Abstract This study investigated relations between emerging adults' memories of parental acceptance–rejection during childhood and the adults' dispositions towards forgiveness and vengeance, as ...mediated by psychological (mal)adjustment. South Asian (Pakistani) participants, including 242 (25.6%) men ( M age = 21.69, SD = 2.34) and 704 (74.4%) women ( M age = 21.14, SD = 2.09), responded to the short forms of the maternal and paternal Adult Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaires, the Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire, the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, the Vengeance Scale and a Personal Information Form. Results revealed that memories of both maternal and paternal rejection were correlated with current psychological maladjustment. Paternal rejection amongst women and maternal rejection amongst men predicted the disposition towards vengeance. Maternal acceptance amongst both men and women predicted the disposition towards forgiveness. Paternal acceptance, however, did not predict the disposition towards forgiveness amongst either men or women. Psychological adjustment amongst both men and women mediated relations between maternal and paternal acceptance and the disposition towards forgiveness. However, psychological maladjustment was a significant mediator of the relation between maternal and paternal rejection and the disposition towards vengeance amongst men and women. Implications of the findings and future directions of research are discussed.
This paper is based on narrative work carried out in an addiction treatment centre in Pakistan, with someone who had struggled with drugs for a long time. The use of narrative therapy not only helped ...the client immensely, but also changed my way of thinking and my orientation as a psychologist. Narrative therapy was not emphasised in our course work on clinical psychology. And during our professional training in the addiction treatment centre, it was not even mentioned. However, the first time I used narrative therapy, I became fascinated by the process and its outcomes. The progress of the following sessions further strengthened this belief in the therapy and we continued with it. In this way, both of us (the client and the therapist) developed preferred stories by which to live and work.
This study investigated relations among adolescents' perceptions of parental acceptance and rejection, psychological (mal)adjustment, forgiveness, and vengeance in the predominantly Muslim country of ...Pakistan. Participants included adolescent males (M
age
= 17, SD = 1.4, range = 15-19) from madrassas (educational institutions for Islamic instruction; n = 355) and public schools (n = 355). They responded to short forms of the maternal and paternal Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaires (PARQ), the Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ), the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), the Vengeance Scale (VS-10), and a Personal Information Form (PIF). Findings revealed that both the madrassa students and the public school students perceived their mothers (but not their fathers) to be warm and loving. The adolescents also reported fair psychological adjustment, and on average, were forgiving and non-vengeful. However, madrassa students reported perceiving their parents-especially their mothers-as more loving and accepting than did public school students. Additionally, madrassa students reported better psychological adjustment, a greater tendency to be forgiving, and a lesser tendency to be vengeful than did public school students. Maternal and paternal rejection were positively correlated with psychological maladjustment and vengeance, whereas maternal and paternal acceptance were associated with psychological adjustment and forgiveness among both groups of students. Psychological adjustment was a significant mediator of the relation between parental acceptance and the disposition toward forgiveness for both groups. Psychological maladjustment was not a significant mediator between paternal rejection and vengeance among madrassa students, but not public school students. Implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed.
The public is increasingly exposed to news about eyewitness memory errors. This study draws from the strategic memory regulation framework Goldsmith, M., Koriat, A., & Weinberg-Eliezer, A. (2002). ...Strategic regulation of grain size memory reporting. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 131(1), 73-95. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.131.1.73 to make predictions about how eyewitness memory reporting is affected by exposure to such reports. In Experiment 1, participants (n = 226) viewed a mock crime, were exposed to a fictitious news report about eyewitness memory accuracy (memory is accurate, memory is inaccurate, or a control condition), and then recalled the mock crime. Participants who read that eyewitness memory is inaccurate were less confident in their memory accuracy and reported less information about the mock crime compared to those in the other conditions. The specificity and accuracy of recall did not vary across conditions, however. In Experiment 2, participants (n = 2,491) watched a mock crime and were asked to identify the perpetrator from a simultaneous lineup. Participants who read that eyewitness memory is inaccurate evaluated their memory for the mock crime as relatively poorer but their lineup decisions did not differ compared to other participants. This suggests that news about eyewitness memory inaccuracy affects how people evaluate their memory capability, and differentially affects memory output depending on the memory task.
This study sought to investigate the association between conflict management styles, organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and counterproductive work behaviour (CWB) in industry workers of ...Pakistan. Participants comprised 600 industry workers (300 from local and 300 from multinational industries), age 25 through 40 years, with a least experience of one year of working on the same position. Organizational Citizenship Behavior Checklist (OCB-C), Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist (CWB-C), The Dutch Test for Conflict Handling (DTCH) were used to gather data from employees. The results did not indicate indicated any significant difference in these variables across gender, however industry workers of multinational and national companies did differ significantly on all conflict management style except forcing. Conflict management styles (yielding, compromising, problem solving, forcing and avoiding) were all significant predictors of counter productive work behaviour (CWB). The results specify the importance of conflict management styles with respect to CWB and OCB while especially highlighting the importance employees training for adopting problem solving management style. There is a strong need for development of more complex indigenous models in the socio-cultural context of Pakistan to inform relevant policymaking. Similarly, large cross-cultural explorations are equally important for generalizability of these findings. Findings of such studies are likely to have extremely important implications for industrial/organizational psychologists and consultants.
Facial expressions of emotions are regarded as 'Crown Jewel' of non-verbal communication (Mandal & Awasthi, 2014). This study used a computer based emotion recognition task to compare individuals ...with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) with normal controls to investigate their ability to recognize facial expressions of six basic emotions (Ekman, 1982) and associated average reaction time to recognize these emotions. A sample comprised 58 men with SUD with means age of 28.66 (SD = 4.90) and 50 matched normal controls with mean age of 28.62 (SD = 4.79). Based upon studies (e.g. Leshner, 2001, Volkow, 2009) it was assumed that if SUD bring changes in structure and function of brain the emotion recognition ability and average reaction time of the two groups will differ significantly. Between-Within ANOVA indicated that normal controls were significantly better and took significantly lesser average reaction time to recognize facial expressions of emotions as compared to individuals with SUD. The results are discussed in the socio-cultural context of Pakistan.
This study dealt with the impact of paternal versus maternal acceptance on the psychological adjustment of adolescents in relation to parental power and prestige within the family in the Lahore ...region of Pakistan. The study drew from a sample of 91 adolescents (46% males) ages 13 through 17 years (M = 14.86). Measures used were the child version of the Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaire (mother and father forms), the child version of the Personality Assessment Questionnaire, and the youth version of the Parental Power–Prestige Questionnaire. Results showed that perceived maternal and paternal acceptance were significantly correlated with adolescents’ psychological adjustment. However, neither power nor prestige was correlated with either maternal or paternal acceptance. Results of hierarchical regression analyses confirmed that adolescents’ perceptions of psychological adjustment were uniquely predicted by both maternal and paternal acceptance irrespective of either parent’s power or prestige within family.
