Summary
Examining clinical features of depressive episodes may help elucidating the nature of association between depression and obesity, related to specific symptoms such as appetite and weight ...changes. This meta‐analysis of observational studies evaluated whether subtypes of depression are associated with specific anthropometric profiles in adults. We searched MEDLINE, LILACS, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science databases, and Grey Literature for articles published up to October 2016 that examined depressive subtypes and adiposity measures among adults. The pooled effect size was estimated with random effects models. The PRISMA guidelines were adopted to reporting results, and this review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016035685). A total of 22 articles were included in this systematic review, of which eight had data included in the meta‐analysis, assessing 14 757 individuals with depression. Patients with atypical depression presented a 2.55 higher BMI score compared with those with melancholic depression. Subgroup analysis identified a differential distribution of anthropometric measures in studies conducted with Chinese populations. Among the remainder studies, only one reported discrepant results, possibly due to the exclusion of “weight change” in defining subtypes of depression. Atypical depression was significantly associated with elevated BMI compared with melancholic depression, deserving particular attention due to its clinical importance.
Anacardic acids are the main constituents of natural cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), obtained via the extraction of cashew shells with hexane at room temperature. This raw material presents high ...technological potential due to its various biological properties. The main components of CNSL are the anacardic acids, salicylic acid derivatives presenting a side chain of fifteen carbon atoms with different degrees of unsaturation (monoene-15:1, diene-15:2, and triene-15:3). Each constituent was isolated by column chromatography using silica gel impregnated with silver nitrate. The structures of the compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance through complete and unequivocal proton and carbon assignments. The effect of the side chain unsaturation was also evaluated in relation to antioxidant, antifungal and anticholinesterase activities, and toxicity against Artemia salina. The triene anacardic acid provided better results in antioxidant activity assessed by the inhibition of the free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), higher cytotoxicity against A. salina, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. Thus, increasing the unsaturation of the side chain of anacardic acid increases its action against free radicals, AChE enzyme, and A. salina nauplii. In relation to antifungal activity, an inverse result was obtained, and the linearity of the molecule plays an important role, with monoene being the most active. In conclusion, the changes in structure of anacardic acids, which cause differences in polarity, contribute to the increase or decrease in the biological activity assessed.
Ibrutinib is an oral covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase approved for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mantle cell lymphoma and Waldenstrӧm's ...macroglobulinemia. Ibrutinib has an increased risk of atrial fibrillation but the mechanism is unknown, and hypertension may play a role in the pathogenesis of this adverse drug reaction.
We aimed to review the risk of hypertension and atrial fibrillation as adverse events associated with ibrutinib through a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) retrieved in December 2018 on MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov. The data were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses using the risk ratio (RR) with the 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The confidence on the pooled estimates was ascertained through the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) approach.
There were 8 eligible RCTs (2580 patients), all reporting safety data of interest. Ibrutinib was associated with a significant increase in the risk of hypertension with a RR of 2.82 (95%CI 1.52-5.23) with moderate quality evidence. Ibrutinib increased significantly the risk of atrial fibrillation with a RR of 4.69 (95%CI 2.17-7.64) with high quality evidence.
Ibrutinib was associated with significantly increased risks of both hypertension and atrial fibrillation.
Abstract Apocynaceae is one of the richest flowering plant families, and the complexity of their reproductive structures and morphological diversity of the flowers has been considered central to ...understanding its evolutionary success and diversification. However, the diversity of its embryological characters is poorly known, especially in taxa that are early diverging in the family, such as the Aspidospermateae tribe. Moreover, the knowledge gap on early divergent taxa forbids the reconstruction of evolutionary trends in Apocynaceae. Here, we investigated the anther wall and pollen development of five species of Aspidosperma using conventional plant anatomy techniques. We found that the primary conditions for the Aspidosperma species are fibrous endothecium, middle layer, and secretory tapetum having one-layered and uninucleate cells, besides simultaneous cytokinesis. We also found pollen grains 4–6 colporate, alternately with pseudocolporate in all the species, with ridges formed by the thickened inequal deposition of the infratectum layer in the exine that delimits aperture regions. The differentiated deposition of exine confers a distinctive appearance to pollen grains and appears to be associated with the hydration/dehydration process during pollination. Similar deposition patterns have been identified in other genera within the tribe Aspidospermateae, suggesting that it may constitute a synapomorphy for the tribe.
The Azambuja fault is a NNE trending structure located 50 km north of Lisbon, the capital and most populous city of Portugal. The fault has been considered as a possible source for the historical, ...large earthquakes. Understanding this fault is a priority in seismic hazard evaluation of this region. The fault has a clear morphological signature. Miocene and Pliocene sediments are tilted eastward and cut by steeply dipping mesoscale fault segments, presenting reverse and normal offsets with a net downthrow to the east. Neotectonic studies indicate a Quaternary slip on the fault of 0.05–0.06 mm/year. However, no direct evidence of the Azambuja fault affecting the Pleistocene or Holocene sediments was found so far. Here, we present the findings from high-resolution seismic reflection studies using both P- and S-waves over the Holocene deposits. The detection of small-throw faulting in ductile sediments is a challenging task. We show that multiple signatures, like perturbations in the reflection hyperbolae visible in shot and CMP gathers, interruptions of reflectors in stacked sections, lateral seismic velocity variations obtained by horizon velocity analysis, all at coincident locations, strongly suggest that the activity of the Azambuja fault has affected the Holocene sediments in the study area. The lateral velocity variations are corroborated by wavepath eikonal traveltime tomography and velocity analysis supported by seismic modeling. By means of 2D viscoelastic modeling, we explain the absence of fault-related diffractions and negligible back-scattered energy from the fault. Using data from nearby boreholes, we find that the 15 ka old alluvium cover has indeed been disturbed by the presence of shallow fault strands. Considering the estimated vertical throws and the empirical relationships between fault length, co-seismic rupture and magnitude, a slip rate of 0.07 mm/y, slightly larger than previously thought, is expected for this fault.
•The study Azambuja fault activity in the Holocene.•Use of high-resolution shear-wave seismic reflection data.•Seismic first arrival tomography and 2D viscoelastic modeling to confirm interpretations.•The fault activity in the Holocene strongly supported by the data.•A slip-rate of 0.07 mm\y is inferred.
In foods, high levels of biogenic amines (BA) are the result of microbial metabolism that could be affected by temperatures and storage conditions. Thus, the level of BA is commonly used as an ...indicator of food safety and quality. This manuscript outlines the development of laser scribed graphene electrodes, with locally sourced materials, for reagent-free food safety biosensing. To fabricate the biosensors, the graphene surface was functionalized with copper microparticles and diamine oxidase, purchased from a local supermarket; and then compared to biosensors fabricated with analytical grade materials. The amperometric biosensor exhibits good electrochemical performance, with an average histamine sensitivity of 23.3 µA/mM, a lower detection limit of 11.6 µM, and a response time of 7.3 s, showing similar performance to biosensors constructed from analytical grade materials. We demonstrated the application of the biosensor by testing total BA concentration in fish paste samples subjected to fermentation with lactic acid bacteria. Biogenic amines concentrations prior to lactic acid fermentation were below the detection limit of the biosensor, while concentration after fermentation was 19.24 ± 8.21 mg histamine/kg, confirming that the sensor was selective in a complex food matrix. The low-cost, rapid, and accurate device is a promising tool for biogenic amine estimation in food samples, particularly in situations where standard laboratory techniques are unavailable, or are cost prohibitive. This biosensor can be used for screening food samples, potentially limiting food waste, while reducing chances of foodborne outbreaks.
Introduction and hypothesis
Pelvic floor disorders urinary (UI) and/or fecal C (FI) incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse (POP) may have a significant impact in womens’ quality of life (QoL). The ...Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) and Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) help assess these disorders; however, we do not have them culturally translated in the Brazilian Portuguese language.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed of 185 women with pelvic floor disorders (PFD group) and 65 healthy patients (control group). A translated, pilot-tested, Brazilian Portuguese version were given to these women. Internal consistency, construct validity, and floor/ceiling effect were assessed. Test–retest was performed in 79 patients after 4 weeks, and responsiveness was assessed in 42 patients after surgical treatment.
Results
Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was adequate between PFD and control groups on the PFDI-20 (0.816-0.844) and PFIQ-7 (0.823-0.846). Test–retest reliability was also adequate intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.803-0.843. Subscales Pelvic Organ Prolapse Impact Questionnaire (POPIQ-7) and Colorectal–Anal Impact Questionnaire (CRAIQ-7) from the PFIQ-7 demonstrated floor effect (42.70, 60, and 18.38 %, respectively) in the PFD group, with no influence at total score. No ceiling effect was observed. Construct validity was adequate at all correlations between clinical symptoms and subscales in both questionnaires in both groups. Responsiveness was demonstrated by a statistically significant reduction in scale/subscale scores from PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 after surgical treatment.
Conclusion
The PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 presented adequate cultural translation and are reliable and valid in the Brazilian Portuguese language.
Aim
To assess correlations between the characteristics of the nursing practice environment, job outcomes and safety climate.
Background
The nursing practice environment is critical to the well‐being ...of professionals and to patient safety, as highlighted by national and international studies; however, there is a lack of evidence regarding this theme in paediatric units.
Methods
A cross‐sectional study, in two paediatric hospitals in Brazil, was conducted from December 2013 to February 2014. For data collection, we used the Nursing Work Index – Revised, Safety Attitudes Questionnaire – Short Form 2006 and the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and for analysis Spearman's correlation coefficient and structural equation modelling were used.
Results
Two hundred and sixty‐seven professional nurses participated in the study. Autonomy, control over the work environment and the relationship between nursing and medical staff are factors associated with job outcomes and safety climate and can be considered their predictors.
Conclusions
Professional nurses with greater autonomy, good working relationships and control over their work environment have lower levels of emotional exhaustion, higher job satisfaction, less intention of leaving the job and the safety climate is positive.
Implications for nursing management
Initiatives to improve the professional practice environment can improve the safety of paediatric patients and the well‐being of professional nurses.
EBV is a lymphotropic virus, member of the
Herpesviridae
family that asymptomatically infects more than 90% of the human population, establishing a latent infection in memory B cells. EBV exhibits ...complex survival and persistence dynamics, replicating its genome through the proliferation of infected B cells or production of the lytic virions. Many studies have documented the infection of T/NK cells by EBV in healthy individuals during and after primary infection. This feature has been confirmed in humanized mouse models. Together these results have challenged the hypothesis that the infection of T/NK cells
per se
by EBV could be a triggering event for lymphomagenesis. Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive nodal T- and NK-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) are two EBV-associated lymphomas of T/NK cells. These two lymphomas display different clinical, histological and molecular features. However, they share two intriguing characteristics: the association with EBV and a geographical prevalence in East Asia and Latin America. In this review we will discuss the genetic characteristics of EBV in order to understand the possible role of this virus in the oncogenesis of ENKTCL and NKTCL. In addition, the main immunohistological, molecular, cytogenetic and epigenetic differences between ENKTCL and NKTCL will be discussed, as well as EBV differences in latency patterns and other viral molecular characteristics.
Resumo O texto é resultado do mapeamento, feito por meio da análise de documentos e notícias disponíveis em arquivo ou na web, de controvérsias científicas a respeito da regulamentação da ética em ...pesquisa com seres humanos no Brasil. Apresentam-se as controvérsias referentes à regulamentação da ética em pesquisa com seres humanos no Brasil, desde a implementação e operacionalização de princípios bioéticos com a Resolução 01/1988, e as sucessivas mudanças legais ao longo do tempo até a visibilização das controvérsias em relação às Ciências Humanas, Sociais e Sociais Aplicadas (CHSSA). Em um segundo momento, são apresentadas as controvérsias advindas dessa medida e o desenrolar do debate público entre a CONEP e os atores das CHSSA presentes no GT Ciências Humanas até o advento da resolução CNS510/2016. Por fim, são apresentadas as seguintes especificidades da pesquisa em ciências humanas e sociais e suas implicações para a dimensão ética: lógica argumentativa, relacional e intersubjetiva, transparência, vulnerabilidade e proteção aos participantes. Conclui-se que a dimensão ética da pesquisa não é separada da dimensão metodológica de cada campo do conhecimento. Além disso, constatou-se que o alinhamento dos pesquisadores em ciências humanas e sociais na rede da regulamentação ética é frágil.
Abstract This study results from the mapping, done by means of the analysis of documents and news available in files or at the web, of scientific controversies related to the regulation of the ethics in research with human participants in Brazil. Thus, it presents the controversies related to the regulation of ethics in research with human participants in Brazil, since the implementation and operationalization of bioethics principles with the Federal Resolution 01/1988, and the successive legal changes over time till the visibility of the controversies in relation to the Humanities, Social and Social Applied Sciences (CHSSA). Later, it will present the controversies resulting from that measure and the unfolding of the public debate between CONEP and the actors of CHSSA present at the Human Sciences Work Group till the advent of the Resolution CNS 510/2016. Finally, it will present the following specificities of the research in human and social sciences and their implications to the ethic dimension: argumentative, relational and subjective logic; transparence; vulnerability, and protection of the participants. The conclusion is that the ethic dimension of the research is not separated from the methodologic dimension of each field of knowledge. Besides, it was verified that the alignment of the researchers in human and social sciences in the net of the ethic regulation is fragile.
PDF
