Visual impairments are common in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), and the neuropathophysiology may suggest a potential influence on colour vision. This systematic review aimed to assess existing ...data of colour vision impairment, including chromatic discrimination and colour blindness in patients with BD. Comprehensive literature search compliant with PRISMA 2020 was conducted in Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar from inception to February 28th, 2023. Our inclusion criteria were: (1) patients with a diagnosis of bipolar I or II disorder based on DSM, ICD, or clinical diagnosis, and (2) study investigating colour vision (i.e., including colour blindness and discrimination), with (3) no restrictions on the condition of the comparator group. Study quality appraisal was performed using the NIH Study Quality Assessment Tool. Five studies from Brazil, Netherlands, and USA, with 338 patients were included. Three cross-sectional studies assessed chromatic discrimination and two case-series assessed colour blindness in patients with BD. The three cross-sectional studies support reduced chromatic discrimination during mild to moderate mania in BD when compared to healthy comparators. The latter two articles presented low evidence of an X-linked inheritance of BD. Our review indicates evidence of reduced chromatic discrimination in mild to moderate mania. However, further research is needed to validate these findings and to extend to other mood states in BD given current limitations. Future studies can benefit from further multi-institutional data, larger sample sizes, appropriate blinding, the use of biomarkers, and statistical adjustment to confounders to fully elucidate the role of chromatic discrimination in BD.
•Ongoing evidence of colour vision impairment in mild to moderate mania of bipolar disorder I.•Low evidence of genetic linkage between colour blindness and bipolar disorder.•Future studies require rigorous methodologies (i.e., biomarkers, adjusting to confounders) to validate findings.
This systematic review synthesized the existing literature to summarize colour vision disturbances experienced by patients with schizophrenia. A comprehensive literature search compliant with ...PRISMA-2020 was conducted in Medline and Embase from inception to February 28, 2023. Studies were included if they: (1) included people diagnosed with schizophrenia, (2) investigated colour vision, (3) had a comparator with or without schizophrenia. Study quality appraisal was performed using the NIH Study Quality Assessment Tool. Seven studies of fair quality with 695 patients were included, of whom, 46.5% (n = 323) patients were diagnosed with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. Compared to healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia either made more mistakes in discriminating between colours, or were delayed in recognizing colours. One study found that Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) scores correlated weakly with error scores related to colour vision impairments. The most common shortcomings were lack of sample size justification (k = 7, 100%), and lack of blinding (k = 7, 100%). Our review indicates early evidence of colour vision deficits among patients with schizophrenia, and an unclear relationship between severity of schizophrenia with colour vision deficits. Possible mechanisms may include alterations in retinal dopamine transmission or schizophrenia-related cognitive deficits interacting with colour vision outcomes. Future studies may benefit from large registry analyses of patients with various schizophrenia spectrum disorders, analyzing ocular parameters (e.g., OCT), collecting data on cognitive impairment, and pursuing multivariate analyses to elucidate mechanisms for schizophrenia-related colour vision changes.
This is the repository containing the code used to obtain the results shown in Bellato M, Cappellato M, Longhin F, Del Vecchio C, Brancaccio G, Cattelan AM, Brun P, Salaris C, Castagliuolo I, Di ...Camillo B. "Uncover a microbiota signature of upper respiratory tract in patients with SARS-CoV-2+" Sci Rep 13, 16867 (2023).
We characterized through 16S rDNA-seq the microbiota in the upper airways of 192 subjects with a positive nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 to identify a microbial signature predictive of disease progression. Patients were divided in groups based on the presence of symptoms, the level of pneumonia, and whether or not they needed oxygen therapy or intubation.
In the GitLab repository here there are all the scripts used to perform the preprocessing step and the downstream analysis. The GitLab repository (version 1.0) contains also the Docker image microbiomecovid:1.0.0 that can be used to reproduce the results shown in the paper (see the instruction here).
Here in Zenodo you can find the microbiomecovid_data.zip file containing two folders that need to be unzipped and put in the microbiomecovid local repository, downloaded from GitLab.
In particular, the original_data folder contains:
Raw_data: a folder with two FASTQ files for each sample, i.e., forward (R1) and reverse (R2) reads.
Metadata.xlsx: the table containing information on the - anonymized - subjects involved in the study.
QC Report.pdf: The report provided by the sequencing center.
Additionally, in the output folder, the following items can be found:
Preprocessing: a folder containing all the output file from step1 to step7, namely:
create input data for QIIME2;
import data in QIIME2;
remove primers;
denoising and imputation;
taxonomy classification;
phylogenetic tree reconstruction;
collapse at specific taxonomic level and normalize data.
Analysis: a folder containing all the output files form step8 to step10 namely:
alpha and beta diversity results;
DA_output: a folder containing the differential abundance analysis performed for each taxonomic level and for each covariate;
Network_output: a folder containing the sparCC and Cytoscape networks and results.
For more info about all the bioinformatic pipeline see the GitLab repository.
Remember to set the path as ABSOLUTE_PATH_MICROBIOMECOVID.
