga su nadogradnje rezane okomito u pravokutne (ff1mm x 1mm) stapice, te su oni testirani--uz konstantnu brzinu glave (1mm/min)--na univerzalnom stroju za ispitivanje cvrstoce. Na taj je nacin bio ispitan svaki adhezivni sustav. Dobilo se petnaest uzoraka i testiran je bio svaki materijal povezan s dentinom. Frakturirane povrsine pregledane su kako bi se odredila vrsta ostecenja. Rezultati: Cvrstoca veze Adhese One (5,83 ± 3,13 MPa) bila je znatno niza nego Futurabonda M (15,76 ± 4,2 MPa) (p:0,0001) i Adper Singlebonda (21,14 ± 5,04 MPa) (p:0,0001). Takoder je cvrstoca veze Futurabonda M bila statisticki mnogo niza nego Adper Singlebonda (p:0,003). Zakljucak: Ispitani jednokomponentni adhezivni sustavi pokazali su manju zateznu cvrstocu dentinske veze nego onaj s jetkanjem i ispiranjem. Kljucne rijeci dentinski adhezivi; prianjanje; zatezna cvrstoca
Statins are determined to have various pleiotropic effects apart from their lipid-lowering properties. Herein, we investigated the direct effects of atorvastatin on gastric smooth muscle tone. ...Atorvastatin effectively relaxed isolated rat gastric fundus strips precontracted with acetylcholine, potassium chloride, and serotonin. Incubation of the strips with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor,
l
-NOARG (10
−4
M, 20 min),
l
-type voltage-operated Ca
2+
channel (VOCC) blocker, nifedipine (10
−6
M, 30 min), K
ATP
channel blocker, glibenclamide (10
−5
M, 30 min), or precursor of cholesterol, mevalonate (10
−2
M, 45 min) did not change the relaxations to atorvastatin. However, pretreatment of fundus strips with atorvastatin (3×10
−5
–3×10
−4
M, 30 min) inhibited the contractions to calcium chloride (10
−4
–10
−1
M), acetylcholine (10
–4
M), and caffeine (20 mM) in the calcium-free medium. Moreover, atorvastatin reduced the contractions induced by sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca
2+
-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor, cyclopiazonic acid (10
−7
–3×10
−5
M). The current study demonstrated that atorvastatin produces an acute relaxant effect on gastric fundus strips, which appears to be mediated by several Ca
2+
-signalling mechanisms such as the blockade of
l
-type VOCC-independent Ca
2+
entry, decrease in smooth muscle Ca
2+
sensitivity, inhibition of IP
3
- and ryanodine-sensitive intracellular stores to mediate Ca
2+
release, as well as the activation of SERCA. This acute relaxing effect seems unlikely to be related with nitric oxide, K
ATP
channels, and the mevalonate pathway.
Svrha - Ovim istraživanjem in vitro željela se na pojednostavljenom modelu caklinske fisure procijeniti mikrozatezna snaga smole za pečaćenje tretirana antibakterijskim samojetkajućim adhezivnim
...sustavom, antibakterijskim predtretmanom prije nanošenja samojetkajućeg adhezivnog sustava i samojetkajućim sustavom. Materijali i metode: Tek izvađeni kravlji mandibularni sjekutići nasumce su podijeljeni u četiri skupine: A. 35-postotna fosforna kiselina + Clinpro sealant®; B. 35-postotna fosforna kiselina + Clearfil protect bond + Clinpro sealant®; C. 35-postotna fosforna kiselina + Consepsis Scrub® + Clearfil SE bond® + Clinpro sealant®; D. 35-postotna fosforna kiselina + Clearfil SE bond® + Clinpro sealant®. Dva komadića cakline učvršćena su voskom na sterilna stakalca s razmakom od 0,6 ± 0,1 milimetar. Zatim su okomito razrezani štapići (≈1mm x 1mm) podvrgnuti testu čvrstoće u univerzalnom stroju s konstantnom poprečnom brzinom glave (1mm/
min). Nakon toga je popucalim površinama određena vrsta frakture. Za statističku analizu korištena je jednosmjerna analiza varijance te Tukeyev i hi-kvadrat test. Rezultati: Mikrozatezna snaga veze u skupini C (34,63 ± 15,59 MPa) bila je mnogo veća nego u skupini A (19,86 ± 7,08 MPa) (p: 0,0001), B (24,49 ± 9,38 MPa) (p: 0,002) i D (19,84 ± 9,92 MPa) (p: 0,0001). Frakturne pukotine uglavnom su se nalazile u adhezivnom sloju, a među skupinama nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u obliku fraktura (p: 0,343). Zaključak: Mikrozatezna snaga veze samojetkajućeg adhezivnog sustava bila je na površinama tretiranima klorheksidinskim kavitetnim ezinficijensom značajno veća nego ona kod primijenjenog antibakterijskog samojetkajućeg sustava zasebno, samojetkajućeg adhezivnog sustava ili konvencionalnog jetkajućeg sustava kiselinom.
Svrha: Istraživanjem se željela ocijeniti mikrozatezna čvrstoća dentinske veze dvaju jednokomponentnih adhezivnih sustava te jednoga koji se jetka i ispire. Ispitanici i postupak: Zubi su bili ...nasumce podijeljeni u tri skupine kako bi se ispitali u postupku sa sljedećim adhezivnim sustavima: Adhese One®, Futurabond M® i Adper Singlebond® (kontrola). Zbog toga su korijeni i apikalni dio dna pulpne komore bili uklonjeni mikrotomom. Nakon toga su nadogradnje rezane okomito u pravokutne (≈1mm x 1mm) štapiće, te su oni testirani - uz konstantnu brzinu glave (1mm/min) - na univerzalnom stroju za ispitivanje čvrstoće. Na taj je način bio ispitan svaki adhezivni sustav. Dobilo se petnaest uzoraka i testiran je bio svaki materijal povezan s dentinom. Frakturirane površine pregledane su kako bi se odredila vrsta oštećenja. Rezultati: Čvrstoća veze Adhese One (5,83±3,13 MPa) bila je znatno niža nego Futurabonda M (15,76±4,2 MPa) (p:0,0001) i Adper Singlebonda (21,14±5,04 MPa) (p:0,0001). Također je čvrstoća veze Futurabonda M bila statistički mnogo niža nego Adper Singlebonda (p:0,003). Zaključak: Ispitani jednokomponentni adhezivni sustavi pokazali su manju zateznu čvrstoću dentinske veze nego onaj s jetkanjem i ispiranjem.
To determine the prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and related spondyloarthritides (SpA) in an adult urban population of Izmir, Turkey.
A survey was conducted of 2887 subjects aged 20 years ...or over, selected by cluster sampling. Those who responded positively to the screening questions were contacted by 2 rheumatologists and evaluated in detail to establish presence of AS (modified New York criteria) or related SpA (ESSG criteria).
In the initial screening, 2835 subjects participated; 422 were considered screening-positive and a telephone interview was done with 328 (78%). Based on their clinical history, 145 subjects were invited to the hospital and 120 (83%) agreed to do so. After detailed evaluation, 31 subjects were classified as having SpA (including 14 with AS). The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence was estimated to be 0.49% for AS (95% CI 0.26-0.85), and 1.05% for SpA (95% CI 0.70-1.50). The prevalence of AS was 0.54% in men (95% CI 0.19-1.20) and 0.44% in women (95% CI 0.19-0.88), and that of SpA was 0.88% in men (95% CI 0.42-1.59) and 1.22% in women (95% CI 0.73-1.89).
This epidemiological study suggests a high prevalence (0.49%) of AS in an adult urban population from western Turkey, which equals that of rheumatoid arthritis in the same population. The overall prevalence of SpA, including AS, was 1.05%. A minimal male predominance was noted among AS patients, which disappeared among the whole group of patients with SpA.
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