Universal basic income is an old idea that has experienced a surge in global attention. In many countries, it is creeping up the policy agenda as an alternative to traditional welfare. Yet, in ...Australia, the idea is mostly ignored by the two main political parties. Communication scholars have long contended that the media play a role in influencing opinion and setting the policy agenda. Using a framing approach, this study analyses how basic income was framed in 2018 by seven Australian newspapers and compares the results with those in countries where basic income has solidified a position in public discourse. We found that the mainstream media outlets in Australia are overtly hostile to the idea, which presents a significant obstacle to a universal basic income gaining legitimacy as a social policy.
Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of infant mortality worldwide with non-specific and varied presentation. We aimed to catalogue the current definitions of neonatal sepsis in published randomised ...controlled trials (RCTs).
A systematic search of the Embase and Cochrane databases was performed for RCTs which explicitly stated a definition for neonatal sepsis. Definitions were sub-divided into five primary criteria for infection (culture, laboratory findings, clinical signs, radiological evidence and risk factors) and stratified by qualifiers (early/late-onset and likelihood of sepsis).
Of 668 papers screened, 80 RCTs were included and 128 individual definitions identified. The single most common definition was neonatal sepsis defined by blood culture alone (n = 35), followed by culture and clinical signs (n = 29), and then laboratory tests/clinical signs (n = 25). Blood culture featured in 83 definitions, laboratory testing featured in 48 definitions while clinical signs and radiology featured in 80 and 8 definitions, respectively.
A diverse range of definitions of neonatal sepsis are used and based on microbiological culture, laboratory tests and clinical signs in contrast to adult and paediatric sepsis which use organ dysfunction. An international consensus-based definition of neonatal sepsis could allow meta-analysis and translate results to improve outcomes.
The daughter of Puerto Rican and Dominican parents, Martinez channeled her adolescent alienation into her first fulllength, Cry Baby, a concept album about a young woman struggling with teenage ...issues like family, boys and body image through the proxy world of sinister teddy bears, fairytale villains and nursery iconography.
In contrast to the overall, long-term tendency of trade liberalization to weaken labor & the Left, in the rural Colombian county of San Alberto, the economic opening took place under particular ...circumstances that created temporary but strategic windows of opportunity for workers & the political Left. These are described, drawing on a wide variety of published & unpublished sources & interviews. (1) A previously negotiated collective bargaining agreement protected the highly organized palm-workers' union from the full effects of trade liberalization for several years after the palm oil sector entered into crisis. (2) Due to differences in political influence & economic structure, liberalization affected the palm sector significantly later than the rice sector, whose elites were labor's main political antagonists on the local level. (3) Economic opening undermined the material basis of the rice-based rural political machine before the palm workers' union itself was weakened. (4) Democratic reforms commenced before Colombia's neoliberal reforms, & were thus implemented before the palm workers' union had been seriously weakened by the removal of tariff barriers but after the rice-based elite antagonists had been so weakened. Labor & the Left consequently faced an ephemeral yet important opportunity for electoral gains. With the resulting institutional power, leftist elected officials used fleeting opportunities strategically, negotiating a temporary peace that significantly reduced violent repression against their base -- at least until the postopening crisis filtered down to labor itself -- & implementing policies whose benefits for their constituency far outlasted their time in office. 7 Appendixes, 72 References. Adapted from the source document.
In 1988, county executives were elected by direct vote in Colombia. This process, a part of democratization reform, created a likely scenario of leftist county executives being elected in counties ...with leftist majorities. In most cases there were revolts on the part of elites against the institutionalization of leftist ideals through election. This violence, often directed toward the newly incumbent, varied greatly from county to county. Direct election made it possible for the radical leftist ideas to become institutionalized in areas where they were successful in those elections. However, in counties where drug traffickers controlled land & guerrillas were increasingly active, the proportion of violence was greater with much of it being directed at the new leftist county executives & their staff members. This disproportionate response is precisely due to the success that those working for the material & political well-being of the peasant constituencies had achieved. Figures are given for population, land tenure distribution, squatter population, export income, presence of narco-landowners, guerrilla activity, & repression per capita of 18 counties that had elected openly leftist executives. An analysis of the interaction of these factors is given with respect to the overall amount of repression in the postelection counties. 4 Appendixes, 42 References. W. Lewis
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