Reconstructing the body of acupuncture and moxibustion knowledge was seen as an important measure to prove the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine in the Republican period of China. Many ...physicians, such as Cheng Dan'an and Huang Zhuzhai in particular, made efforts to promote innovation in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion. Cheng Dan'an wrote textbooks, in which he made a reasonable choice between the traditional knowledge of acupuncture and moxibustion and modern biomedicine in accordance with the clinical efficacy, and the textbooks were widely circulated. Huang Zhuzhai in his monographs, however, persisted in the orthodoxy of the fundamental doctrines stemmed from the Inner Cannon of the Yellow Emperor (known in Chinese as Huangdi neijing), and adopted the method of textual criticism to collate and annotate various theories of acupuncture and moxibustion. Huang's work was approved by the Institute of National Medicine as an accredited textbook nationwide, but the response was not as good as originally expected. Considering the academic perspectives per se, the two representative patterns of the knowledge transformation of acupuncture and moxibustion in the Republican period of China had distinct endings. It identified that refining the traditional knowledge of acupuncture and moxibustion based on empirical rationality was critical in the knowledge modernization of this treatment.
Although the direct toll of COVID-19 in the United States has been substantial, concerns have also arisen about the indirect effects of the pandemic. Hospitalizations for acute cardiovascular ...conditions have declined, raising concern that patients may be avoiding hospitals because of fear of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome- coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Other factors, including strain on health care systems, may also have had an indirect toll.
This investigation aimed to evaluate whether population-level deaths due to cardiovascular causes increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The authors conducted an observational cohort study using data from the National Center for Health Statistics to evaluate the rate of deaths due to cardiovascular causes after the onset of the pandemic in the United States, from March 18, 2020, to June 2, 2020, relative to the period immediately preceding the pandemic (January 1, 2020 to March 17, 2020). Changes in deaths were compared with the same periods in the previous year.
There were 397,042 cardiovascular deaths from January 1, 2020, to June 2, 2020. Deaths caused by ischemic heart disease increased nationally after the onset of the pandemic in 2020, compared with changes over the same period in 2019 (ratio of the relative change in deaths per 100,000 in 2020 vs. 2019: 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.04 to 1.18). An increase was also observed for deaths caused by hypertensive disease (1.17, 95% confidence interval: 1.09 to 1.26), but not for heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, or other diseases of the circulatory system. New York City experienced a large relative increase in deaths caused by ischemic heart disease (2.39, 95% confidence interval: 1.39 to 4.09) and hypertensive diseases (2.64, 95% confidence interval: 1.52 to 4.56) during the pandemic. More modest increases in deaths caused by these conditions occurred in the remainder of New York State, New Jersey, Michigan, and Illinois but not in Massachusetts or Louisiana.
There was an increase in deaths caused by ischemic heart disease and hypertensive diseases in some regions of the United States during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings suggest that the pandemic may have had an indirect toll on patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over bare hematite (α-Fe2O3) involved physical–chemical processes through surface states. It is found that the surface state with a higher oxidative energy (S1) ...served as a reaction intermediate for water oxidation, while the other surface state with a lower oxidative energy (S2) was basically catalytically inactive and induced charge recombination. Since a cocatalyst is commonly loaded on α-Fe2O3 to enhance water oxidation, the physical–chemical processes between the surface states and the cocatalyst are supposedly important but remain unclear. In the present study, we elucidated such processes by employing photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We found that, in a CoPi-loaded α-Fe2O3, S1 no longer served as an intermediate for water oxidation and was mostly passivated. At the same time, S2 became the key intermediate for water oxidation by serving as a hole reservoir, prolonging the hole lifetime, and finally transferring holes to CoPi. This study reveals the surface chemistry for optimizing cocatalyst-loaded α-Fe2O3, which is different from that for bare α-Fe2O3.
•Non-invasive mALPS-index was closely related to the classical detected glymphatic clearance function, providing an alternative method in researches on glymphatic system.•WMHs, lacunas, microbleeds ...and EPVS in basal ganglia were related to glymphatic clearance function.•Glymphatic clearance function was related to cognitive function in CSVD patients.
Few studies have focused on the connection between glymphatic dysfunction and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), partially due to the lack of non-invasive methods to measure glymphatic function. We established modified index for diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (mALPS-index), which was calculated on diffusion tensor image (DTI), compared it with the classical detection of glymphatic clearance function calculated on Glymphatic MRI after intrathecal administration of gadolinium (study 1), and analyzed the relationship between CSVD imaging markers and mALPS-index in CSVD patients from the CIRCLE study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03542734) (study 2). Among 39 patients included in study 1, mALPS-index were significantly related to glymphatic clearance function calculated on Glymphatic MRI ( r = -0.772~-0.844, p < 0.001). A total of 330 CSVD patients were included in study 2. Severer periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities (β = -0.332, p < 0.001; β = -0.293, p < 0.001), number of lacunas (β = -0.215, p < 0.001), number of microbleeds (β = -0.152, p = 0.005), and severer enlarged perivascular spaces in basal ganglia (β = -0.223, p < 0.001) were related to mALPS-index. Our results indicated that non-invasive mALPS-index might represent glymphatic clearance function, which could be applied in clinic in future. Glymphatic clearance function might play a role in the development of CSVD.
Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have become the main choice for electric vehicles (EVs). However, the thermal runaway problems of LIBs largely limit the wider promotion of EVs. To provide background and ...insight for the improvement of battery safety, the general working mechanism of LIBs is described in this review, followed by a discussion of the thermal runaway process, including the trigger conditions and material factors. Moreover, advances made to improve battery safety are examined from the perspective of battery materials and management systems. Thus, this review provides a general picture of the thermal runaway risks of LIBs and corresponding solutions with the aim of facilitating safer battery designs.
The general working mechanism of Li‐ion batteries is described in this review. Accordingly, the thermal runaway process, trigger conditions, and material factors are then depicted. Based on these facts, current advances to improve battery safety are proposed from the aspects of material and management system.
Dementia is an acquired progressive cognitive dysfunction, affecting the content of consciousness rather than the level of consciousness. Most dementia is senile dementia, accounting for the majority ...of dementia. The most important and common form of senile dementia is refractory dementia, which includes Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). Due to the diversity and uncertainty of the pathogenic mechanism of VD and AD, no significantly effective drug currently exists. Berberine is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Coptis chinensis that has a wide range of pharmacological effects. studies in recent years have also found that berberine can additionally treat senile dementia by affecting neurotransmitter, anti-oxidative stress, metabolism and other multi-target pathways. Multi-target treatment of senile dementia by berberine is a potential avenue of study for senile dementia treatment.
Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in lateral root (LR) development, but how ABA signaling interacts with auxin signaling to regulate LR formation is not well understood. Here, we report that ...ABA-responsive ERF1 mediates the crosstalk between ABA and auxin signaling to regulate Arabidopsis LR emergence. ABI3 is a negative factor in LR emergence and transcriptionally activates ERF1 by binding to its promoter, and reciprocally, ERF1 activates ABI3, which forms a regulatory loop that enables rapid signal amplification. Notably, ABI3 physically interacts with ERF1, reducing the cis element-binding activities of both ERF1 and ABI3 and thus attenuating the expression of ERF1-/ABI3-regulated genes involved in LR emergence and ABA signaling, such as PIN1, AUX1, ARF7, and ABI5, which may provide a molecular rheostat to avoid overamplification of auxin and ABA signaling. Taken together, our findings identify the role of the ABI3-ERF1 module in mediating crosstalk between ABA and auxin signaling in LR emergence.
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•ABI3 is a negative factor in LR emergence and transcriptionally activates ERF1•ERF1 transcriptionally activates ABI3•Reciprocal activation between ERF1 and ABI3 rapidly amplifies auxin and ABA signals•The ABI3-ERF1 interaction reduces the cis element-binding activity of ERF1 and ABI3
Lateral root (LR) development is regulated by hormones and environmental signals. Zhang et al. show that ERF1 is responsive to ABA during LR development and mediates the crosstalk between ABA and auxin signaling via the ERF1-ABI3 module in LR emergence.
The qualitative analysis results of teachers’ abilities are difficult to quantify, and ability problems in the teaching process are difficult to be effectively measured. In order to study methods to ...improve teachers’ teaching abilities, this paper builds a corresponding teacher competence evaluation model based on machine learning and digital twin technology, establishes a data collection model for teachers’ professional competence, and establishes a data fusion model. It includes data cleaning model based on XML information template, data integration model, multi-index screening mechanism and clustering strategy based on perturbation attributes. On this basis, this paper uses decision tree algorithm, random forest algorithm and neural network algorithm to construct three scheduling rule mining models aiming at teachers’ professional ability. In addition, this paper establishes a digital twin-driven multi-knowledge model scheduling optimization architecture that uses the three scheduling rules mined. The research results show that the model constructed in this paper has good performance.
Lateral roots (LRs) are crucial for plants to sense environmental signals in addition to water and nutrient absorption. Auxin is key for LR formation, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully ...understood. Here, we report that Arabidopsis ERF1 inhibits LR emergence by promoting local auxin accumulation with altered distribution and regulating auxin signaling. Loss of ERF1 increases LR density compared with the wild type, whereas ERF1 overexpression causes the opposite phenotype. ERF1 enhances auxin transport by upregulating PIN1 and AUX1, resulting in excessive auxin accumulation in the endodermal, cortical, and epidermal cells surrounding LR primordia. Furthermore, ERF1 represses ARF7 transcription, thereby downregulating the expression of cell-wall remodeling genes that facilitate LR emergence. Together, our study reveals that ERF1 integrates environmental signals to promote local auxin accumulation with altered distribution and repress ARF7, consequently inhibiting LR emergence in adaptation to fluctuating environments.
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•ERF1 functions as a negative regulator of lateral root emergence•ERF1 enhances auxin transport by upregulating PIN1 and AUX1•ERF1 transcriptionally represses ARF7•ERF1 downregulates cell-wall remodeling genes in lateral root emergence
Zhao et al. show that ERF1, a hub transcription factor in the stress response, inhibits lateral root emergence by promoting high local auxin accumulation with altered distribution in the epidermis, cortex, and endodermis overlying the lateral root primordia and regulating auxin signaling in adaptation to fluctuating environments.
Brain-like intelligent decision-making is a prevailing trend in today's world. However, inspired by bionics and computer science, the linear neural network has become one of the main means to realize ...human-like decision-making and control. This paper proposes a method for classifying drivers' driving behaviors based on the fuzzy algorithm and establish a brain-inspired decision-making linear neural network. Firstly, different driver experimental data samples were obtained through the driving simulator. Then, an objective fuzzy classification algorithm was designed to distinguish different driving behaviors in terms of experimental data. In addition, a brain-inspired linear neural network was established to realize human-like decision-making and control. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method was verified by training and testing. This study extracts the driving characteristics of drivers through driving simulator tests, which provides a driving behavior reference for the human-like decision-making of an intelligent vehicle.
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