Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is an important component of atmospheric fine particles (PM2.5), while the key factors controlling SOA formation in ambient air remain poorly understood. In this work, ...the SOA formation in Beijing urban ambient air was investigated using an oxidation flow reactor (OFR) with high concentrations of OH radicals. The SOA formation potential increased significantly with the increase of ambient PM2.5 concentration during the observation. The optimum ambient exposure time, which is the aging time equivalent to atmospheric oxidation (with similar OH exposure) associated with the peak SOA formation, varied between 2 and 4 days in this study. The OA enhancement in this study was much higher than that of developed countries under different environmental conditions. The higher OA enhancement is probably due to the higher concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the urban air of Beijing. This might also have occurred because fragmentation did not dominate in the oxidation of OA, and did not result in negative OA enhancement on highly polluted days compared to relatively clean days with similar exposure time. These results suggested that under typical ambient conditions, high concentrations of VOC precursors might contribute to sustained organic aerosol growth and long duration haze events in Beijing.
C-reactive protein (CRP) level in blood is associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular events in higher-risk populations. We present a sandwich ELISA-like assay for the determination of CRP ...in blood by citicoline-bovine serum albumin (citicoline-BSA) conjugate and aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticles (aptamer-AuNPs) nanozyme. The CRP in the blood sample was selectively adsorbed to the ELISA plate coated by citicoline-BSA, and then incubated with added aptamer-AuNPs. AuNPs exhibited peroxidase activity and oxidized 3,3′5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine from colorless to blue, achieving the measurement at 652 nm. The amplified signal increased linearly in a wide range from 0.1 to 200 ng mL−1 and with a detection limit of 8 pg mL−1. Finally, the method was further tested using rat blood from an isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction experimental model to confirm its applicability. The developed method could directly determine CRP in blood sample after dilution with high accuracy and sensitivity. This method has many advantages, such as easiness to prepare materials, good stability between batches, high specificity, low detection limit, low-cost, easiness to operate with simple instruments, the most remarkable of which is its excellent lot-to-lot stability over the classical ELISA.
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•ELISA-like assay without antibody/enzyme, achieving excellent lot-to-lot stability.•Conjugation of citicoline to BSA by glutaraldehyde for the first time.•Aptamer-AuNPs acts as a peroxidase nanozyme with CRP recognition in sample.•Blood sample was determined directly after dilution without any other pretreatment.•Can be applied to clinical analysis as a predictor for the risks of cardiovascular events.
Objective:
To assess the effect of platelet-rich plasma as a conservative therapy in individuals with partial-thickness rotator cuff tears or tendinopathy on pain, and function.
Data sources:
Embase, ...MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, CINAHL, PEDro, and the grey literature (to 31 March 2021).
Methods:
Randomized controlled trials in English that reported short-term (6 ± 1 months), or long-term (⩾1 year) outcomes (shoulder pain or function) were conducted. Two independent reviewers screened the literature, completed the assessment of the Cochrane’s risk of bias and extracted the data. Mean difference or standardized mean difference was used for continuous data. Heterogeneity was identified with I2 test.
Results:
A total of 11 studies were eligible, and nine studies (n = 629) were included in this meta-analysis, that showed statistically significant short-term effects of platelet-rich plasma on pain relief (MD = −1.56; 95% CI −2.82 to −0.30), Constant-Murley score (MD = 16.48; 95% CI 12.57 to 20.40), and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (MD = −18.78; 95% CI −36.55 to −1.02). Nonetheless, no long-term effect was observed on pain and function, except Constant-Murley score (MD = 24.30; 95% CI 23.27 to 25.33). The results of minimal important difference reached the minimal clinically important difference, except American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons. For subgroup analysis, differences of pain relief were statistically significant in platelet-rich plasma-treated groups with double centrifugation, single injection, and post-injection rehabilitation.
Conclusion:
Our results suggested platelet-rich plasma had positive effects on pain relief and functional improvement for partial-thickness rotator cuff tears and rotator cuff tendinopathy, although the effects may not last for a long time.
Abstract
Both field observation and experimental simulation have implied that black carbon or soot plays a remarkable role in the catalytic oxidation of SO
2
for the formation of atmospheric sulfate. ...However, the catalytic mechanism remains ambiguous, especially that under light irradiation. Here we systematically investigate the heterogeneous conversion of SO
2
on diesel soot or black carbon (DBC) under light irradiation. The experimental results show that the presence of DBC under light irradiation can significantly promote the heterogeneous conversion of SO
2
to H
2
SO
4
, mainly through the heterogeneous reaction between SO
2
and photo-induced OH radicals. The detected photo-chemical behaviors on DBC suggest that OH radical formation is closely related to the abstraction and transfer of electrons in DBC and the formation of reactive superoxide radical (•O
2
−
) as an intermediate. Our results extend the known sources of atmospheric H
2
SO
4
and provide insight into the internal photochemical oxidation mechanism of SO
2
on DBC.
The catalyst support 3DOM LaFeO3 contains highly ordered macropores that are connected with each other by small windows. 3DOM LaFeO3 supported gold catalysts, which combine the advantages of good ...contact by the macroporous support and highly active sites for activation of O2 by gold clusters, exhibit super catalytic performance for soot oxidation.
On the basis of the structure of nicotlactone A (L1), a series of novel α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone derivatives B1–B43 were designed and synthesized by structure simplification and active fragment ...replacement strategies, and their antiviral and antifungal activities were evaluated. The bioassay studies indicated that many target compounds possessed good to excellent antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and some of these compounds exhibited specific antifungal activities against Valsa mali and Fusarium graminearum. Compound B32 exhibited the best anti-TMV activity (inactivation effect, 88.9%; protection effect, 65.8%; curative effect, 52.8%) in vivo at 500 mg/L, which is significantly higher than that of commercial virucides ribavirin and ningnanmycin. The inhibition effect of compound B32 was also visualized by the inoculation test using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled TMV. The preliminary antiviral mechanism of compound B32 was investigated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that compound B32 could destroy the integrity of virus particles. Then, molecular docking and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) analysis further demonstrated that compound B32 exhibited a strong binding affinity to the TMV coat protein with a dissociation constant (K d) of 3.06 μM, superior to ribavirin. Thus, we deduced that compound B32 may interfere with the self-assembly of TMV particles by binding TMV coat protein (CP). In addition, compound B28 showed good in vitro activity against F. graminearum with an inhibition rate of 90.9% at 50 mg/L, which was greater than that of fluxapyroxad (59.1%) but lower than that of the commercial fungicide carbendazim (96.8%). The present study provides support for the application of these α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone derivatives as novel antiviral and antifungal agents in crop protection.
An herbal prescription is usually composed of several herbal medicines. The complex and diverse components bring great challenges to its bioactivity study. To comprehensively analyze the bioactivity ...of an herbal prescription, a new strategy based on peak‐by‐peak cutting and knock‐out chromatography was proposed. In this strategy, active compounds were screened out via peak‐by‐peak cutting from an herbal extract, and the influence of a compound on the overall activity of the herbal extract was evaluated by knock‐out chromatography. Qiliqiangxin capsule is an herbal prescription composed of 11 herbal medicines for the treatment of chronic heart failure. A total of 71 peaks were collected through peak‐by‐peak cutting, and each peak was identified by a high‐resolution mass spectrum. The bioassay against 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl showed that two types of compounds namely salvianolic acids and caffeoylquinic acids were potent scavengers. Knock‐out chromatography suggested that the removal of one single compound had no obvious influence on the overall activity of the Qiliqiangxin capsule. After all the main peaks in the Qiliqiangxin capsule were knocked out, the remaining part still exhibited a potent activity, indicating high activity stability of the Qiliqiangxin capsule. The proposed strategy is helpful for the comprehensive analysis of the bioactivity of other herbal prescriptions.
An efficient formation of synthetically and biologically relevant β‐ketosulfones via a photo‐mediated decarboxylative ketonization of atropic acids was disclosed. The approach features metal‐free ...conditions, good functional group compatibility, readily available starting materials and the use of ubiquitous dioxygen as both oxygen source and oxidant. Furthermore, mechanistic studies reveal that the decarboxylative ketonization reaction proceeds via a radical mechanism and may involve a radical chain reaction.
Aim
This study examined the correlation among turnover intention, emotional intelligence and job burnout in male nurses and determined its influencing factors.
Background
The number of male nurses ...has increased in China; however, the turnover rate is very high. Nurses’ turnover intention is related to job burnout and emotional intelligence.
Introduction
Recent studies have shown that job burnout and emotional intelligence are related to medical and health institution employees’ intention to leave their jobs. It is not clear if the same conclusions can be drawn about male nurses.
Methods
For this cross‐sectional study, 627 male nurses were recruited from across China between May and July 2018. Data were collected through an online questionnaire, and Pearson's product‐moment correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression were performed to analyse the data.
Results
There was a weak negative, moderate positive and moderate negative correlation between turnover intention and emotional intelligence, turnover intention and job burnout, and emotional intelligence and job burnout, respectively. Factors that significantly affected turnover intention among male nurses included job burnout, young age, lack of interest in nursing and working in the emergency department.
Conclusion
The study revealed the factors that affected male nurses’ turnover intention and the relationships between turnover intention, emotional intelligence and job burnout.
Implications for Nursing Management and Social Policy
Hospital managers should provide necessary help and support to reduce male nurse turnover rates and incorporate emotional intelligence training. The policy should eliminate the unfair college admission practices for students choosing nursing majors, raise the nursing profession's salaries and vigorously develop specialty nursing. In addition, diversified values should be promoted, and stereotypes of male nurses in nursing should be broken.
The gestational weight gain (GWG) range of Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear. Our objective was to identify the ranges of GWG in Chinese women with GDM and to ...investigate the associations between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), GWG and maternal-infant adverse outcomes. Cases of GDM women who delivered singletons from 2013 to 2018 in a public hospital were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the joint effects of prepregnancy BMI and GWG on maternal-infant adverse outcomes. Ultimately, 14,578 women were collected. The ranges of GWG in Chinese women with GDM were different from the National Academy of Medicine's (NAM) recommendation. The ranges of GWG of Chinese women with GDM in the underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese groups were 5.95-21.95 kg, 4.23-21.83 kg, 0.88-21.12 kg and - 1.76 to 19.95 kg, respectively. The risks of large for gestational age (LGA), macrosomia and caesarean delivery were significantly increased with the increasing prepregnancy BMI. Furthermore, the risks of LGA, macrosomia and caesarean delivery were significantly higher in the normal weight group with a GWG higher than the NAM recommendation. Similarly, in the overweight group with a GWG higher than the NAM recommendation, the risks of LGA were significantly higher, while the risks of macrosomia were significantly lower. Overall, we determined the range of GWG in different prepregnancy BMI groups. And GDM women with high prepregnancy BMI and excessive GWG were associated with the higher risks of maternal-infants adverse outcomes in China.
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