We use a high harmonic generated supercontinuum in the soft X-ray region to measure X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra in polythiophene (poly(3-hexylthiophene)) films at multiple ...absorption edges. A few-cycle carrier-envelope phase-stable laser pulse centered at 1800 nm was used to generate a stable soft X-ray supercontinuum, with amplitude gating limiting the generated pulse duration to a single optical half-cycle. We report a quantitative transmission measurement of the sulfur L
2,3 edge over the range 160–200 eV and the carbon K edge from 280 to 330 eV. These spectra show all the features previously reported in the XANES spectra of polythiophene, but for the first time they are measured with a source that has an approximately 1 fs pulse duration. This study opens the door to measurements that can fully time-resolve the photoexcited electronic dynamics in these systems.
The possibility of suddenly ionized molecules undergoing extremely fast electron hole (or hole) dynamics prior to significant structural change was first recognized more than 20 years ago and termed ...charge migration. The accurate probing of ultrafast electron hole dynamics requires measurements that have both sufficient temporal resolution and can detect the localization of a specific hole within the molecule. We report an investigation of the dynamics of inner valence hole states in isopropanol where we use an x-ray pump–x-ray probe experiment, with site and state-specific probing of a transient hole state localized near the oxygen atom in the molecule, together with an ab initio theoretical treatment. We record the signature of transient hole dynamics and make the first tentative observation of dynamics driven by frustrated Auger-Meitner transitions. We verify that the effective hole lifetime is consistent with our theoretical prediction. This state-specific measurement paves the way to widespread application for observations of transient hole dynamics localized in space and time in molecules and thus to charge transfer phenomena that are fundamental in chemical and material physics.
Synopsis
A proposed mechanism of axillary malodor formation is bacterial interaction with secreted odor carrier proteins leading to the release of volatile odor molecules. One primary volatile odor ...molecule, 3‐methyl‐2‐hexenoic acid, is secreted into the apocrine glandular lumen bound to two carrier proteins known as apocrine secretion odor‐binding proteins (ASOB1 and ASOB2). The objective of this study was to develop a biologic method to detect and quantify ASOB2 in vitro and on intact axillary skin. The proteins present in pure apocrine secretion were separated via SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), electro‐blotted, and reacted with antibodies to detect ASOB2. The results of this study demonstrate that ASOB2 shares immunologically homologous epitopes with the human serum protein, apolipoprotein‐D (apo‐D). Axillary secretions and baseline microflora were collected from two groups of panelists 6 h after showering with a non‐antibacterial soap. The extracts were fractionated by SDS–PAGE. ASOB2 was detected selectively by Western blot using a monoclonal mouse‐antihuman apo‐D antibody and quantified on human axillary skin using the presented methods. Axillary ASOB2 concentration varied among individuals (<0.1–4.1 µg cm−2) with significant differences (P < 0.05, anova) seen between those of Chinese descent and non‐Chinese descent. Panelists of Chinese ancestry did not show significantly lower baseline microflora levels when compared to non‐Chinese panelists.
Résumé
Un mécanisme proposé de formation axillaire de malodor est interaction bactérienne avec les protéines sécrétées de porteur d'odeur menant au dégagement des molécules volatiles d'odeur. Une molécule volatile primaire d'odeur, l'acide 3‐methyl‐2‐hexenoic, est sécrétée dans le lumen glandulaire d'apocrine liéà deux protéines de porteur connues sous le nom de protéines Odeur‐Liantes de sécrétion d'Apocrine (ASOB1 et ASOB2). L'objectif de cette etude était de développer une méthode biologique pour détecter et mesurer ASOB2 in vitro et sur la peau axillaire intacte. Les protéines actuelles dans la sécrétion pure d'apocrine ont été séparées par l'intermédiaire de l'électrophorèse de gel de SDS–POLYACRYLAMIDE, électro‐épongées, et mises à réagir avec des anticorps pour détecter ASOB2. Les résultats de cette etude démontrent que ASOB2 partage immunologiquement les epitopes homologues avec la protéine humaine de sérum, l'apolipoprotein‐D (l'apo‐D). Des sécrétions axillaires et la flore microbienne de ligne de base ont été rassemblées de deux groupes de membres du jury pendant 6 heures après l'averse avec du savon de nonantibactérien. Les extraits ont été fractionnés par SDS–PAGE. ASOB2 a été détecté sélectivement par la tache d'Western en utilisant un anticorps souris‐antihumain monoclonal d'apolipoprotein‐D et mesuré sur la peau axillaire humaine en utilisant les méthodes présentées. La concentration ASOB2 axillaire a changé parmi des individus (<0.1–4.1 µg cm−2) avec les différences significatives (P < 0.05, anova) vues entre ceux de la descente chinoise et de la descente non‐Chinoise. Les membres du jury de l'ascendance chinoise n'ont pas montré des niveaux sensiblement plus bas de flore microbienne de ligne de base une fois comparés aux membres du jury non‐Chinois.
We use a high harmonic generated supercontinuum in the soft X-ray region to measure X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra in polythiophene (poly(3-hexylthiophene)) films at multiple ...absorption edges. A few-cycle carrier-envelope phase-stable laser pulse centered at 1800 nm was used to generate a stable soft X-ray supercontinuum, with amplitude gating limiting the generated pulse duration to a single optical half-cycle. We report a quantitative transmission measurement of the sulfur
edge over the range 160-200 eV and the carbon
edge from 280 to 330 eV. These spectra show all the features previously reported in the XANES spectra of polythiophene, but for the first time they are measured with a source that has an approximately 1 fs pulse duration. This study opens the door to measurements that can fully time-resolve the photoexcited electronic dynamics in these systems.
Hook of the hamate fractures in athletes Parker, R D; Berkowitz, M S; Brahms, M A ...
The American journal of sports medicine,
11/1986, Volume:
14, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Five patients have been treated for six hook of the hamate fractures over the past 8 years by the authors. Of these, four patients were professional baseball players and one patient was an ...accountant. All fractures occurred while playing baseball; four while swinging a bat, and two secondary to a fall on an outstretched hand. Roentgenographic diagnosis was made by carpal tunnel view alone in two, oblique and carpal tunnel view in one, bone scan and subsequent carpal tunnel view in two, and computerized tomography in one fracture. Five of the fractures were through the base of the hook, while one was toward the tip. All patients ultimately underwent hook resection, four early and two late. The patient who sustained the tip of the hook fracture underwent resection of the fracture only to refracture the same hook at its base 6 months later. All patients returned to their previous level of activity in 6 to 8 weeks after surgery without loss of function. Hence, it is the authors' opinion that the entire hook should be resected to the base of the hamate as the primary form of treatment in hook of the hamate fractures.
The possibility of suddenly ionized molecules undergoing extremely fast electron hole dynamics prior to significant structural change was first recognized more than 20 years ago and termed charge ...migration. The accurate probing of ultrafast electron hole dynamics requires measurements that have both sufficient temporal resolution and can detect the localization of a specific hole within the molecule. We report an investigation of the dynamics of inner valence hole states in isopropanol where we use an x-ray pump/x-ray probe experiment, with site and state-specific probing of a transient hole state localized near the oxygen atom in the molecule, together with an ab initio theoretical treatment. We record the signature of transient hole dynamics and make the first observation of dynamics driven by frustrated Auger-Meitner transitions. We verify that the hole lifetime is consistent with our theoretical prediction. This state-specific measurement paves the way to widespread application for observations of transient hole dynamics localized in space and time in molecules and thus to charge transfer phenomena that are fundamental in chemical and material physics.
Surface replacement, popularized in the early 1970s has fallen into disfavor by much of the orthopedic community. To date, the authors' experience with 29 cemented total articular replacement ...arthroplasties (TARAs) in 25 patients has been quite favorable. Factors associated with these favorable results include: a physiologic age less than 60, good bone quality, viability of the remaining femoral head, and preservation of the acetabular subchondral plate. The mean age of cases in this study was 52 years, with patient follow up ranging between 3.5 and 7 years; there were two failures. Today, although conventional cementless total hip arthroplasty seems to be in vogue, real and potential problems exist. These concerns, in conjunction with the good results reported in this series, should encourage the orthopedic surgeon to take a second look at resurfacing arthroplasty, especially in the select group of patients defined in this article. Pending the long-term results of non-cemented prostheses the surgeon may even consider using cementless TARA components.
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