Personalized music teaching in universities improves students’ learning and efficiency through adaptive guidance. This adaptability requires large study data and intelligent decisions based on the ...learner’s ability. This article introduces a Definitive Teaching Support System (DTSS) exclusive to music learning to augment this concept. This system is designed to increase the adaptability of music learning based on student interest and ability. The system is powered by a fuzzy decision system for identifying maximum teaching adaptability to personalized processes. Low-to-high-sorted personalization provides new endorsements for further music sessions in the fuzzy derivative process. Maximum adaptability is the target for new personalized sessions in the universities. This differs for various students from which a common adaptability level for monotonous recommendations is identified. The identified adaptability is set as a global maximum solution towards music learning personalization. The defuzzification reduces the chances of low adaptability by expelling the stationary adaptability outcomes.
The article adopts the correlation function method to extract the fundamental frequency features of vocal speech signals and processes this information through the cepstrum method. Then, the audio ...signals are corrected by linear smoothing to match the features of the students’ audio signals with the features of the musical score to determine the accuracy of the vocal music. The study also includes quantization, frame-splitting, and windowing preprocessing of the audio signals, and constructing an unwritten audio signal feature set based on correlation feature selection. The article also proposes an innovative metaphorical method for improving the teaching mode of vocal music courses in colleges and universities. It analyzes the auxiliary role of information technology in teaching vocal music courses by combining simulation experiments with the effects of practical application. The study results show that the students’ vocal singing fundamental frequency range is close to the standard, roughly 123 to 200, with a maximum error value of 24. With the assistance of information fusion technology, the average score increment of the students’ vocal singing reaches 6.088 points, proving this method’s effectiveness in improving the quality of verbal music teaching.
Bone defects repair and regeneration by various causes such as tumor resection, trauma, degeneration, etc. have always been a key issue in the clinics. As one of the few organs that can regenerate ...after adulthood, bone itself has a strong regenerative ability. In recent decades, bone tissue engineering technology provides various types of functional scaffold materials and seed cells for bone regeneration and repair, which significantly accelerates the speed and quality of bone regeneration, and many clinical problems are gradually solved. However, the bone metabolism mechanism is complicated, the research duration is long and difficult, which significantly restricts the progress of bone regeneration and repair research. Organoids as a new concept, which is built in vitro with the help of tissue engineering technology based on biological theory, can simulate the complex biological functions of organs in vivo. Once proposed, it shows broad application prospects in the research of organ development, drug screening, mechanism study, and so on. As a complex and special organ, bone organoid construction itself is quite challenging. This review will introduce the characteristics of bone microenvironment, the concept of organoids, focus on the research progress of bone organoids, and propose the strategies for bone organoid construction, study direction, and application prospects.
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•This review introduces the concept and recent progress of bone organoids.•This review proposes the study focus and strategies for constructing bone organoids.•This review summarizes the potential applications of bone organoids.
Carbon flux metasomatism in the subduction environment is an important process, but it remains poorly understood. The paucity of exposed lower crust and upper mantle rocks in continental arcs renders ...xenoliths a major target for studying the slab-derived carbon cycle. This study of the carbonate phases in volcanic rocks from three drill cores in Ulleung Island, South Korea, sheds light on the interaction of carbon flux in the upper mantle and lower crust in a back-arc setting. The volcanic rocks from Ulleung Island range in composition from trachybasalt to trachyte and contain abundant euhedral pseudomorphic carbonate grains, ulvöspinel-hosted and biotite-hosted carbonate-silicate melt inclusions, and irregular carbonate globules. Integrated petrographic and geochemical studies of a variety of phenocrysts, carbonate phases, and carbonate-silicate inclusions in biotite and ulvöspinel indicate that recharging of carbon flux affected magma evolution. Carbon and oxygen isotopes of the pseudomorphic carbonate grains overlap with mantle values, indicating a carbonatite-like origin of the carbonate phases. The (MgO, FeO, CaO)-rich silicates in ulvöspinel-hosted silicate inclusions and pseudomorphic carbonate grains likely represent a primary melt, which formed from the partial melting of carbonated eclogite of the subducted slab within the mantle wedge beneath Ulleung Island. A petrogenetic model is proposed to illustrate that the crystal mush in the magma chamber was intruded by carbonate-rich liquids and caused alteration of cumulate crystals to generate the euhedral pseudomorphic carbonate grains. The extrusive magma captured those pseudomorphic grains and erupted to form the trachybasalt-trachyte units. The observed carbonate phases and their geochemical characteristics indicate that carbon flux metasomatism played a fundamental role in this back-arc magmatism.
Deep learning, which is a subfield of machine learning, has opened a new era for the development of neural networks. The auto-encoder is a key component of deep structure, which can be used to ...realize transfer learning and plays an important role in both unsupervised learning and non-linear feature extraction. By highlighting the contributions and challenges of recent research papers, this work aims to review state-of-the-art auto-encoder algorithms. Firstly, we introduce the basic auto-encoder as well as its basic concept and structure. Secondly, we present a comprehensive summarization of different variants of the auto-encoder. Thirdly, we analyze and study auto-encoders from three different perspectives. We also discuss the relationships between auto-encoders, shallow models and other deep learning models. The auto-encoder and its variants have successfully been applied in a wide range of fields, such as pattern recognition, computer vision, data generation, recommender systems, etc. Then, we focus on the available toolkits for auto-encoders. Finally, this paper summarizes the future trends and challenges in designing and training auto-encoders. We hope that this survey will provide a good reference when using and designing AE models.
MicroRNAs play an essential role in stroke pathology. Here, we investigated the role of a newly identified microRNA, miR-3473b, in stroke pathology. The expression of miR-3473b was upregulated in the ...cortex and striatum in mice following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Intracerebroventricular injection of the miR-3473b antagomir prior to MCAO remarkably attenuated ischemia-induced expression of miR-3473b and pro-inflammatory factors in the ischemic brain and decreased infarct volumes in mice following MCAO. Using in vitro approaches, we showed that the miR-3473b antagomir reduced the mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory factors (iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6) in BV2 microglial cells subjected to LPS stimulation. The miR-3473b antagomir also decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in BV2 cells activated with conditioned medium collected from oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated neurons. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a physiological regulator of innate and adaptive immunity, was predicted to be a potential target of miR-3473b. We verified that the miR-3473b mimic decreased SOCS3 expression in BV2 cells. Meanwhile, the miR-3473b antagomir significantly increased both SOCS3 mRNA and protein levels in the BV2 cells treated with LPS as well as in the ischemic brain. By using the dual luciferase assay, we further showed that the 3'-untranslational region of SOCS3 was directly targeted by miR-3473b. In conclusion, induction of miR-3473b, which is likely targeted to SOCS3, contributes to stroke pathogenesis by enhancing post-stroke neuroinflammation injury.
Abiotic stresses are major environmental factors that affect agricultural productivity worldwide. NAC transcription factors play pivotal roles in abiotic stress signaling in plants. As a staple crop, ...wheat production is severely constrained by abiotic stresses whereas only a few NAC transcription factors have been characterized functionally. To promote the application of NAC genes in wheat improvement by biotechnology, a novel NAC gene designated TaNAC67 was characterized in common wheat. To determine its role, transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing TaNAC67-GFP controlled by the CaMV-35S promoter was generated and subjected to various abiotic stresses for morphological and physiological assays. Gene expression showed that TaNAC67 was involved in response to drought, salt, cold and ABA treatments. Localization assays revealed that TaNAC67 localized in the nucleus. Morphological analysis indicated the transgenics had enhanced tolerances to drought, salt and freezing stresses, simultaneously supported by enhanced expression of multiple abiotic stress responsive genes and improved physiological traits, including strengthened cell membrane stability, retention of higher chlorophyll contents and Na(+) efflux rates, improved photosynthetic potential, and enhanced water retention capability. Overexpression of TaNAC67 resulted in pronounced enhanced tolerances to drought, salt and freezing stresses, therefore it has potential for utilization in transgenic breeding to improve abiotic stress tolerance in crops.
Polyimide composites with high thermal conductivity and low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) at a low filler loading for maintaining their processability and flexibility are critical for ...high-power microelectronic devices. We proposed a mechanochemical approach that was induced by ball-milling to prepare high-thermal-conductivity polyimide/boron nitride (BN) films with low CTE. In the mechanochemical process, BN platelets were dispersed uniformly in poly(amic acid) solution along with partial BN exfoliation and covalent linkage with polymer chains under mechanical force, followed by in-plane orientation in polyimide matrix during film formation and thermal imidization, resulting in the formation of heat-transfer network in the composite. Therefore, a superhigh in-plane thermal conductivity of 14.7 W/(m·K) could be achieved at only 20 wt% BN and the CTE decreased simultaneously from 33.5 ppm/K of pure polyimide to ~20 ppm/K. This method is simple and efficient, and enables simultaneous BN platelets peeling and surface covalent modification in one step, which allows for excellent matrix dispersion and the fabrication of high-thermal-conductivity composites.
•Preparing PI-BN films with high TC and low CTE by mechanochemical approach.•One-step achieving BN uniform-dispersion, partial exfoliation and covalent linkage.•Filler-filler heat transfer network formation by BN orientation and BNNS bridging.•Simultaneously achieving TC of 14.7 W/(m·K) and CTE of ~20 ppm/K at only 20% BN.
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