African swine fever (ASF), characterized by acute, severe, and fast-spreading, is a highly lethal swine infectious disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), which has caused substantial ...economic losses to the pig industry worldwide in the past 100 years.
This study started with bioinformatics methods and verified the epitope fusion protein method's reliability that does not rely on traditional epitope identification. Meanwhile, it will also express and purify the constructed genes through prokaryotic expression and establish antibody detection methods.
The results indicated that the protein had good reactivity and did not cross-react with other swine diseases. The receiver-operating characteristic analysis was performed to verify the determination. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.9991 (95% confidence interval 0.9973 to 1.001).
It was proved that the recombinant protein is feasible as a diagnostic antigen to distinguish ASFV and provides a new idea for ASFV antibody detection.
Background
Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects approximately 3% of women in the postnatal period, but less is known about risk factors for PTSD than other postnatal mental illnesses. This ...review aimed to analyze the literature on the impact of mode of birth on postnatal PTSD.
Methods
Searches were undertaken of CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus for studies investigating the link between mode of birth and postnatal PTSD in high‐resource countries from January 1990 to February 2021. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and synthesized. Meta‐analysis was performed with four of the studies, and the rest were analyzed narratively.
Results
Twelve quantitative studies, presenting data on 5567 women, and two qualitative studies, with 92 women, were included in the review. Most studies found a significant relationship between mode of birth and maternal PTSD symptoms. Meta‐analysis found cesarean birth was more closely associated with PTSD than vaginal delivery (VD) (P = 0.005), emergency cesarean birth (EmCB) more than elective cesarean birth (ElCB) (P < 0.001), instrumental vaginal delivery (IVD) more than spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) (P < 0.001), and EmCB more than SVD (P < 0.001). Women who developed PTSD after EmCB felt less in control and less supported than those who did not develop it after the same procedure. Request for repeat ElCB appeared more common among women with pre‐existing postnatal PTSD, but this may subsequently leave them feeling dissatisfied and their fears of childbirth unresolved.
Conclusions
Modes of birth involving emergency intervention may be risk factors for the development of postnatal PTSD. Ensuring that women feel supported and in control during emergency obstetric interventions may mediate against this risk.
Abstract Ionogels, composed of ionic liquids and supporting networks, possess a plethora of exceptional properties, including nonvolatility, remarkable thermal and electrochemical stability, elevated ...mechanical strength, as well as outstanding ionic conductivity. Based on these extraordinary characteristics, ionogels have found extensive applications in diverse fields encompassing functional materials, sensors, soft electronics, solid electrolytes, and biomedicine. In recent years, ionogels have witnessed significant advancements and emerged as a highly popular subject matter. Consequently, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest progress made in the realm of ionogels. The preparation methods of ionogels are initially introduced following a concise introduction. Subsequently, the properties of ionogels, encompassing mechanical properties, high and low temperature resistance, ionic conductivity, stimuli‐response properties, self‐healing properties, recyclability and their structure‐property relationships, are comprehensively discussed. Moreover, recent advancements in the utilization of ionogels in solid electrolytes, ionic skins, soft electronics, adhesions and other domains are also elaborated upon extensively. Finally, after a succinct summary, challenges and prospects regarding the future development of ionogels are thoroughly deliberated.
While saline soils account for 6.5% of the total land area globally, it comprises about 70% of the area in northwestern China. Microbiota in these saline soils are particularly important because they ...are critical to maintaining ecosystem services. However, little is known about the microbial diversity and community composition in saline soils. To investigate the distribution patterns and edaphic determinants of bacterial communities in saline soils, we collected soil samples across the hypersaline Ebinur Lake shoreline in northwestern China and assessed soil bacterial communities using bar-coded pyrosequencing. Bacterial communities were diverse, and the dominant phyla (>5% of all sequences) across all soil samples were Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Betaproteobacteria. These dominant phyla made a significant (P < 0.05) contribution to community structure variations between soils. Halomonas, Smithella, Pseudomonas and Comamonas were the indicator taxa across the salinity gradient. Bacterial community composition showed significant (P < 0.05) correlations with salt content and soil pH. Indeed, bacterial phylotype richness and phylogenetic diversity were also higher in soils with middle-level salt rates, and were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with salt content and soil pH. Overall, our results show that both salinity and pH are the determinants of bacterial communities in saline soils in northwest China.
In order to optimize the rural public environment, protect and build the characteristics and integrity of the rural public environment. This paper introduces the development and research of a digital ...design platform based on digital computer, taking parallel robot (cross IV) as the object. The basic functional requirement of the digital integrated design platform is parallel robot. In the design stage, it mainly needs six functional modules, including conceptual design module, detailed design module, simulation design module, electromechanical coupling design module, optimization design module, and database module. Based on the analysis and summary of the digital integrated design process of parallel robot, combined with the actual functional requirements, the key technologies and solutions of the digital design platform are determined, the overall framework of the digital design platform is drawn up, and the implementation process of the platform is planned in detail. The Design personnel involved in the design process and their corresponding responsible contents, and the user authority is managed reasonably. Set the parameters of the driving arm and the driven arm. The outer diameter of the driving arm is 58 mm and the thickness is 2 mm. The outer diameter of the driven arm is 14 mm, and the thickness is 2 mm. Their length can be calculated directly according to the parameters provided in the conceptual design. According to the rules set by the software, the automatic assembly operation is carried out to obtain the whole machine model. After entering the SolidWorks motion module, the dynamic interference inspection is carried out first, and then the simulation analysis is carried out. The results show that the selection is correct when the actual model is consistent with the theoretical model. The correct selection and wide application of CAD technology in the production and construction of building decoration engineering will inevitably bring great changes in construction management and concept and become a new trend and trend for construction enterprises to enhance their competitiveness. The aforementioned computer-aided design is a broad application category. It provides a strong foundation for the design of rural public environment.
Near‐infrared (NIR) organic solid‐state lasers play an essential role in applications ranging from laser communication to infrared night vision, but progress in this area is restricted by the lack of ...effective excited‐state gain processes. Herein, we originally proposed and demonstrated the cascaded occurrence of excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer for constructing the completely new energy‐level systems. Cascading by the first ultrafast proton transfer of <430 fs and the subsequent irreversible second proton transfer of ca. 1.6 ps, the stepwise proton transfer process favors the true six‐level photophysical cycle, which supports efficient population inversion and thus NIR single‐mode lasing at 854 nm. This work realizes longest wavelength beyond 850 nm of organic single‐crystal lasing to date and originally exploits the cascaded excited‐state molecular proton transfer energy‐level systems for organic solid‐state lasers.
Six‐level energy systems are constructed through the cascaded occurrence of excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer consisting of a first ultrafast proton transfer of <430 fs and a following dominant and irreversible proton transfer of ca. 1.6 ps, which support the NIR single‐mode lasing at 854 nm for exploiting energy‐level systems of OSSLs, especially at the NIR region from 780 to 2500 nm.
Ferroptosis, a newly identified form of regulated cell death, is characterized by overwhelming iron-dependent accumulation of lethal lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). Preventing cellular iron ...overload by reducing iron uptake and increasing iron storage may contribute to inhibit ferroptosis. Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) is an iron-storage protein that is located in the mitochondria, which has a significant role in modulating cellular iron metabolism. Recent studies showed that FtMt played inhibitory effects on oxidative stress-dependent neuronal cell damage. However, the potential role of FtMt in the progress of ferroptosis in neuronal cells has not been studied. To explore this, we established ferroptosis models of cell and drosophila by erastin treatment. We found that overexpression of FtMt in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells significantly inhibited erastin-induced ferroptosis, which very likely was achieved by regulation of iron homeostasis. Upon erastin treatment, significant increases of cellular labile iron pool (LIP) and cytosolic ROS were observed in wild-type SH-SY5Y cells, but not in the FtMt-overexpressed cells. Consistent with that, the alterations of iron-related proteins in FtMt-overexpressed cells were different from that of the control cells. We further investigated the role of FtMt in erastin-induced ferroptosis in transgenic drosophila. We found that the wild-type drosophilas fed an erastin-containing diet didn't survive more than 3 weeks. In contrast, the FtMt overexpressing drosophilas fed the same diet were survival very well. These results indicated that FtMt played a protective role in erastin-induced ferroptosis.
Background
Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are the second most common brain tumors, and mostly are benign tumors. However, there exists subtypes of PAs refractory to common treatments, and need novel ...therapy. Programmed death 1 (PD-1) blockade has shown durable objective response in a variety of malignancies, and the key predictive markers for this immunotherapy were PD-L1 and CD8
+
tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TILs) expression. To evaluate the potential immunotherapy for PAs, we investigated the expression of these two immune markers in PAs.
Methods
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect the expression of PD-L1 and CD8
+
TILs in PAs. The ratio of positive expression of PD-L1 and CD8
+
TILs was compared with chi-squared tests among different subtypes of PAs. The association between their expression profile and clinical parameters was analyzed using a chi-squared test, or Fisher’s exact probability test when appropriate.
Results
One hundred and ninety one patients with PAs were retrospectively involved in this study, consisting of 106 non-functioning PAs (NF-PAs, 55.5%), 40 PRL-secreting PAs (PRL-PAs, 20.9%), 31 GH-secreting PAs (GH-PAs, 16.2%), 9 ACTH-secreting PAs (ACTH-PAs, 4.7%) and 5 plurihormonal adenomas (2.6%) respectively. 36.6% of them were PD-L1 positive and 86.9% were CD8
+
TILs positive. The positive PD-L1 immunostaining presented more frequently in functioning PAs (58.8%), compared with that (34.3%) in nonfunctioning group (p = 0.000). Moreover, the rates of PD-L1 expression were more associated with increased blood levels of PRL, GH, ACTH and cortisol. Contrastly, positive CD8
+
TILs immunostaining was only correlated with elevated blood level of GH. For the analysis of immune markers with pathological results, PD-L1 expression was associated with PRL and GH immunostaining and higher Ki-67 index. But CD8
+
TILs was only correlated with PRL immunostaining.
Conclusion
Our results showed that PD-L1 was frequently expressed in functioning PAs with association of aggressive behaviors in PAs. The immunotherapy could be a promising treatment option of PAs.
Oxidative stress is the core of most pathological situations, and its attribution toward disease conversion is not yet well established. The adaptive capacity of a cell can overcome ROS-induced ...pathology. However, when a cell fails to extend its maximum adaptive capacity against oxidative stress, it could lead a cell to misbehave or defunct from its normal functions. Any type of physical activity can increase the cells' maximum adaptive capacity, but aging can limit this. However, whether aging is the initiating point of reducing cells' adaptive capacity against oxidative stress or oxidative stress can induce the aging process is a mystery, and it could be the key to solving several uncured diseases. Paradoxically, minimum ROS is needed for cellular homeostasis. Nevertheless, finding factors that can limit or nullify the production of ROS for cellular homeostasis is a million-dollar question. Regular physical exercise is considered to be one of the factors that can limit the production of ROS and increase the ROS-induced benefits in the cells through inducing minimum oxidative stress and increasing maximum adapting capacity against oxidative stress-induced damages. The type and intensity of exercise that can produce such positive effects in the cells remain unclear. Therefore, this review discusses how physical exercise can help to produce minimal positive oxidative stress in preventing skeletal muscle aging.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease influenced by diverse endogenous and exogenous factors. It is characterized by cartilage and bone destruction. The current ...conventional allopathic therapy is expensive and carries adverse side effects. Recently, there were some ethnopharmacological studies on RA including anti-RA effects and therapeutic targets of distinct dosage forms of traditional herbal medicines (THMs).
This review provides a brief overview of the current understanding of the potential pharmacological mechanisms of THMs (active constituents, extracts and prescriptions) in RA. This study is intended to provide comprehensive information and reference for exploring new therapeutic strategies of THMs in the RA treatment.
This review captured scientific literatures invivo and vitro experiments on effects of anti-RA THMs published between 2016 and 2021 from journals and electronic databases (e.g. PubMed, Elsevier, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar). Relevant literatures were searched and analyzed by using keywords such as ‘rheumatoid arthritis AND traditional herbal medicines’, ‘rheumatoid arthritis AND immune cells’, ‘rheumatoid arthritis AND inflammation’, ‘rheumatoid arthritis AND miRNA’, ‘rheumatoid arthritis AND Angiogenesis’, ‘rheumatoid arthritis AND oxidative stress’, ‘rheumatoid arthritis AND osteoclasts’, ‘rheumatoid arthritis AND CIA model’, ‘rheumatoid arthritis AND AA model’ AND ‘rheumatoid arthritis herbal prescription’.
Experiments in vitro and in vivo jointly demonstrated the potential of THMs in the RA treatment. There are plentiful therapeutic targets in RA. THMs and active ingredients could alleviate RA symptoms through different therapeutic targets, such as immunoregulation, inflammation, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), microRNAs (miRNAs), angiogenesis, oxidative stress, osteoclasts and multiple targets interaction. Anti-RA THMs, active ingredients and prescriptions through corresponding therapeutic targets were summarized and classified.
Flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids and triterpenes of THMs are identified as the main components to ameliorate RA. Regulation of different and multiple related therapeutic targets by THMs and their active ingredients were associated with greater therapeutic benefits, among which inflammation is the main therapeutic target. Nonetheless, further studies are required to unravel the complexities and in-depth mechanisms of THMs in alleviating RA.
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•THM for the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis.•The active ingredients of THM display strong anti-RA effects.•THM may has multiple targets for RA treatment.•Flavonoids may exerted major anti-RA effects in THM.•Anti-inflammatory mechanism is the main anti-RA target of THM.
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