Neodređenost i neizvjesnost duljine rada u inozemstvu, službeno eufemistički obilježene kao "privremenost", dugogodišnjim odgađanjem povratka u domovinu transponiraju se u stalnost (trajnost), pa i u ...uzimanje stranog državljanstva (naturalizaciju). Ovom procesu pridonose razni čimbenici, u prvom redu nezadovoljavajući gospodarski i socijalni razvitak u domovini – s jedne strane, ali i postignuti životni standard, spajanje obitelji i novorođena djeca u inozemstvu – s druge strane. Vanjski migranti iz Republike Hrvatske stapaju se u stranim statistikama s ostalim Jugoslavenima, pa je o učestalosti pojave moguće suditi tek na temelju grubih procjena. Opravdano se, ipak, pretpostavlja da je naturalizacija građana Hrvatske najčešća u Njemačkoj i Austriji, ali i u Švicarskoj. Ratna zbivanja u Hrvatskoj, i njihove posljedice, mogle bi intenzivirati ovaj proces.
Rad pokušava predstaviti historijski pregled prostorne pokretljivosti stanovništva Imotske krajine od pada pod Turke do današnjih dana. Geopolitička važnost ovog prostora (vojničke granice, ...»serhata«) uvjetuje da on često mijenja gospodare i dolazi pod vlast čas jednih, čas drugih. Ta su višestoljetna preganjanja susjednih vladara i dinasta izazivali nespokojstvo imotskog puka, pa je onda razumljiva i njihova spremnost za pomicanje s toga nemirnog teritorija. Novi vladar dovodi i nove ljude; imanja mijenjaju gospodare. Pa onda opet, iznova! Siromašni krš i nemirna granica razlog su niskog stupnja gospodarske razvijenosti. To je nova paradigma migracija stanovnika. Očituje se i u kraćim i u daljim relacijama. To neprestano migriranje ušlo je u svijest, u historijsko pamćenje i ovodobnih stanovnika Imotske krajine, koju podjednako obilježava visok obujam unutrašnjih i vanjskih migracija, te iseljeništva. Iako naučeno na neprestano kretanje, ovo stanovništvo ima jak osjećaj pripadnosti zavičaju, jer kako reče jedan njihov književnik (Raos), ne zaboravljaju da »ako i nevenu korijenje porežeš – uvenut će«. Uvijek spremni otići, još su spremniji vratiti se.
Autor iznosi osnovne povijesne podatke relevantne za pregled doseljavanja u ovu najveću južnoameričku zemlju (od prvih španjolskih i portugalskih konkvistadora, dovođenja afričkih robova do ...suvremenih ekonomskih imigranata u uvjetima kapitalističke robne proizvodnje). Posebno se osvrće na početak doseljavanja iz južnoslavenskih krajeva i pokušava procijeniti obujam useljeničkih tokova, odnosno njegove kontingente u pojedinim razdobljima. Na kraju, utvrđeni su podaci u sklopu Programa istraživanja međunarodnih migracija u Latinskoj Americi (IMILA) koji se odnose na brazilske useljenike iz Jugoslavije (stanje 1980).
Among the factors which determine the success of pupils at school, conditions
in the family and the immediate social community take an important
place. Differences in these conditions tend to lead to ...differences in the pupils’
success.
As these conditions vary greatly, particularly in primary schools in major
centres which are attended both by children resident in the town and by those
who commute from places in the surrounding area, an investigation of the effect
of these conditions on the pupils’ success at school will help to explain why the
average results achieved by commuters are poorer than those of non-commuters.
Enquiries made recently in an elementary school revealed that these two
groups of pupils also show differences in other qualities which have an effect
on their studies. In view of the differences existing between the respective conditions in which
commuters and non-commuters live and study and of the importance of these
conditions for the success of their studies one can expect greater differences in
the success of the two groups. While differences in knowledge undoubtedly exist,
ihev are not fully reflected in the school marks owing to the different criteria
applied in country schools in comparison with town schools, because teachers do
not seem to give adequate consideration to the conditions under which pupils
study.
Selfmanagement means participation of the widest circle of people and it is
influenced by the level of adoption of information and the attitudes of people. Due
attention has been given to this ...problem in the industry by many researchers, while
in agricultural-industrial enterprises nearly nobody studied it, though the problem of
transformation of the former peasant into an industrial worker is still actual.
37
The investigation of this problem covered 280 workers selected at random in six
agricultural-industrial enterprises. Beside this basic problem the investigation tried Lo
answer the following questions: what is the relation between the degree of adopted
information and qualification of worker, his sex, membership in selfmanagement organs
and League of Communists, years of employment, income and attitudes? How important
are some characteristics of workers which influence their attitudes?
Interpretation of the results obtained by this investigation has no pretension to
draw final and categorical conclusions, but only to point out certain tendencies which
should be investigated further on in details. Still the obtained results enables the following
conclusions:
1. The level of adopted information in 6 investigated enterprises is low and the
primary factor of the process of adoption is the qualification of workers.
2. Workers of all qualifications, regardless of other characteristics, have positive
attitudes towards the further development of selfmanagement and wish to participate
actively in it, primarily in order to help solving problems in their enterpiise.
3. There is no statistically significant correlation between the workers’ attitudes towards their enterprise and the selfmanagement.
