Industrial parks are flourishing globally and are mostly equipped with a shareable energy infrastructure, which has a long service lifetime and thus locks in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We ...conducted a two-phase study to decarbonize Chinese industrial parks by targeting energy infrastructure. Firstly, a high-resolution geodatabase of energy infrastructure in 1604 industrial parks was established. These energy infrastructures largely featured heavy coal dependence, small capacities, cogeneration of heat and power, and were young in age. Cumulative GHG emissions, during their remaining lifetime, will reach 46.2 Gt CO
equivalent(eq.); comparable to the 11% of the 1.5 °C global carbon budget. Secondly, a vintage stock model was developed by tailoring countermeasures for each unit and implementing a cost-benefit analysis and life cycle assessment. Total GHG mitigation potential was quantified as 8%~16% relative to the baseline scenario with positive economic benefits. The synergistic reductions in freshwater consumption, SO
emissions, and NO
emissions will stand at rates of 34~39%, 24%~31% and 10%~14%, respectively.
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•PBTR framework for priority antibiotic screening was established for the first time.•Resistance risk was incorporated into environmental risk assessment of antibiotics.•A list of 74 ...antibiotics in Chinese seawater from 2000 to 2021 was established.•Priority antibiotics have been identified in the four seas of China for the first time.
Antibiotics are emerging pollutants that have detrimental effects on both target and non-target organisms in the environment. However, current methods for environmental risk assessment primarily focus on the risk to non-target organisms in ecosystems, overlooking a crucial risk of antibiotics - the induction of resistance in targeted bacteria. To address this oversight, we have incorporated resistance (R) risk with persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity (PBT) to establish a more comprehensive PBTR (persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and resistance) framework for antibiotic-specific risk assessment. Using the PBTR framework, we evaluated 74 antibiotics detected in Chinese seawater from 2000 to 2021, and identified priority antibiotics. Our analysis revealed that the priority antibiotics with R risk accounted for the largest proportion (50% to 70%), followed by P risk (40% to 58%), T risk (16% to 35%) and B risk (0 to 13%). To further categorize these priority antibiotics, we assigned them a risk level according to their fulfillment of criteria related to P, B, T, and R. Antibiotics meeting all four indicators were classified as Grade I, representing the highest risk level. Grade II and Grade III were assigned to antibiotics meeting three or two indicators, respectively. Antibiotics meeting only one indicator were classified as Grade IV, representing the lowest risk level. The majority of priority antibiotics fell into Grade IV, indicating low risk (55% to 79%), followed by Grade III (16% to 45%). The highest risk antibiotic identified in this study was clindamycin (CLIN), categorized as Grade II, in the East China Sea. Our findings aligned with previous studies for 25 antibiotics, affirming the validity of the PBTR framework. Moreover, we identified 13 new priority antibiotics, highlighting the advancement of this approach. This study provides a feasible screening strategy and monitoring recommendations for priority antibiotics in Chinese seawater.
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•Coastal area is an ideal platform for studying antibiotic resistome from the “One Health” perspective.•Land-based wastewater disposal exports ARGs with higher diversity and abundance ...to sea.•Industrial WWTP effluent might be the source of highest antibiotic resistome risk.•mcr-4 and mcr-5 derived from industrial effluent were enriched in the ERA sediments.•HGT potential was higher between microbiome of industrial effluent and its ERA sediments.
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been regarded as an important source of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in environment, but out of municipal domestic WWTPs, few evidences show how environment is affected by industrial WWTPs. Here we chose Hangzhou Bay (HZB), China as our study area, where land-based municipal and industrial WWTPs discharged their effluent into the bay for decades. We adopted high-throughput metagenomic sequencing to examine the antibiotic resistome of the WWTP effluent and coastal sediment samples. And we proposed a conceptual framework for the assessment of antibiotic resistome risk, and a new bioinformatic pipeline for the evaluation of the potential horizontal gene transfer (HGT) frequency. Our results revealed that the diversity and abundance of ARGs in the WWTP’s effluent were significantly higher than those in the sediment. Furthermore, the antibiotic resistome in the effluent-receiving area (ERA) showed significant difference from that in HZB. For the first time, we identified that industrial WWTP effluent boosted antibiotic resistome risk in coastal sediment. The crucial evidences included: 1) the proportion of ARGs derived from WWTP activated sludge (WA) was higher (14.3 %) and two high-risky polymyxin resistance genes (mcr-4 and mcr-5) were enriched in the industrial effluent receiving area; 2) the HGT potential was higher between resistant microbiome of the industrial effluent and its ERA sediment; and 3) the highest resistome risk was determined in the industrial effluent, and some biocide resistance genes located on high-risky contigs were related to long-term stress of industrial chemicals. These findings highlight the important effects of industrial activities on the development of environmental antimicrobial resistance.
China has posed great importance on green development, a model for economic transformation that enhances public welfare while sustaining environment and resources. Meanwhile, China has the largest ...number of industrial parks which is crucial for both the global supply chain and national economy. Diversified green development demonstration programs have been promoted with a top-down paradigm facilitated by the central government due to the parks’ important roles in industrial development and pollution control. There is a growing knowledge body about the green development of the parks, and Chinese cases accounted for the largest share of peer-reviewed publications. This article provides a review of academic papers and grey documents on the topic since 2000 by descriptive and bibliometric analysis. We extract five major research focuses by keyword clustering of 129 peer-reviewed articles, namely, the planning of eco-industrial parks, the improvement of environmental management, the evolution of industrial symbiosis and supply chain networks, the optimization of infrastructure, and the assessment of economic-environmental performance. Then, diversified practices of green development in Chinese industrial parks are further enriched by supplementing grey literature and practice. Based on the literature and ongoing practice, we explain the green development model for Chinese IPs and conclude inadequate dissemination of concept and knowledge, heterogeneity of interest, untargeted assessment and guidance, and backward management system are the five major challenges in the field. The review can inspire the scientific community, policymakers, and practitioners in China and other developing countries to further promote green development by targeting industrial parks.
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•129 peer-reviewed papers and 31 grey documents on the topic are reviewed.•Descriptive and bibliometric analysis are performed based on the 129 papers.•Five major research focuses are extracted and reviewed by keyword clustering.•Diversified practices of green development are concluded by the literature.•Four challenges and prospects based on the review and practice are discussed.
Abstract
The carbon emission trading in China is mainly managed by a centralized system, with too much administrative intervention and a lack transparent trading information. This has led to the ...inactivity of the carbon trading market. To innovate the carbon market in China and help small and medium-sized carbon reduction enterprises to achieve the “dual carbon” target, the essay firstly launches a research on the intelligent integrated energy control system (including data uploaded to blockchain, data capitalization and carbon pool bank) based on the low-concentration gas treatment project of Shizuishan abandoned coalmine. The system solves the problems of non-transparent data utilization of abandoned coalmine gas and launches the full life circle carbon trace management mechanism for carbon emission and trading. Secondly, based on the energy control system, the Financing of Capitalized Carbon Quota by Blockchain (FCCQB) business model has been proposed for the first time in China to solve the problem of financing difficulties, lack of financing channels and inadequate policy support for small and medium-sized carbon reduction enterprises. The carbon trading market has achieved interconnectivity and high efficiency by the traceable and indispensable characteristics of blockchain. Besides, the FCCQB business model can be promoted in various industrial parks and enterprise gathering areas across the country.
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•An inventory of water and energy use in Chinese industrial parks is established.•A life-cycle accounting is applied to water and energy use in parks.•Water and energy use in parks ...are closely linked and positively correlated.•Water and energy use in parks are targeted toward 2020 and 2030.
Industrial parks are main sites for industrial sectors and are critical clients for water and energy management. However, the water-energy nexus at the industrial park-level is still poorly understood. This study established high-resolution profiles of water use and energy consumption and their linkages in Chinese industrial parks for the first time. Based on this inventory, the water use and energy consumption of 209 Chinese national industrial parks were uncovered from a life-cycle perspective. The total water use of these parks accounted for 6% of national industrial water use, while the total energy consumption accounted for 10% of national energy consumption. Surface water and coal played an undeniably dominant role in direct water and energy structures, with a share of 95% and 74%, respectively. The water-energy nexus was then analyzed, and we observed that the indirect water use embodied in the energy sector (29% of the total water use) was much more significant than the indirect energy consumption induced by the water sector (nearly 0% of the total energy consumption). Moreover, water and energy were closely linked and positively correlated in industrial parks; energy-intensive parks generally tended to be water-intensive. Finally, water use and energy consumption in the parks toward 2020 and 2030 were targeted, according to cap and intensity controls highlighted in national strategies. The results indicated that to achieve the governing goals, water and energy should be managed jointly, particularly considering the indirect water use embodied in the energy sector.
“Adsorbable organic halogens (AOX)” is a comprehensive index defined as the sum of all halogenated organic compounds which can be adsorbed onto the activated carbon and detected by microcoulometry. ...AOX have received increasing attention because of their widespread distribution, potential toxicity and bioaccumulation. It is urgent to control AOX pollution due to their hazard to eco-environment and human health. However, a significant gap still exists in our knowledge of the source, pollution extent and character of AOX. This review describes the contamination status of AOX and identifies their key sources, pollution-intensive sectors as well as emission hotspots. Considering the generation of AOX during high salinity wastewater treatments and the accumulation of AOX in sludges, the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which have been neglected previously, are identified as potential sources of AOX. Besides, the performance and innovative improvements of AOX removal technologies are critically evaluated. Different scenarios are proposed to enhance removal efficiency and avoid byproduct generation during AOX treatment processes.
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•AOX deserve more attention due to their potential hazards.•This review describes the contamination status and key sources of AOX.•WWTP is a potential source of AOX pollution.•The performance of AOX removal technologies is critically compared.
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