Threats of increased differentiation across regions, which have caused inefficient spatial development, are progressively coming into the scientists’ focus. By and large, a peripheral region is ...unlikely to take the place of the center. In the Urals1 , the Sverdlovsk oblast has long been the center and stayed ahead of its neighbours in terms of socioeconomic performance. Our previous research revealed a phenomenon called ‘synchronisation of economies’. Accordingly, the Chelyabinsk oblast in many instances repeats the trends of the Sverdlovsk oblast, but remains at the periphery. In this regard, studying the differentiation between the two economies becomes a relevant issue. The research aims to construct long-term trends of differentiation between regions using the case of the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk oblasts. The theories of spatial development, including the theory of cumulative growth, constitute the methodological basis of the research. Applying the methods of statistical comparison and times series analysis, the study interprets the data published by Russia’s Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), the Unified Interdepartmental Statistical Information System (UISIS), and generated by FIRA PRO information analytics system (OOO “First Independent Rating Agency”). The author proposes a method for assessing differentiation across regions based on 12 indicators. The findings demonstrate that for 2001–2020, the variation between the regions in terms of GRP per capita (in 2001 prices) has increased, whereas in terms of wages in prices of the same year it decreased. In relation to the outsider region, the Sverdlovsk oblast has kept its position in terms of the real GRP per capita compared to the Chelyabinsk oblast, which is approaching the outsider. At the same time, for 2001–2020, both regions have become closer to the leader. With regard to the real wages, the positions of the regions have nearly equalized, the ‘superiority’ over the outsider has decreased.
Since metals industry regions are dependent on the location of production resources and infrastructure, as well as have highly capital-intensive production, they usually feature a slowly changing ...industrial and technological structure of production. In line with the hypothesis of the study, the technological structure of the manufacturing industry determines the differences in their economic development. The study aims to explore the medium-term trends and patterns in economic and technological development of the metals industry regions. The methodological basis of the research is the structural dynamic approach to studying regional economic development. The methods include multivariate data analysis and clustering algorithms, time series estimation and correlation analysis. The study uses the data on large and medium-sized enterprises by types of economic activities for 2006–2021 taken from an information and analytics system FIRA PRO. According to the findings, the Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Lipetsk, Vologda and Tula oblasts are metals industry regions. The identified medium-term trends in their economic development show different dynamics of input and output indicators of production both by all types of economic activities and in metals industry in particular. The study proves that the dynamics of metals industry regions’ development largely depends on technological characteristics of the manufacturing industry. The results of the research contribute to the understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of regions’ industry to the changing conditions of external environment.
The aim of the article is to analyze the distribution of large Russian enterprises in key areas of activity within each federal district. Analytical and review articles concern problems of large, ...medium and small businesses, their role in the national economy and regional economic policy, problems of interaction between the state and business structures are the basis of theoretical and methodological approach of this research. The information base for this research is the data of accounting and tax reporting of large Russian enterprises in 2016. This data was provided by the First Independent Rating Agency. We show an uneven distribution of large enterprises across the Russian territory. More than a half of the large-sized enterprises are located in the Central Federal District. We identify areas of activity peculiar to large enterprises in each federal district and also areas of activity that are not very popular among large businesses. In the majority of regions, the greatest percent of the enterprises are presented by wholesale and retail trade. On the second place there are the enterprises of the manufacturing industry. As for mining, large business is concentrated in those regions where minerals are extracted. Among the least popular sectors are the spheres of research and development. The results will be a platform for further evaluation of the contribution of large business to the welfare of Russian regions.
The phenomenon of a transactional rent in agrarian business in Russian regions is studied in the presented paperwork. The authors have found such phenomenon while they were analyzing contractual ...relations in regional agrarian branches. The research was supported by the state grant for young scientists in 2015-2016. The authors gathered a set of qualitative and quantitative results exploring the problem of agrarian contractual relations.The article’s purpose is to research the nature and forms of transactional rent, to develop a technique of the quantitative assessment of contractual relations’ efficiency, and to evaluate that level.Transactional rent is understood as the income gained by one subject (contractor) while there are reasons to suppose that this income shall belong to the other subject of a transaction (if the market is perfect). Transactional rent is a result of imperfection in the market mechanism. The authors consider inefficiency of the contractual relations as the main problem of agrarian market functioning. That is shown by the presence of high market barriers, discriminating conditions, multiplicity of subjects of a contractual chain, and lack of regulation of contractual relations in business practice. The high prices of food for customers, monopolization of markets at the level of retail trade, high level of shadow operations in this market and, respectively, imperfection of monitoring over food quality are the consequences of similar inefficiencies of contractual relations. Threat of food security and regional economic stability in general can arise as the result of a high level of transactional rent. The research is based on neoinstitutional methodology. Key methods of research are statistical and econometric as a method of economic modeling. For carrying out empirical research, authors have access to the paid database (FIRA PRO) where a huge number of statistical information on the agrarian market is available. For the analysis of the level of transactional rent in agrarian business, the authors use a technique with such indicators as effectiveness ratio of the contract relations and coefficient of opportunism. In the conducted statistical research, it is established that the greatest transactional rent is formed at the third element of an agrarian contract chain (wholesale trade).
The problem of low efficiency of small and medium business for the Russian economy is an urgent one. The medium business in Russia is almost absent. The share of medium business in gross domestic ...product is about 0,1%. We investigate features of small and medium enterprises. We focus attention on institutional problems concern regulation of small and medium business. In article the institutional reasons of inefficiency of regulation of small and average business are structured. The quantitative analysis of supporting programs' efficiency is carried out.
Today large corporations are the dominating structures in the Russian economy. The corporate sector of the country is presented mostly by oligopolies and monopolies. The share of such structures in ...Russian GDP makes about 70% by estimates of some experts. Fuel and energy complex, metallurgy, mechanical engineering, electric power, transport, telecommunications, trade dominate among sectors of monopolistic structures. As for the contribution to scientific and technological development of national economy the problem of monopolistic structures capacity is relevant. Transition to a new technological way is relevant for the Russian economy. Only large business has financial and economic potential for such transition. It is capable to concentrate those large resources which are necessary for modernization of the Russian economy. Moreover, large business has access to information resources that are one of the "driver" of national scientific and technological development for today. The purpose of our research is to estimate the capacity of large monopolistic structures concerning scientific and technological development of the country. In the research the authors show the review of monopolistic structures in Russia. The nature of scientific and technological development of national economy is investigated in the paper. The authors have developed the evaluation technique of the contribution of such structures to scientific and technological development of the country. The authors use quantitative methods of the analysis of a contribution of monopolistic structures to scientific and technological development of Russia.
Today an exit of the Russian economy from stagnation and its further growth and development directly depend on activity of business sector. Both economists-theorists and real businessmen speak about ...it. The economic science abounds with theories about importance of the liberal capitalism. However, today's realities have shown insolvency of many both microeconomic, and macroeconomic theories. For today more often political, economic and business agents unanimously declare specifics of the Russian capitalism, calling it state. The key principle of the liberal economy of "lasses-faire" has shown the insolvency. Large business concentrates huge resources, and therefore its potential is enormous. The state capitalism is the ideology which is actively criticized in foreign researches. Nevertheless, there is a question of relevance of that for Russia. The set of researches is devoted to medium and small business: the question of the importance of small and medium business constantly are taken up among science, business and political elits. However, there is also other point of view - small business in view of the existing features of the Russian reality simply can't become a "locomotive" of economy. If to pay attention to the sphere of large business, then here, frankly speaking, monopolies and oligopolies function. If to trust neoclassical economic theories, then any monopoly (as well as an oligopoly, just to a lesser extent) distorts efficiency of a market mechanism, so, reduces welfare of all contractors (both the consumer, and the state) due to redistribution of excess profits in own favor. Our research answers questions: "What business is necessary to the Russian economy? What structure of property of large business answers problems of scientific and technological development of Russia? In what measure does the state have to regulate and control large business?".
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