Reviewing consumers' motivations to attend performances in a continuously evolving social and technological context is essential because live concerts generate an important and growing share of ...revenues for the music industry. Evolving fans' preferences and technological innovations constantly alter the way music is distributed and consumed. In a marketing 3.0 era, what consumers do with music is becoming more significant than simply owning or listening to a song. These changes are not only blurring the lines between production and consumption (i.e., co-creation), but also distorting the concept of live attendance altogether. Although mediated performances typically lack presence and authenticity, recent advances in immersive technologies, such as spherical videos and virtual reality goggles, could represent a new form of experiencing live music.
Several studies on tension lap splices have shown the improvement of bond strength using Ultra-high performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC). The bridging effect of fibres on cracks improves ...the bond splitting strength substantially in comparison to normal concrete. This paper investigates the influence of fibre content on the strength of tension lap splice of reinforcing bars in UHPFRC without additional transverse reinforcement. Different splice lengths and UHPFRC mixes were tested. Internal strain measurements were used to capture the force transfer mechanism and the evolution of longitudinal strain distribution and associated bond stresses. The bond performance is clearly related to the pre- and post-cracking tensile capacity of UHPFRC. At a distance exceeding 2 db from bar extremities, bond stress distribution at failure displayed a quasi-constant value regardless of the lap splice length up 10 db. This reveals for short lap splices that the bearing action of all ribs along the splice length contributes equally in resisting the applied force. This experimental program provides experimental results for understanding the local force transfer mechanism in UHPFRC lap splice and contribute for further developments on bond in UHPFRC.
Ultra-High Performance Concretes (UHPC) are cement-based materials with a very low water-to-binder ratio that present a very-high compressive strength, high tensile strength and ductility as well as ...excellent durability, making them very interesting for various civil engineering applications. However, one drawback of UHPC is their pretty high autogenous shrinkage stemming from their very low water-to-binder ratio. There are several options to reduce UHPC shrinkage, such as the use of fibers (steel fibers, polypropylene fibers, wollastonite microfibers), shrinkage-reducing admixtures (SRA), expansive admixtures (EA), saturated lightweight aggregates (SLWA) and superabsorbent polymers (SAP). Other factors related to curing conditions, such as humidity and temperature, also affect the shrinkage of UHPC. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of various SRA, different mixing and curing conditions (low to moderate mixing temperatures, moderate to high relative humidity and water immersion) as well as different curing starting times and durations on the shrinkage of UHPC. The major importance of the initial mixing and curing conditions has been clearly demonstrated. It was shown that the shrinkage of the UHPC was reduced by more than 20% at early-age and long-term when the fresh UHPC temperature was closer to 20 °C. In addition, curing by water immersion led to drastic reductions in shrinkage of up to 65% and 30% at early-age and long-term, respectively, in comparison to a 20% reduction for fog curing at early-age. Finally, utilization of a liquid polyol-based SRA allowed for reductions of 69% and 63% of early-age and long-term shrinkages, respectively, while a powder polyol-based SRA provided a decrease of 47% and 35%, respectively.
In this paper the Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Disease proposes a revised definition of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in an attempt to bridge the gap between our recent understanding of ...the disease spectrum and its clinical presentation in relatives, which is key for early diagnosis and the institution of potential preventative measures. We also provide practical hints to identify subsets of the DCM syndrome where aetiology directed management has great clinical relevance.
With the development of e-commerce and smartphones, consumers can use a variety of shopping modes (i.e., showrooming, webrooming, and completely offline/online shopping), each of which provides ...specific advantages in terms of price, assortment, service, etc. Using a great variety of these shopping modes can confer many benefits. However, previous studies have found evidence of sizable segments of consumers who typically avoid using a great variety of shopping modes. To understand the contrast in consumers’ variety of shopping modes, we propose a theoretical framework and measure the effect of the desired variety in the information-seeking and purchase processes. Results – from a representative sample of the Spanish consumers – confirm that the variety of shopping modes pivots on the extent to which e-commerce use, smartphone use, offline and online interactivity, and online device interchangeability differ. Better understanding the variety of shopping modes may help marketers adjust their channel strategies to the actual preferences of different consumer segments and assess the economic viability of an omnichannel approach.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to improve plant fitness through the establishment of mycorrhizal symbioses. Genetic and phenotypic variations among closely related AMF isolates can ...significantly affect plant growth, but the genomic changes underlying this variability are unclear.
To address this issue, we improved the genome assembly and gene annotation of the model strain Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM197198, and compared its gene content with five isolates of R. irregularis sampled in the same field.
All isolates harbor striking genome variations, with large numbers of isolate-specific genes, gene family expansions, and evidence of interisolate genetic exchange. The observed variability affects all gene ontology terms and PFAM protein domains, as well as putative mycorrhiza-induced small secreted effector-like proteins and other symbiosis differentially expressed genes. High variability is also found in active transposable elements.
Overall, these findings indicate a substantial divergence in the functioning capacity of isolates harvested from the same field, and thus their genetic potential for adaptation to biotic and abiotic changes. Our data also provide a first glimpse into the genome diversity that resides within natural populations of these symbionts, and open avenues for future analyses of plant–AMF interactions that link AMF genome variation with plant phenotype and fitness.
Abstract Background Mutations in LMNA are variably expressed and may cause cardiomyopathy, atrioventricular block (AVB), or atrial arrhythmias (AAs) and ventricular arrhythmias (VA). Detailed natural ...history studies of LMNA -associated arrhythmic and nonarrhythmic outcomes are limited, and the prognostic significance of the index cardiac phenotype remains uncertain. Objectives This study sought to describe the arrhythmic and nonarrhythmic outcomes of LMNA mutation carriers and to assess the prognostic significance of the index cardiac phenotype. Methods The incidence of AVB, AA, sustained VA, left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVD) (= left ventricular ejection fraction ≤50%), and end-stage heart failure (HF) was retrospectively determined in 122 consecutive LMNA mutation carriers followed at 5 referral centers for a median of 7 years from first clinical contact. Predictors of VA and end-stage HF or death were determined. Results The prevalence of clinical manifestations increased broadly from index evaluation to median follow-up: AVB, 46% to 57%; AA, 39% to 63%; VA, 16% to 34%; and LVD, 44% to 57%. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators were placed in 59% of patients for new LVD or AVB. End-stage HF developed in 19% of patients, and 13% died. In patients without LVD at presentation, 24% developed new LVD, and 7% developed end-stage HF. Male sex (p = 0.01), nonmissense mutations (p = 0.03), and LVD at index evaluation (p = 0.004) were associated with development of VA, whereas LVD was associated with end-stage HF or death (p < 0.001). Mode of presentation (with isolated or combination of clinical features) did not predict sustained VA or end-stage HF or death. Conclusions LMNA -related heart disease was associated with a high incidence of phenotypic progression and adverse arrhythmic and nonarrhythmic events over long-term follow-up. The index cardiac phenotype did not predict adverse events. Genetic diagnosis and subsequent follow-up, including anticipatory planning for therapies to prevent sudden death and manage HF, is warranted.
V@R representation theorems in ambiguous frameworks Balbás, Alejandro; Charron, Jean‐Philippe
Applied stochastic models in business and industry,
May/June 2019, 2019-05-00, 20190501, Volume:
35, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The value at risk (V@R) is a very important risk measure with significant applications in finance (risk management, pricing, hedging, portfolio theory, etc), insurance (premium principles, optimal ...reinsurance, etc), production, marketing (newsvendor problem), etc. It also plays a critical role in regulation about risk (Basel, Solvency, etc), it is very appreciated by practitioners due to its intuitive interpretation, and it is the unique popular risk measure remaining finite for heavy tailed risks with unbounded expectation. Besides, ambiguous frameworks are becoming more and more usual in applications of risk analysis. Lack of data or committed errors may provoke discrepancies between real probabilities and estimated ones. This paper combines both V@R and ambiguous settings, and a new representation theorem for V@R is given. Consequently, inspired by previous studies dealing with coherent risk measures and their representation, we will give new methods to compute and optimize V@R under ambiguity. This seems to be a relevant finding because the analytical properties of V@R are very weak if one compares with a coherent risk measure. Indeed, V@R is neither continuous nor convex, which makes it very complicated to deal with it in mathematical approaches. Nevertheless, the results of this paper will allow us to transform computation and optimization problems involving V@R into continuous and differentiable problems.
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