Reconstruction of bone loss in the alveolar ridge has long been challenging. Autologous bone grafts are considered as the "golden standard", while little research has focused on how to repair ...pronounced alveolar bone defects after autologous bone graft failure. The aim of this study was to detail a method based on the titanium mesh technique coupled with particulate coral hydroxyapatite to solve the Onlay graft failure. With bone deficiency in the #11 and #24- #25 regions, we harvested two autologous bone blocks for reconstruction. Two weeks after transplantation, the graft in the #11 region had healed uneventfully, while the graft in the anterior mandible became infected due to soft tissue dehiscence. After removal of the failed autologous bone block, pure coral hydroxyapatite stabilized within titanium mesh was used for alveolar rehabilitation. Six months later, the width of local alveolar bone was evaluated. After the titanium mesh was removed, a biopsy was performed to study bone regeneration by micro computed tomography and histology, following by a standard Straumann® implant insertion. Though there was wound dehiscence 14 days post bone augmentation, repeated local rinsing and anti-inflammation therapy controlled the inflammatory reaction. The total horizontal bone gain was 4.2 ± 0.5 mm. Micro computed tomography revealed the closer coral hydroxyapatite was to the host bone, the more was resorbed and bone regenerated. Histology showed mature lamellar bone structures, with evident residual coral hydroxyapatite. A 3- year follow-up revealed stable bone around the dental implant and successful function of the implant-born prosthesis. This study first proposed particulate coral hydroxyapatite sheltered by titanium mesh method was a promising solution in handling alveolar bone augmentation failure. More cases are needed for further research to form an efficient treatment procedure.
The positioning system based on analysis of ultra short electromagnetic impulse forms by artificial neural network is proposed. The change of short impulse form that takes place in ultrawideband ...antennas of short electromagnetic pulses is used for direction determination. There is no the time synchronization between receiver and transmitter, any information transferring between them in the system. The classification of forms of the received electromagnetic impulses of different antennas is carried out by deep neural network. The positioning system is simulated for the case of plane rectangular domain irradiated by two bow-tie antennas. These antennas are excited by short Gaussian pulses of different durations. The time form of radiated fields is calculated by means of FDTD method. The analysis of the precision of the receiver coordinate determination is presented.
Highly efficient conductors are strongly desired because they can lead to higher working performance and less energy consumption in their wide range applications. However, the improvements on the ...electrical conductivities of conventional conductors are limited, such as purification and growing single crystal of metals. Here, by embedding graphene in metals (Cu, Al, and Ag), the trade‐off between carrier mobility and carrier density is surmount in graphene, and realize high electron mobility and high electron density simultaneously through elaborate interface design and morphology control. As a result, a maximum electrical conductivity three orders of magnitude higher than the highest on record (more than 3,000 times higher than that of Cu) is obtained in such embedded graphene. As a result, using the graphene as reinforcement, an electrical conductivity as high as ≈117% of the International Annealed Copper Standard and significantly higher than that of Ag is achieved in bulk graphene/Cu composites with an extremely low graphene volume fraction of only 0.008%. The results are of significance when enhancing efficiency and saving energy in electrical and electronic applications of metals, and also of interest for fundamental researches on electron behaviors in graphene.
Ultrahigh electrical conductivity ≈3000 times higher than that of Cu is realized in graphene embedded in metals. As a result, the corresponding graphene/Cu composites show an electrical conductivity significantly higher than that of Ag. Such graphene/metal interactions provide a unique platform to explore electron behaviors in graphene, and the results open up new opportunities for graphene's applications.
Biomimetic actuators with stimuli-responsiveness, adaptivity, and designability have attracted extensive attention. Recently, soft intelligent actuators based on stimuli-responsive materials have ...been gradually developed, but it is still challenging to achieve various shape manipulations of actuators through a simple 3D printing technology. In this paper, a 3D printing strategy based on magneto-active materials is developed to manufacture various biomimetic magnetic actuators, in which the new printable magnetic filament is composed of a thermoplastic rubber material and magnetic particles. The continuous shape transformation of magnetic actuators is further demonstrated to imitate the motion characteristic of creatures, including the predation behavior of octopus tentacles, the flying behavior of the butterfly, and the flower blooming behavior of the plant. Furthermore, the magnetic field-induced deformation of the biomimetic structure can be simulated by the finite element method, which can further guide the structural design of the actuators. This work proves that the biomimetic actuator based on soft magneto-active materials has the advantages of programmable integrated structure, rapid prototyping, remote noncontact actuation, and rapid magnetic response. As a result, this 3D printing method possesses broad application prospects in soft robotics and other fields.
O Mannosylation is a vital protein modification involved in brain and muscle development whereas the biological relevance of O‐mannosyl glycans has remained largely unknown owing to the lack of ...structurally defined glycoforms. An efficient scaffold synthesis/enzymatic extension (SSEE) strategy was developed to prepare such structures by combining gram‐scale convergent chemical syntheses of three scaffolds and strictly controlled sequential enzymatic extension catalyzed by glycosyltransferases. In total, 45 O‐mannosyl glycans were obtained, covering the majority of identified mammalian structures. Subsequent glycan microarray analysis revealed fine specificities of glycan‐binding proteins and specific antisera.
Wide variety: An efficient scaffold synthesis/enzymatic extension (SSEE) strategy was developed to prepare 45 structurally well‐defined O‐mannosyl glycans by combining convergent chemistry and strictly programmed enzymatic extension catalyzed by glycosyltransferases. Glycan microarray analysis was also performed to mine fine specificities of glycan‐binding proteins using these glycoforms.
Metastasis, the development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary tumor, is the cause of death for 90% of cancer patients, but little is known about how metastatic cancer cells ...adapt to and colonize new tissue environments. Here, using clinical samples, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) samples, PDX cells, and primary/metastatic cell lines, we discovered that liver metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) cells lose their colon-specific gene transcription program yet gain a liver-specific gene transcription program. We showed that this transcription reprogramming is driven by a reshaped epigenetic landscape of both typical enhancers and super-enhancers. Further, we identified that the liver-specific transcription factors FOXA2 and HNF1A can bind to the gained enhancers and activate the liver-specific gene transcription, thereby driving CRC liver metastasis. Importantly, similar transcription reprogramming can be observed in multiple cancer types. Our data suggest that reprogrammed tissue-specific transcription promotes metastasis and should be targeted therapeutically.
This work reports a novel CNT/STF/Kevlar-based (CNT, carbon nanotubes; STF, shear thickening fluid) wearable electronic textile (ET) composite with excellent protective and sensing performance. The ...dynamic impact resistance test shows the maximum resistance force of the single-layer ET composite reaches as high as 1232 N, which is much larger than the neat Kevlar (746 N), indicating that the ET composite can absorb more energy and sustain higher impact force. Due to the incorporation of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the ET composite shows excellent conductivity, thus it can be applied as a sensor to monitor signals of various human body movements. Due to the good flexibility, high sensitivity, and excellent protective performance, the ET composite exhibits high potential in the intelligent wearable electronic textile product, which possesses both excellent protective and sensing performance for human bodies in different environments.
Inhibition of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) interaction using small-molecule inhibitors is an emerging immunotherapeutic approach. A novel series of ...1,2,4triazolo4,3-apyridines were designed and found to be potent inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Among them, compound A22 exhibited the most potent activity, as assessed by homogenous time-resolved fluorescence assay, with an IC50 of 92.3 nM. Furthermore, A22 dose-dependent elevated interferon-γ production in a co-culture model of Hep3B/OS-8/hPD-L1 and CD3 T cells. We concluded that A22 is a promising lead compound for the development of inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. In addition, we explored the structure–activity relationships of the newly synthesized 1,2,4triazolo4,3-apyridines and demonstrated that a ring fusion strategy can be employed for designing analogues of the Bristol-Myers Squibb chemical series. These studies pave the way for future drug design.
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•An eight months’ ocean acidification (OA) simulation experiment was conducted.•The ecological and biological responses of benthic foraminifera to OA was studied.•Benthic foraminifera ...in nearshore area had more resistance to OA than offshore one.•Thinner and smaller shells in calcareous foraminifera were produced under OA.•There will be a biocalcification crisis in continental shelf under future OA.
Ocean acidification (OA) is a persistent challenge for humans and is predicted to have deleterious effects on marine organisms, especially marine calcifiers such as coral and foraminifera. Benthic foraminifera is an important component of sediment in the continental shelf, while little is known about the impact of ocean acidification on benthic foraminifera both at the community and individual level and associated calcium carbonate deposition. We conducted eight months continued culture experiment under the scenario of 400, 800, 1200 and 1600 ppm pCO2 gradients on living benthic foraminifera from four stations in the continental shelf of the West Pacific Ocean. Statistic results showed OA had a negative effect on the abundance of benthic foraminifera. In contrast, the diversity increased roughly under OA conditions implying OA might stimulate the emergence of rare species and promote community diversity to some extent. In addition, we confirmed that the offshore area wasn’t the refuge for benthic foraminifera while the nearshore one had more resistance to moderate acidification. Calcareous species Protelphidium tuberculatum was the dominant species occupying on average 75% in all treatments and its shell diameter, weight and thickness showed a decrease, indicating the decrease of calcification of benthic foraminifera. A relationship between the weight of P. tuberculatum and pCO2 (R2 = 0.96) was established. Based on the present work, calcareous benthic foraminifera deposited 8.57 × 104 t calcium carbonate per year and this might reduce by nearly half and 90% under 800 and 1200 ppm scenarios, which indicates a biocalcification crisis under ongoing OA. This work shows an analogy for palaeoceanic OA and also provides new insights into the sediment of calcium carbonate in the future.
In view of characteristics of the ship in the optical remote-sensing image, such as multiple dimensions, majority of small objects, crowded arrangement and complex background, and so on, the paper ...presents a ship detection framework combining the network-fusing multi-level features crossing levels, the rotation region proposal network and the bidirectional recurrent neural network fusing self-attention mechanism. Firstly, we set up a network fusing multi-level features crossing levels because of the multiple scales and diverse characteristics of the remote-sensing ships to increase the precision of feature extraction of the ship, thus improving the performance in the multiple scales, small objects, and complex background problems. Secondly, we separately design the ROI Pooling Layer and the bidirectional recurrent neural network fusing self-attention mechanism, which infuses the prior information of ship dimension and position to realize a good performance and precise ship positioning in crowded scenes. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed method through experiments, the experimental dataset includes the private dataset designed by us based on Google Earth, the ship dataset in DOTA-Ship and HRSC2016 public ship dataset. The results verify the contributions of each proposed module, and the comparison results show that our proposed method has a state-of-the-art performance.
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