There is a need for early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) at precancerous-stage adenoma. Here, we identified novel faecal bacterial markers for diagnosing adenoma.
This study included 1012 ...subjects (274 CRC, 353 adenoma and 385 controls) from two independent Asian groups. Candidate markers were identified by metagenomics and validated by targeted quantitative PCR.
Metagenomic analysis identified '
' from a
sp.,
(
) and
(
) to be significantly enriched in adenoma. Faecal
and
were significantly increased from normal to adenoma to CRC (p<0.0001, linear trend by one-way ANOVA) in group I (n=698), which was further confirmed in group II (n=313; p<0.0001). Faecal
may perform better than
in distinguishing adenoma from controls (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCs)
=0.675 vs
=0.620, p=0.09), while
performed better in diagnosing CRC (AUROCs
=0.862 vs
=0.741, p<0.0001). At 78.5% specificity,
and
showed sensitivities of 48.3% and 33.8% for adenoma, and 62.1% and 77.8% for CRC, respectively. In a subgroup tested with faecal immunochemical test (FIT; n=642),
performed better than FIT in detecting adenoma (sensitivities for non-advanced and advanced adenomas of 44.2% and 50.8% by
(specificity=79.6%) vs 0% and 16.1% by FIT (specificity=98.5%)). Combining with FIT improved sensitivity of
for advanced adenoma to 56.8%. The combination of
with
,
,
and FIT performed best for diagnosing CRC (specificity=81.2% and sensitivity=93.8%).
This study identifies a novel bacterial marker
for the non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal adenoma.
Autocatalysis has been recognized to be involved in the emergence of life and intrinsic to biomolecular replication. Recently, an efficient template autocatalysis driven by solvent‐free ...crystallization has been reported. Herein, we unveil the role of intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed by amides in crystallization‐driven template autocatalysis (CDTA), which involves the autocatalytic activity, template selectivity, and thermal responsiveness. We found that the thermal‐induced cis‐trans isomerization of amides possibly affects the H‐bonding‐mediated template ability of products for autocatalytic transformation. As a result, CDTA can be reversibly inhibited and activated by tuning the reaction temperatures. Our work sheds light on the significance of noncovalent H‐bonding interactions in artificial self‐replicators.
Here we elucidate the role of intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed by trans‐amides in thermally responsive crystallization‐driven template autocatalysis. The H‐bonds not only endow the product with template ability but can also thermally activate or inhibit autocatalysis by reversibly changing amide conformations. Our work sheds light on the significance of noncovalent H‐bonding interactions in artificial self‐replicators.
Currently, tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are recognized as a novel and potential type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which participate in various cellular processes and play an essential role in ...cancer progression. However, tsRNAs involvement in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression remains unclear.
Sequencing analyses were performed to explore the tsRNAs with differential expression in CRC. Gain- and loss-of functions of 5'tiRNA-His-GTG were performed in CRC cells and xenograft tumor to discover its role in the progression of CRC. Hypoxia culture and hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1α) inhibitors were performed to uncover the biogenesis of 5'tiRNA-His-GTG. The regulation of 5'tiRNA-His-GTG for large tumor suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2) were identified by luciferase reporter assay, western blot, and rescue experiments.
Here, our study uncovered the profile of tsRNAs in human CRC tissues and confirmed a specific tRNA half, 5'tiRNA-His-GTG, is upregulated in CRC tissues. Then, in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed the oncogenic role of 5'tiRNA-His-GTG in CRC and found that targeting 5'tiRNA-His-GTG can induce cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, the generation of 5'tiRNA-His-GTG seems to be a responsive process of tumor hypoxic microenvironment, and it is regulated via the HIF1α/angiogenin (ANG) axis. Remarkably, LATS2 was found to be an important and major target of 5'tiRNA-His-GTG, which renders 5'tiRNA-His-GTG to "turn off" hippo signaling pathway and finally promotes the expression of pro-proliferation and anti-apoptosis related genes.
In summary, the findings revealed a specific 5'tiRNA-His-GTG-engaged pathway in CRC progression and provided clues to design a novel therapeutic target in CRC.
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•Hollow shell-core Co@NC with exposed two different cobalt species (i.e., Co NPs and Co-Nx site) was prepared by on-step thermal conversion of ZIF-8@ZIF-67 precursor.•Cobalt species ...of Co@NC play a crucial role in the non-radical-dominated PMS activation and TCH degradation.•Co-Nx site could directly adsorb PMS (*PMS) and facilitate PMS decomposition to form 1O2 while Co NPs indirectly accelerate the generation of 1O2via electron transfer.•Good stability and reusability, high environmental robustness and universal adaptability were demonstrated in Co@NC/PMS system.
Cobalt species often play a crucial role in the sulfate radical (SO4−) generation during peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, but their roles in the formation of non-radical-dominated PMS activation are largely unclear. Here, shell-core hollow Co@NC with exposed two different cobalt species (i.e., Co nanoparticles and Co-Nx site) was prepared and used to activate PMS for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation. The experimental results and theoretical calculations showed cobalt species play a crucial role in the 1O2-dominated TCH degradation in which Co-Nx directly served as active sites to adsorb PMS (*PMS) to facilitate PMS decomposition to form SO5−, and thereafter evolved into 1O2 by the rapid self-reaction of SO5−, while Co nanoparticles indirectly promote 1O2 generation via electron transfer due to their excellent conductivity. With exposed cobalt species and unique structure, Co@NC showed a remarkable catalytic activity for TCH degradation, outperforming the synthesized NC, Co-NC, and commercial Co3O4, Fe3O4 and MnO2. Meanwhile, the good stability and reusability, high environmental robustness and universal adaptability of Co@NC were demonstrated. The TCH degradation pathways including aniline ring oxidation, the cleavage of functional groups and ring-opening reactions were also proposed. The improved understanding on the roles of cobalt species in the non-radical-dominated PMS activation may inspire the development of efficient, selective, and robust cobalt-based catalysts.
The design of smart surfaces with switchable adhesive properties in a wet environment has remained a challenge in adhesion science and materials engineering. Despite intense demands in various ...industrial applications and exciting progress in mimicking the remarkable wet adhesion through the delicate control of catechol chemistry, polyelectrolyte complex, and supramolecular architectures, the full recapitulation of nature's dynamic function is limited. Here, we show a facile approach to synthesize bioinspired adhesive, which entails the reversible, tunable, and fast regulation of the wet adhesion on diverse surfaces. The smart wet adhesive takes advantage of the host-guest molecular interaction and the adhesive nature of catechol chemistry, as well as the responsive polymer, allowing for screening and activation of the interfacial interaction simply by a local temperature trigger in an on-demand manner. Our work opens up an avenue for the rational design of bioinspired adhesives with performances even beyond nature.
Pickering emulsion, a kind of emulsion stabilized only by solid particles locating at oil-water interface, has been discovered a century ago, while being extensively studied in recent decades. ...Substituting solid particles for traditional surfactants, Pickering emulsions are more stable against coalescence and can obtain many useful properties. Besides, they are more biocompatible when solid particles employed are relatively safe
. Pickering emulsions can be applied in a wide range of fields, such as biomedicine, food, fine chemical synthesis, cosmetics, and so on, by properly tuning types and properties of solid emulsifiers. In this article, we give an overview of Pickering emulsions, focusing on some kinds of solid particles commonly serving as emulsifiers, three main types of products from Pickering emulsions, morphology of solid particles and as-prepared materials, as well as applications in different fields.
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•Plate-shaped CoMn2O4 was synthesized using MOFs as precursor.•The catalyst showed large specific surface area and abundant active sites.•It had much higher catalytic activity than ...previously-reported CoMn2O4 catalyst.•The Co-Mn synergy in heterogeneous catalysis were elucidated.•The material showed good stability and reusability for SA removal.
Spinel-type CoMn2O4 materials are promising catalyst for heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), but the catalytic activity still need considerable improvements for practical environmental application and the underlying Co-Mn synergy is unclear. In this work, we synthesized CoMn2O4 microplates by using CoMn2-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (ptcda) metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as the precursor. The resulting material showed significantly higher catalytic activity for the PMS activation and sulfanilamide (SA) degradation than the CoMn2O4 obtained by conventional solvothermal synthesis methods, due to its much higher specific surface area and abundant surface hydroxyl groups as the active sites. In addition, the Co-Mn synergy in the synthesized material for the efficient heterogeneous catalysis was elucidated. The catalyst stability was also evaluated. Our work may lay the foundation for optimized design of highly-efficient heterogeneous catalyst for environmental application.
Previous studies have suggested that gut microbiota plays a critical role in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although preliminary comparisons of the oral and gut microbiota between CRC and healthy control ...(HC) patients have been made, the association between microbiome abundance and host clinical factors has not been fully illustrated, especially oral health conditions. Matching samples of unstimulated saliva, cancer tissues or biopsies and stools were collected from 30 CRC and 30 HC patients from Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated Renji Hospital for 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. The diversity in salivary and mucosal microbiome, but not stool microbiome of CRC group, was significantly different from that of HC, as demonstrated by the Principal Component Analysis. Logistic regression analysis revealed that older age and higher oral hygiene index (OHI) were independent risk factors for CRC, with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 1.159 (1.045‐1.284) and 4.398 (1.328‐14.567), respectively. Salivary Firmicutes to Bacteroides ratio in CRC was significantly higher than that in the HC group (P < .001), while the mucosal ratio was slightly decreased in CRC (P < .05). Salivary Rothia and Streptococcus levels were positively correlated with OHI, while Alloprevotella, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptoccus and Prevotella genera levels were negatively associated with OHI. NetShift analysis revealed that salivary Peptococcus, Centipeda and mucosal Subdoligranulum genus might act as key drivers during the process of carcinogenesis. In conclusion, the current study provides insights into the potential influence of host clinical factors on oral and gut microbiome composition and can be a guide for future studies.
What's new?
The oral microbiota has been reported to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and may provide diagnostic biomarkers. However, oral health status, which might impact the composition of the oral microbiome, is also important to consider. Here, by integrating 16S rRNA sequencing, face‐to‐face questionnaires, and bioinformatics analysis, the authors systematically compared the oral and gut microbiota of colorectal cancer patients with healthy controls. In addition, they analysed the associations between several hosts' clinical parameters and the 50 most abundant oral and gut genera, providing potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer.
The non-marine Santanghu Basin in northwest China hosts one of the richest and thickest Permian lacustrine source rock intervals in the world. Conventional oil in Jurassic sandstone reservoirs and ...tight oil in the tuffaceous Permian Tiaohu Formation were sourced from mudrocks in the underlying second member of Lucaogou Formation, which also have tight oil potential proved by recent commercial discoveries. Based on inorganic and organic geochemistry, organic petrography, and stable isotope geochemistry, the depositional environment and the tight oil potential of the second member of Permian Lucaogou Formation were investigated. The data imply a gradual evolution of the depositional environment from a stratified, saline to a freshwater lake. The succession can be subdivided into a lower, middle, and an upper unit, each characterized by decreasing water salinity. High bioproductivity has been caused by the bloom of algae and photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Water column stratification accelerated the activity of methanothrophs, as indicated by low δ13C values of hopanes. Biomarker composition provides evidence for decreasing contributions of cyanobacteria to the biomass and increasing abundance of Prasinophytae compared to other algae with decreasing salinity. Enhanced terrigenous organic matter input appeared during periods of high freshwater inflow. Low total organic carbon (TOC) contents in the lower unit are most likely caused by rapid sedimentation rate. High bioproductivity and excellent preservation conditions resulted in high TOC contents in the middle unit. Terrigenous organic matter input increased together with fresh water inflow in the upper unit, resulting in high TOC values during periods of possibly low sedimentation rates in a deep water column. The samples of the second member exhibit a good to very good potential to generate conventional oil. High TOC and extractable organic matter yields, together with the thickness of the fine-grained sediments, show that the middle and upper units of the second member of Lucaogou Formation hold significant tight oil potential. Mineralogical composition of this dolomite-rich shale with respect to abundance of brittle minerals (including quartz and carbonates) and rare clay testifies a good tight oil potential.
•The second member of Permian Lucaogou Formation of the Santanghu Basin was investigated.•Three desalination units in the section reflect the evolution from shallow, saline lakes to deep, freshwater lakes.•The Lucaogou Fm notes a tight oil potential.•Algae and photosynthetic cyanobacteria are the dominant primary producers of OM.
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