The study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of an abbreviated protocol (AP) of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in comparison to a full diagnostic protocol (FDP) of MRI in the breast cancer screening ...with dense breast tissue.
There are 478 female participants with dense breast tissue and negative mammography results, who were imaged with MRI using AP and FDP. The AP and FDP images were analyzed separately, and the sensitivity and specificity of breast cancer detection were calculated. The chi-square test and receiver operating characteristics curves were used to assess the breast cancer diagnostic capabilities of the two protocols.
Sixteen cases of breast cancer from 478 patients with dense breasts were detected using the FDP method, with pathologic confirmation of nine cases of ductal carcinoma in situ, six cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, and one case of mucinous carcinoma. Fifteen cases of breast cancer were successfully screened using the AP method. The sensitivity showed no obvious significant difference between AP and FDP (χ
= 0.592, P = 0.623), but the specificity showed a statistically significant difference (χ
= 4.619, P = 0.036). The receiver operating characteristics curves showed high efficacy of both methods in the detection of breast cancer in dense breast tissue (the areas under the curve were 0.931 ± 0.025 and 0.947 ± 0.024, respectively), and the ability to diagnose breast cancer was not statistically significantly different between the two methods.
The AP of MRI may improve the detection rate of breast cancer in dense breast tissue, and it may be useful in efficient breast cancer screening.
•The CAA of different honeys were evaluated comprehensively.•The CAA markers in honey were firstly explored based on the QCAR.•The antioxidant research on fennel honey was firstly ...investigated.•Phenolic acids, flavonoids and free amino acids in different honeys were analyzed.•Isosakuranetin, cryptochlorogenic acid and methionine were firstly found in honey.
Antioxidant molecules in honey contributed to various biological effects, but antioxidant components markers in honey are required to be investigated further. Phenolic compounds, flavonoids and free amino acids were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS and HPLC-FLD from 39 honey samples, in which fennel honey was firstly investigated. Based on the quantitative composition-activity relationship, the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay of various honeys is closely related with the interaction of some phenolic compounds (isoferulic acid, 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, salicylic acid), flavonoids (isosakuranetin, sakuranetin, pinocembrin, vitexin, taxifolin, galangin, luteolin, chrysin) and free amino acids (Tyr, Gly, Ile, Glu, Val, Phe, Leu, Asp, His, Pro, Ala). The results would be beneficial for the understanding of the nutritional values, exploitation and utilization of honeys with different floral origins, further contributable to the market development and consumption choice of honey.
Although many methods have been developed to create porous structures within polyelectrolyte films, it remains a challenge to conveniently define the spatial distribution of these structures. Herein, ...a simple, universal strategy with a high flexibility in programming porous regions throughout polyelectrolyte films is reported. This strategy is performed with the aid of laser scanning and the emergence of porous regions precisely tails after the moving path of laser beams. Quite different from previous strategies, the pore‐forming mechanism relies on laser‐triggered generation of gas to foam the films, which can be regulated by the content of photo‐sensitive groups, the intensity of laser beams, and the supramolecular interactions between polyelectrolyte chains. A prerequisite to succeed the foaming of polyelectrolyte films is to irradiate them under water, where the mobility of polyelectrolytes is activated to accommodate the pore formation within the films. Although many pore‐forming mechanisms involve aqueous systems, the porous structures here can be well preserved during drying procedures, which is hardly realized for conventional methods due to the formation of capillary pressure. The resulting polyelectrolyte films with patterned porosity can be quite useful in many fields, including but not limited to information display, surface wettability, and cell behavior manipulation.
A simple, universal strategy is proposed to achieve high flexibility in programming porous regions throughout polyelectrolyte films. The pore‐forming method here relies on photo‐triggered generation of gas to foam the films and is performed with the aid of laser scanning to make the emergence of porous regions precisely follow the moving path of laser beams.
A photoinduced charge transfer complex (CTC)-enabled photoreduction of carborane phosphonium salts for the cage carbon (hetero)arylation of carboranes was developed. It offers a convenient approach ...for introducing a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl groups, such as pyrroles, thiophenes, indoles, thianaphthenes, benzofurans, pyridines, and benzenes, into carboranes. This strategy offers operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and a broad substrate scope, making it highly advantageous.
Seven new quinazoline-containing indole alkaloids (1–7) named aspertoryadins A–G, along with nine known ones (8–16), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. HNMF114 from the ...bivalve mollusk Sanguinolaria chinensis. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated from spectroscopic data, X-ray diffraction analysis, ECD spectra analysis, and ECD calculations. Compound 1 bears an aminosulfonyl group in the structure, which is rarely encountered in natural products. Compounds 6, 7, and 13 exhibited quorum sensing inhibitory activity against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 with MIC values of 32, 32, and 16 μg/well, respectively.
Scope
The oral absorption, distribution, excretion, and bioavailability of zinc sulfate (ZnS), zinc gluconate (ZnG), and zinc‐enriched yeast (ZnY) in rats are fully and systemically compared for the ...first time.
Methods and results
After zinc compounds were orally administered to rats at a single dose of 4 mg Zn kg–1, blood, tissues, urine, and feces at different time points were collected for the quantification of zinc concentration. Blood was also harvested for the zinc assay in the multiple‐dose administration. Plasma zinc levels among three zinc compounds showed no difference, and zinc was widely distributed in various tissues with the level sequence of bone > liver > pancreas > testes. The net Zn balance was 2.993, 5.125, and 7.482% for ZnS, ZnG, and ZnY, respectively.
Conclusion
ZnS, ZnG, and ZnY show equivalent bioavailability based on plasma and tissues zinc levels, although ZnY was statistically more absorbed and retained than ZnS and ZnG based on the excretion amount.
After zinc sulfate (ZnS), zinc gluconate (ZnG), and zinc‐enriched yeast (ZnY) are orally administered to rats, plasma, tissues, urine, and feces at different time points are collected for the quantification of zinc concentration. The oral absorption, distribution, excretion, and bioavailability of ZnS, ZnG, and ZnY are compared.
The lithospheric root underneath the Dabie orogen, which is the key part of the Central Orogen of China, experienced a cycle of thickening during Triassic continent-continent collision with ...subsequent post-collisional collapse during the Early Cretaceous. However, the process and mechanism of how thickened lithospheric roots are removed generally remain controversial. U–Pb ages and oxygen isotopes of zircons along with whole-rock geochemistry of post-collisional mafic–intermediate dykes in the region were used to track magmatic contributions from the lower crust, and constrain magma provenance from compositionally variable reservoirs in the upper mantle. Relict zircons show evidence of recycling of subducted continental crust of South China Block that not only has the Neoproterozoic ages and experienced the Triassic metamorphism, but also contains both 18O-depleted and enriched components. A first generation of hypersthene-normative tholeiitic dykes and nepheline-normative alkaline dykes were emplaced at ca. 130–120 Ma. They are overall characterized by arc-like geochemical patterns with εNd values from −21.6 to −4.6 and initial 87Sr/86Sr from 0.7056 to 0.7094. Coeval alkaline dykes are shifted towards more depleted-mantle like compositions, indicating simultaneous melt extraction from different mantle domains and depths. In contrast, second-generation hypersthene-normative mafic dykes (ca. 115–110 Ma) show OIB-like characteristics with εNd values from −1.5 to +4.8 and initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios from 0.7039 to 0.7049, indicating an increasing contribution from upwelling asthenospheric mantle during lithospheric thinning. The temporal evolution of the geochemical characteristics of mafic melts derived from the upper mantle in the Dabie orogen is consistent with foundering of thickened lithosphere and subsequent influx of asthenospheric mantle. The removal of thickened lithosphere root is suggested to be triggered by subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate and lasted from ca. 130–115 Ma as constrained by the intrusive ages of two distinct types of tholeiitic dykes.
•The Dabie orogen underwent post-collisional collapse during the Early Cretaceous.•First-generation of Hy- and Ne- normative dykes originated from hybrid mantle domains.•Second-generation tholeiitic dykes indicate removal of thickened lithospheric root.•Xenocrystic zircons show close affinities to crustal rocks of the South China Block.•The post-collisional collapse was triggered by subduction of Paleo-Pacific plate.
An interesting ratiometric fluorescent probe with unique optical performance was reported in this work. By modifying on the bridge-head of heptamethine cyanine chromophore with an ...N-phenyl-N’-ethylene amine thiourea substituent as a chemodosimetric recognition unit, the probe exhibited ratiometric fluorescent response towards hypochlorous acid (HClO). Upon addition of HClO, the absorbance spectra showed a great red shift as large as 150nm from 650nm to 800nm. Employing the isosbestic absorption point at 730nm as an excitation wavelength, a ratiometric fluorescent sensing mode with two long emission wavelengths at 760nm and 820nm was acquired, and thus the probe displayed significant behavior with both the excitation wavelength and the dual-emission wavelengths located at NIR (650–900nm) region exclusively. Also, the probe showed excellent performance in high sensitivity and good selectivity towards HClO over other reactive oxygen species and a wide variety of coexist species in biological pH condition and had been successfully used to detect hypochlorous acid in serum samples and tap water samples.
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•A ratiometric fluorescent heptamethine cyanine-based probe for HClO was developed.•HClO was measured with the excitation and the dual-emission wavelengths at NIR Region.•The mechanism relies on HClO-promoted desulfurization to afford a guanidine group.•The probe showed high sensitivity and good selectivity towards HClO.
The Ghohroud granitoids (GG), containing mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) are located in the central part of the Urumieh‐Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA) in central Iran. They are associated with the ...subduction‐related magmatism in the Alpine‐Himalayan orogenic belt. The GG are comprised of a variety of intermediate and felsic rocks, including tonalite, granodiorite, granite, diorite porphyry and monzodiorite. The MMEs are gabbroic diorite and tonalite in composition and characterized by a fine‐grained hypidiomorphic microgranular texture with occasional chilled margins. They show rounded, sharp or irregular contact with the host granitoids. The occurrences of quartz, K‐feldspar and corroded plagioclase indicate that MMEs are the products of mixing between mantle and crust‐derived magmas. New ages of zircon U–Pb dating reveal that the GG in the Kashan area emplaced at ca. 19–17 Ma (Burdigalian). All the samples of MMEs and granitoid host rocks in this study are metaluminous and calc‐alkaline with I‐type affinities. They are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and show slight negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.36–0.95). These features in a combination with the relative depletion in Nb, Ta, Ti and P, indicate the granitoids and MMEs are closely associated with subduction‐related magmas at an active continental margin. The host rocks yield relatively homogeneous isotopic compositions of initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios ranging from 0.706036 to 0.707055, εNd(t) values varying from −2.25 to 0.8, and the Nd model ages (TDM) vary in a limited range of 0.70–0.96 Ga. The MMEs show similar initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.706420–0.707366), εNd(t) values (−1.32 to −0.27), TDM (0.68–1.09 Ga) and Pb isotopic compositions with host granitoids, which imply they attained isotopic equilibration during magma mingling and mixing. In combination with the petrographic, chemical and isotopic results, we suggest that the origin of MMEs and their host rocks were related to the interaction between crust‐derived melts and mantle‐derived mafic magmas. The magma‐mixing event possibly occurred during the transition from subduction to collision in the UDMA along with the closure of the Neotethyan ocean.
A comprehensive dataset from petrographic characteristics to geochemical compositions of the mafic microgranular enclaves and granitoid host rocks from the Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (Iran) was presented. The new data provide significant insight into the evolution of magmatism in this area, which was tightly related to the Neotethyan closure.
