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O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de realizar a avaliação parasitológica, laboratorial e do desenvolvimento ponderal do uso do óleo de Neem em ovinos. Foram utilizados 32 ovinos mestiços Santa Inês divididos em dois grupos (C - Controle e T - tratados com óleo de Neem), randomizados de acordo com seu peso vivo, volume globular e número de ovos por gramas de fezes, das análises realizadas previamente ao começo do experimento. Os animais T receberam 2,5mL por kg de peso vivo do óleo de Neem por via oral com duas administrações em intervalos de 14 dias. No dia da aplicação e a cada sete dias após o tratamento foram feitos exames coprológicos. Pesagens, avaliação da condição corporal exames hematológicos e bioquímicos foram realizadas individualmente a cada quatorze dias. Os resultados demonstram que a utilização do óleo de Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) na quantidade administrada e nas condições deste experimento não foi eficaz no controle dos endoparasitas gastrintestinais, não provocou alterações nos padrões hematológicos e bioquímicos e nem comprometeu o ganho de peso e o escore corporal dos ovinos
The experiment was conducted to investigate the potential anti-parasitic Neem in sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal helminths and protozoa in grazing management conditions, to evaluate the reduction of the values of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) after treatment determine the population dynamics of endoparasites by fecal culture and to evaluate the biochemical, weight gain and body condition. We used 32 Santa Inez crossbred sheep divided into two groups (C - Control and T - treated with Neem oil), uniform in weight and in accordance with the results of the packed cell volume and number of eggs per gram of feces, the analyzes prior to the start of the experiment. T animals received 2.5 ml per kg body weight of the Neem Oil orally with two administrations at intervals of 14 days. On the day of application and every seven days after treatment were done stool tests. Weight measurements, assessment of body condition hematological and biochemical examinations were performed individually for every fourteen days. The results demonstrate that the use of Neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) administered in the amount and conditions of this experiment was not effective in controlling gastrointestinal endoparasites, caused no changes in hematological and biochemical standards and not compromise the weight gain and body condition score of sheep
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This ...cross-sectional study with a populational basis investigated the prevalence and
factors associated to overweight of children under 5 years old in Rio Grande (n=384).
Overweight was defined as weight/height ³2 z-scores of NCHS standard. Prevalence
ratio of overweight were estimated for socioeconomical, demographic conditions,
immediate social environment, feeding and health events of the child and the mother`s
body mass index (BMI). Overweight prevalence was 15.4%. In the final hierarchic
model, the chance of being overweight was positively associated with the child`s age
increase (12-23 months old, PR=1.78, CI95%0.39-8.0; 24-35 months old, PR=1.5,
CI95% 0.31-7.19; 36-47 months old, PR=2.34, CI95% 0,56-9.74; 48-59 months old,
PR=2.33, IC95% 0.62-8.68) and to maternal obesity (BMI>30 Kg/m2, PR= 5.28,
CI95%1,59 17.5; BMI 25-29.9 Kg/m2, PR=3.7 IC95%0.78-17.5; BMI 20-24.9kg/m2,
PR= 3.29, CI95% 0.69-15.5). The chance was higher for children who had stopped
being breastfed before 6 months old (PR=1.9; CI95% 1.08- 3.34) as compared to the
ones breastfed for 12 months or longer The mothers nutritional state and the
breastfeeding duration were predictive on determining the excessive gain of weight,
confirming the influence of the familiar environment on the development of the child
overweight
Estudo transversal de base populacional investigou a prevalência e os fatores
associados ao sobrepeso de crianças menores de cinco anos em Rio Grande (n=
384). Sobrepeso foi definido por peso/altura ≥ 2 escores-z do padrão NCHS. Razões
de prevalência de sobrepeso foram estimadas para condições socioeconômicas,
demográficas, ambiente social imediato, alimentação da criança e índice de massa
corpóreo da mãe. A prevalência de sobrepeso foi de 15,2%. No modelo hierárquico
final, a chance de sobrepeso esteve associada positivamente ao aumento da idade da
criança (12-23 meses, RP=1,78, IC95%0,39-8,0; 24-35 meses, RP=1,5, IC95% 0,31-
7,19; 36-47 meses, RC=2,34, IC95% 0,56-9,74; 48-59 meses, RP =2,33, IC95% 0,62-
8,68) e à obesidade materna (IMC>30 Kg/m2, RP= 5,28, IC95%1,59 17,5; IMC 25-
29,9 Kg/m2, RP =3,7 IC95%0,78-17,5; IMC 20-24,9kg/m2, RP = 3,29, IC95% 0,69-
15,5). A prevalência de sobrepeso foi maior para as crianças desmamadas antes dos
6 meses (RP=1,9; IC95%1,08 3,34) em relação às amamentadas por 12 meses ou
mais. O estado nutricional materno e a duração da amamentação foram preditivos na
determinação do ganho excessivo de peso, confirmando a influência do ambiente
familiar no desenvolvimento do sobrepeso do filho
Noradrenaline (NE), the main neurotransmitter released by sympathetic nerve terminals, is known to modulate the immune response. However, the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) on the ...development of autoimmune diseases is still unclear. Here, we report that the SNS limits the generation of pathogenic T cells and disease development in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis (MS). β2-Adrenergic receptor (Adrb2) signaling limits T cell autoimmunity in EAE through a mechanism mediated by the suppression of IL-2, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF production via inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER). Accordingly, the lack of Adrb2 signaling in immune cells is sufficient to abrogate the suppressive effects of SNS activity, resulting in increased pathogenic T cell responses and EAE development. Collectively, these results uncover a suppressive role for the SNS in CNS autoimmunity while they identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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•Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) limits CNS autoimmune inflammation•Adrb2 signaling in immune cells mediates the SNS effects on EAE development•Adrb2-mediated SNS suppressive effects involve ICER-driven inhibition of CD4+ T cells
Araujo et al. show that neurotransmitters released by the sympathetic nervous system regulate the generation of adaptive immune responses mitigating autoimmune inflammation within the CNS.
A cross-sectional study.
To estimate the prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in cities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, as well as to identify demographic, clinical, and lifestyle ...factors associated with AIS.
AIS is a common three-dimensional spinal deformity. Epidemiological data about the condition in the southern hemisphere are scarce, and Brazil has no public health policies to implement school-based scoliosis screening programs.
We assessed 2562 adolescents between 10 and 14 years of age. The screening procedure included measurement of the angle of trunk rotation using a scoliometer in the Adams forward bend test and the radiographic examination.
The overall prevalence of AIS was 1.5% (95% confidence interval CI: 1%-1.9%). The AIS prevalence was higher among the females than among the males-2.2% (95% CI: 1.4%-2.9%) and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.1%-0.9%), respectively. The following factors were associated with the development of AIS: being female (OR = 4.7, 95% CI: 1.8-12.2; P = 0.001) and being in the 13- to 14-year age group (OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.0-4.8; P = 0.035). Double curves and right laterality were more common (59.4% and 56.8%, respectively), although the curves were of low magnitude (75% of the curves having a Cobb angle ≤22°), as was the progression factor (≤1.2 in 75% of the cases).
The prevalence of AIS in cities within the state of São Paulo was similar to that reported in the literature, was higher among females, and was higher during puberty (13-14 years of age). Because puberty occurs later for males than for females, the recommendation to screen both sexes at 10 to 14 years of age should be reconsidered.
3.
The study examines bovine colostrum as a potent source of bioactive compounds, particularly growth factors, for tissue regeneration in humans. While previous research has hinted at therapeutic ...benefits, a comprehensive understanding of its mechanisms remains elusive, necessitating further investigation. This review analyzes nine selected scientific articles on bovine colostrum's bioactive potential in tissue regeneration. In vitro studies highlight its positive impact on cell behavior, including reduced proliferation and induced differentiation. Notably, optimal concentrations and specific colostrum components, such as extracellular vesicles and insoluble milk fat, show more favorable outcomes. In vivo studies underscore bovine colostrum as a promising natural resource for wound healing, despite some studies failing to identify associated benefits. Further research is crucial to unravel the intricate mechanisms, grasp the full potential in regenerative medicine, and develop more effective wound healing therapies. This refined understanding will pave the way for harnessing the complete regenerative potential of bovine colostrum in clinical applications.
Agriculture production has been supported especially by the use of pesticides for crop protection and pest control. Although the agricultural production has been increased by pesticides use, these ...substances also reach non-target organisms and may become a risk to the health of farmers. Several epidemiological studies in human have investigated the association between exposure to pesticides and altered serum levels of thyroid hormones, reporting both positive and negative results. Overall, the impact of pesticides on human thyroid function is still limited.
The aim of this study was to access serum levels of free thyroxin (FT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in soybean farmers in southern Brazil.
The exposed group was composed by 46 rural workers and 27 subjects not exposed to pesticides composed the control group. All subjects had blood samples collected by venipuncture in order to analyze the serum levels of FT4, TT3, TSH and BChE.
The results showed a significant decreasing in TSH and increasing in TT3 and FT4 in rural workers, compared to control group. BChE levels were lower in exposed group than in control group. The results suggest that farmers are exposed to mixtures of pesticides with endocrine disruptor properties.
•Soybean farmers and control group were studied for pesticide exposure effects.•BChE and thyroid hormones were evaluated.•BChE levels were lower in the exposed group.•TSH was increased and TT3 and FT4 decreased in soybean farmers.•Soybean farmers are exposed to BChE inhibitors and thyroid-disrupting pesticides.
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