Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach to maintenance in which equipment and machinery are monitored and analyzed to predict when maintenance is needed. Instead of relying on fixed schedules ...or reacting to breakdowns, predictive maintenance uses data and analytics to determine the appropriate time to perform maintenance activities. In industrial applications, machine boxes can be used to collect and transmit the feature information of manufacturing machines. The collected data are essential to identify the status of working machines. This paper investigates the design and implementation of a machine box based on the ROS framework. Several types of communication interfaces are included that can be adopted to different sensor modules for data sensing. The collected data are used for the application on predictive maintenance. The key concepts of predictive maintenance include data collection, a feature analysis, and predictive models. A correlation analysis is crucial in a feature analysis, where the dominant features can be determined. In this work, linear regression, a neural network, and a decision tree are adopted for model learning. Experimental results illustrate the feasibility of the proposed smart machine box. Also, the remaining useful life can be effectively predicted according to the trained models.
This paper aims to establish a predictive model for battery lifetime using data analysis. The procedure of model establishment is illustrated in detail, including the data pre-processing, modeling, ...and prediction. The characteristics of lithium-ion batteries are introduced. In this study, data analysis is performed with MATLAB, and the open-source battery data are provided by NASA. The addressed models include the decision tree, nonlinear autoregression, recurrent neural network, and long short-term memory network. In the part of model training, the root-mean-square error, integral of the squared error, and integral of the absolute error are considered for the cost functions. Based on the defined health indicator, the remaining useful life of lithium-ion batteries can be predicted. The confidence interval can be used to describe the level of confidence for each prediction. According to the test results, the long short-term memory network provides the best performance among all addressed models.
•H1N1 and H3N2 viruses inoculated intratracheally induce differential immunopathology in mice.•WSN virus induces early and heavy Gr-1+ and CD11b+ cell infiltration.•High levels of CXCL6/GCP-2, ...CCL2/MCP-1 and TIMP-1 are produced in the lungs of WSN-infected mice.•WSN-induced severe lung disease is associated with oxidative stress and MMP-9 production.
Infection by different strains of influenza virus presents different pictures. Whether the pathogenicity of influenza virus is defined by the ability of the virus to induce differential immunopathlogical responses in the lungs still remains unclear. We compared the immunopathological response induced by influenza virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1) and that by A/Panama-like (H3N2) virus in C57BL/6 mice. WSN virus, in contrast to Panama-like virus, induced high mortality and severe lung pathology accompanied by massive Gr-1+ and CD11b+ cell infiltration and high levels of CXCL6/GCP-2, CCL2/MCP-1 and TIMP-1 production. Infection by WSN virus but not by Panama-like virus induced up-regulation of the active and latent forms of MMP-9 in the lungs and MMP-2/9 inhibitor partially reduced WSN virus-induced lung pathology. Both Gr-1+ and CD11b+ cells in WSN virus-infected lungs produced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). While wild type mice infected by WSN virus had severe lung pathology and the presence of oxidized phospholipids and numerous MMP-9+ cells in the lungs, ncf1 deficiency ablated their expression and manifested less lung pathology. Employing a pulmonary mouse model we demonstrated in this study that infection by virulent influenza virus is characterized by a heavy cellular infiltration, severe lung pathology which is accompanied by oxidative stress and MMP-9 production.
Depression, a common mental disorder, significantly affects an individual’s ability to live a normal life. Excessive reassurance-seeking is a common interpersonal behavior characteristic of ...depression and often leads to negative interaction between caregivers and depressed individuals, who seek excessive assurance from the caregivers at inappropriate times, such as when caregivers are busy. Such negative interaction results in elevated feelings of burden for both caregivers and care receivers. However, maintaining a good relationship between depressed individuals and caregivers is crucial to overcoming difficult times during depression. Therefore, we propose a mobile care mediation system that enables depressed individuals and caregivers to share mood and availability information, thus improving communication in caregiving and care-receiving and reducing the caregiving burden.
Wolfberry Lycium, an economically important genus of the Solanaceae family, contains approximately 80 species and shows a fragmented distribution pattern among the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. ...Although several herbaceous species of Solanaceae have been subjected to genome sequencing, thus far, no genome sequences of woody representatives have been available. Here, we sequenced the genomes of 13 perennial woody species of Lycium, with a focus on Lycium barbarum. Integration with other genomes provides clear evidence supporting a whole-genome triplication (WGT) event shared by all hitherto sequenced solanaceous plants, which occurred shortly after the divergence of Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae. We identified new gene families and gene family expansions and contractions that first appeared in Solanaceae. Based on the identification of self-incompatibility related-gene families, we inferred that hybridization hotspots are enriched for genes that might be functioning in gametophytic self-incompatibility pathways in wolfberry. Extremely low expression of LOCULE NUBER (LC) and COLORLESS NON-RIPENING (CNR) orthologous genes during Lycium fruit development and ripening processes suggests functional diversification of these two genes between Lycium and tomato. The existence of additional flowering locus C-like MADS-box genes might correlate with the perennial flowering cycle of Lycium. Differential gene expression involved in the lignin biosynthetic pathway between Lycium and tomato likely illustrates woody and herbaceous differentiation. We also provide evidence that Lycium migrated from Africa into Asia, and subsequently from Asia into North America. Our results provide functional insights into Solanaceae origins, evolution and diversification.
Most microbial time–temperature indicators (TTIs) considered only one spoilage strain. This research compared single and dual spoilage strains‐based microbial TTI for quality changes of chilled ...grouper fish (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x
E. lanceolatus) fillet products during distribution. The next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and traditional plate count approach showed that Pseudomonas fragi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were specific spoilage bacteria at 7 and 15°C. A dual‐strain TTI response provides more accurate results than a single‐strain TTI and provides an irreversible color change from yellow to reddish‐brown, showing levels of fish freshness. The microbial TTI comprises fish spoilage bacteria strains with 3 log CFU/ml, a nutrient broth supplemented with 2% NaCl as a medium, and phenol red with 0.25 mg/ml as a pH indicator. Overall, this study points to the applicability of a dual‐strain microbial TTI as a valuable tool for monitoring fish quality changes during cold chain break condition.
Cholesterol plays a unique role in the regulation of membrane organization and dynamics by modulating the membrane phase transition at the nanoscale. Unfortunately, due to their small sizes and ...dynamic nature, the effects of cholesterol-mediated membrane nanodomains on membrane dynamics remain elusive. Here, using ultrahigh-speed single-molecule tracking with advanced optical microscope techniques, we investigate the diffusive motion of single phospholipids in the live cell plasma membrane at the nanoscale and its dependency on the cholesterol concentration. We find that both saturated and unsaturated phospholipids undergo anomalous subdiffusion on the length scale of 10–100 nm. The diffusion characteristics exhibit considerable variations in space and in time, indicating that the nanoscopic lipid diffusion is highly heterogeneous. Importantly, through the statistical analysis, apparent dual-mobility subdiffusion is observed from the mixed diffusion behaviors. The measured subdiffusion agrees well with the hop diffusion model that represents a diffuser moving in a compartmentalized membrane created by the cytoskeleton meshwork. Cholesterol depletion diminishes the lipid mobility with an apparently smaller compartment size and a stronger confinement strength. Similar results are measured with temperature reduction, suggesting that the more heterogeneous and restricted diffusion is connected to the nanoscopic membrane phase transition. Our conclusion supports the model that cholesterol depletion induces the formation of gel-phase, solid-like membrane nanodomains. These nanodomains undergo restricted diffusion and act as diffusion obstacles to the membrane molecules that are excluded from the nanodomains. This work provides the experimental evidence that the nanoscopic lipid diffusion in the cell plasma membrane is heterogeneous and sensitive to the cholesterol concentration and temperature, shedding new light on the regulation mechanisms of nanoscopic membrane dynamics.
An effective COVID-19 vaccine against broad SARS-CoV-2 variants is still an unmet need. In the study, the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based vector was used to express the SARS-CoV-2 Spike ...protein to identify better vaccine designs. The replication-competent of the recombinant VSV-spike virus with C-terminal 19 amino acid truncation (SΔ19 Rep) was generated. A single dose of SΔ19 Rep intranasal vaccination is sufficient to induce protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters. All the clones isolated from the SΔ19 Rep virus contained R682G mutation located at the Furin cleavage site. An additional S813Y mutation close to the TMPRSS2 cleavage site was identified in some clones. The enzymatic processing of S protein was blocked by these mutations. The vaccination of the R682G-S813Y virus produced a high antibody response against S protein and a robust S protein-specific CD8
T cell response. The vaccinated animals were protected from the lethal SARS-CoV-2 (delta variant) challenge. The S antigen with resistance to enzymatic processes by Furin and TMPRSS2 will provide better immunogenicity for vaccine design.
This paper presents an acoustic-noise-reduction control using a random switching technique for front-end switch-mode rectifiers (SMRs) of a permanent-magnet synchronous-motor (PMSM) drive. First, the ...PMSM drive and its front-end ac-switch-based SMR are established. The proper controls are conducted to let the motor drive possess good driving characteristics. In the acoustic-noise-reduction control for a low-frequency SMR under a voltage closed-loop control, the important audible vibration modes of the SMR inductor are first identified from the measurements. Then, the controls for eliminating one specific vibration mode and two vibration modes simultaneously via deterministic and stochastic approaches are studied. Specifically, a novel random three-stage excitation scheme is devised. As to the high-frequency SMRs, the random switching frequency ramp-comparison current-controlled pulse-width modulation (CCPWM) scheme and the randomly varying band hysteresis CCPWM scheme are developed. Theoretical bases of all the proposed control approaches are derived, and their comparative performances are evaluated experimentally.
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