Tremor refractory to pharmacological therapy significantly reduces the patient´s quality of life, often leading to early retirement and social isolation. Gamma knife (GK) stereotactic radiosurgery of ...the unilateral thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus is an advanced, minimally invasive surgical procedure for symptomatic tremor suppression. Due to the restricted availability of this type of treatment, literature data on its efficacy and safety are lacking. We present two patients with severe, disabling tremor (one with parkinsonian and one with essential tremor) successfully treated with GK thalamotomy, performed in Croatia for the first time. GK thalamotomy should be considered in patients with refractory tremors and contraindications for deep brain stimulation.
•Celiac disease can be presented with paroxismal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD).•Unexplained movement disorder should be tested on gluten sensitivity.•Gluten free diet is potential terapy for PNKD ...associated with gluten sensitivity.
Paroxismal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) is a rare movement disorder manifesting as choreatic/dystonic movements, usually lasting from minutes to up to 4 h, with perserved consciousness during attacks. Primary PNKD are idiopathic or genetic disorders while secondary PNKD are associated with various neurologic and medical conditions. We present a case with PNKD and right sided hemidystonia in association with celiac disease, responsive to gluten-free diet, not previously reported in available literature.
In conclusion, diagnostic tests for celiac disease should be a part of etiological investigations in patients with otherwise unexplained movement disorders including PKND. Gluten free diet could produce a favorable clinical response in those patients.
Pragmatika i leksikografija Karlić, Virna; Bago, Petra
Rasprave Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje,
2020, Volume:
46, Issue:
2
Journal Article, Web Resource
Peer reviewed
Open access
U radu se analiziraju leksikografski opisi deiktičkih izraza u suvremenim jednojezičnim rječnicima hrvatskoga jezika. Posebna pozornost posvećena je deikticima „na granici punoznačnosti” (Kordić ...2002) – skupini leksema čiji opis leksikografima predstavlja poseban izazov jer se njihovo puno značenje/referent uspostavlja tek u kontekstu realizacije konkretnoga iskaza. Rad je podijeljen u tri dijela. Uvodno poglavlje posvećeno je definiciji, obilježjima i vrstama deikse, dok se u središnjemu dijelu rada analiziraju primjeri rječničkih definicija osobnih (
ja
), društvenih (
ti/Vi
), mjesnih (
ovdje
), vremenskih (
sada
) i diskursnih (
sada
i
ovdje
) deiktika iz triju hrvatskih jednojezičnika (
Hrvatski jezični portal
,
Rječnik hrvatskoga jezika
Vladimira Anića te
Veliki rječnik hrvatskoga standardnog jezika
skupine autora). U završnome se poglavlju iznose zaključci provedene analize te se ukazuje na prednosti primjene (korpusne) pragmatike u leksikografiji.
The paper deals with the problem of the lexicographic description of deictic expressions in contemporary monolingual dictionaries of the Croatian language. The term “deixis” refers to a group of language units that indicate elements of situational and/or discourse context in the utterance ̶such as participants, time, and place of the speech event (Lyons 1977). Deictic expressions belong to a group of lexemes that are especially challenging for lexicographers because their full meaning or referent is established or identified only within the specific speech event. For these reasons, the characteristics of deixis are a constant reminder of the fact that natural languages were primarily designed for use in face-to-face interaction, and that a language can only be analyzed to a certain extent without taking into account these facts (Levinson 1983). In this paper, we conduct an analysis of the definitions of meanings and descriptions of the functions of deictic expressions in Croatian lexicography based on selected representative examples of personal, temporal, spatial, discourse, and social deixis. We identify the shortcomings of the selected dictionaries and suggest possible solutions to the identified problems by applying the methods of corpus pragmatics.
Citotoxin-associated gene-A (CagA)-positive
Helicobacter pylori
strains have been associated with occurrence and destabilization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques. However, data on the relationship ...between CagA-positive
H. pylori
infection and carotid artery instability are lacking. Thus, the role of CagA antigen in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaques was investigated. A total of 64 patients with advanced carotid artery stenosis, including 33 patients with symptomatic and 31 patients with asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis, verified by duplex ultrasound, all undergoing carotid endarterectomy, were studied. The control group consisted of 65 subjects without a history or presence of vascular diseases. Serology for
H. pylori
and CagA antigen was assessed in all participants. Specimens of atherosclerotic plaques obtained from all patients during carotid endarterectomy were analyzed immunohistochemically using anti-CagA monoclonal antibodies. The ultrasonographic plaque characteristics were also estimated. CagA antibody titers were significantly higher in symptomatic patients (8.8; range, 5.8–32.7) compared to asymptomatic patients (4.7; range, 2.1–8.8;
P
= 0.005) and the control group (5.0; range 2.2–7.9;
P
< 0.001). There was significant difference in echolucency (≥25% soft material) between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups (
P
= 0.034) by ultrasonographic evaluation. Positive immunoreactivity between monoclonal CagA antibodies and antigens within atherosclerotic specimens was significantly higher among symptomatic patients compared to asymptomatic patients (97.0 vs. 74.2%;
P
= 0.009).
H. pylori
may play a role in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic process due to autoimmune mechanisms and even contribute to destabilization of carotid atherosclerotic plaques.
The most common neurological symptoms in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are headache, myalgia, encephalopathy, dizziness, dysgeusia and anosmia, making more than 90 percent of neurological ...manifestations of COVID-19. Other neurological manifestations such as stroke, movement disorder symptoms or epileptic seizures are rare but rather devastating, with possible lethal outcome. The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of acute symptomatic seizures among COVID-19 patients, while secondary aim was to determine their possible etiology. Out of 5382 patients with COVID-19 admitted to Dubrava University Hospital from November 1, 2020 until June 1, 2021, 38 (seizure rate 0.7%) of them had acute symptomatic seizures. Of these 38 patients, 29 (76.3%) had new-onset epileptic seizures and nine (23.7%) patients with previous epilepsy history had breakthrough seizures during COVID-19. Although acute symptomatic seizures are an infrequent complication of COVID-19, seizure risk must be considered in these patients, particularly in the group of patients with a severe course of the disease. Accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines may contribute to the occurrence of seizures in patients with COVID-19, but seizures may also be secondary to primary brain pathology related to COVID-19, such as stroke or encephalitis.
Highlights • Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are common in early, untreated Parkinson’s disease (PD). • Higher prevalence and different NMS domains are present in untreated PD patients compared to healthy ...controls. • The available non-motor scales (NMSS and NMSQ) should be introduced in everyday work with PD patients.
Enciklopedička djela čine sintezu znanja područja koje obrađuju, nerijetko i ukupnih ljudskih dosega u vremenu u kojem nastaju. Važan dio njihova koncepta čini strukturiranost sadržaja radi lakšega ...pronalaženja, razumijevanja i korištenja željenom informacijom. Važan element te strukturiranosti mogu činiti unificirani tablični prikazi podataka. ovaj rad istražuje zastupljenost, način organizacije i funkcionalnost tabličnih prikaza u nizu enciklopedičkih djela, a osobito onih za koja je utvrđeno da se koriste tabličnim prikazima kao elementima strukturiranosti. Istraživanje je provedeno na svjetskim enciklopedičkim izdanjima (
Encyclopaedia Britannica
,
Encyclopedia Americana
,
Chambersʼs Encyclopaedia
,
World Book Encyclopedia
,
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
,
La Grande Encyclopédie
,
Wikipedija
) te projektima hrvatske enciklopedike (
Hrvatska enciklopedija
,
Proleksis enciklopedija
i
Hrvatska tehnička enciklopedija
). Sadržajnom analizom enciklopedičkih projekata utvrđeni su zastupljenost i sadržaj tabličnih prikaza te različitosti i sličnosti vrsta tih prikaza i njihova sadržaja. Također, analizirane su funkcionalnosti takva oblika strukturiranoga sadržaja u mrežnim izdanjima nekih projekata. Pokazalo se kako unificirani tablični prikazi koji prate pojedine tipske članke najviše pridonose strukturiranosti enciklopedičkih djela te otvaraju nove mogućnosti za unutarnje i vanjsko povezivanje sadržaja, razvoja ontologija i sl. evolucija tabličnih prikaza u enciklopedičkim izdanjima, od pukih prikaza usustavljenih podataka u tradicionalnim (tiskanim) izdanjima do sastavnica elemenata strukture mrežnih izdanja, otvara nove mogućnosti u razvoju enciklopedike i dovodi do promjena u pristupu izvedbi mrežnih enciklopedičkih projekata.
Encyclopedic works are a synthesis of knowledge of a certain field of interest, and often of the whole human achievement at the time in which they arise. As highly informative works of a tertiary type, an important part of their concept is content structure, the purpose of which is to make them easier to understand and use. This paper explores the extent of tables, their means of organization, and their functionality in encyclopedic works. This research was conducted on well-known traditional (printed) encyclopedic works, such as the
Encyclopaedia Britannica
,
Encyclopedia Americana
,
Chambers’s Encyclopaedia
,
World Book Encyclopedia
,
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
,
La Grande Encyclopédie
, as well as croatian encyclopedic works:
Croatian Encyclopedia
,
Proleksis Encyclopedia
,
Croatian Encyclopedia of Technology
. Content analysis was conducted on tables in encyclopedic projects as important components of the structure of relevant data, providing an overview of the extent of tables and their content in selected encyclopedic works. by comparing the results of the content analysis of multiple encyclopedic works, differences, and similarities in table types and their content are shown to indicate possibilities and requisites when compiling such highly structured content. Furthermore, insight is provided into the functionalities of such structured content in online editions of some of these encyclopedic works as well as of
Wikipedia
as the most commonly used online encyclopaedia. The aim of this paper is to present the evolution of tables in encyclopedic works, from the mere rendering of systematized data in traditional works to tables as elements of structure in online works that can be used to develop ontologies, this, in turn, generates new possibilities in the development of encyclopedic studies and a new approach to the creation of online encyclopedic works.
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common in individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD). Donepezil and memantine are both widely used for the treatment of moderate AD.
To ...evaluate the effects of donepezil and memantine in relieving BPSD in individuals with moderate AD.
We conducted a prospective, randomized, 6-month clinical trial involving 85 individuals with moderate AD divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 42) was treated with donepezil; group 2 (n = 43) was treated with memantine. We used the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) to assess the prevalence and severity of BPSD at baseline and after 6 months of treatment with donepezil or memantine.
The two groups' baseline characteristics, including age, sex, mean length of education, and disease duration, were comparable, as were their baseline Mini-Mental State Examination scores. The NPI Total score improved from baseline to month 6 in both groups (P < 0.0001). Analyses of the NPI subdomains revealed that both donepezil treatment and memantine treatment produced statistically significant improvement in all of the NPI domains except euphoria and apathy, for which no improvement was observed after memantine treatment. Both treatments were well tolerated, with mostly mild and transient adverse effects.
Specific drugs for AD, including donepezil and memantine, may be effective in treating BPSD in individuals with moderate AD, with a favorable safety profile.
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