Perovskite thin films directly impact solar cell properties, making defect reduction crucial in perovskite solar cell research. In our study, we used perovskite quantum dots in the anti-solvent to ...act as nucleation centers in MAPbI3 thin films. These centers had lower nucleation barriers than homogeneous nucleation, improving perovskite crystallinity, reducing defects, and extending carrier lifetime. Fine-tuning the energy band also enhanced carrier transport. The most effective results were obtained using CsPb(Br0.5 I0.5)3 perovskite quantum dots. The resulting device, ITO/SnO2/MAPbI3 (300 nm)/spiro-OMeTAD (200 nm)/Ag (100 nm), achieved a 12.88% power conversion efficiency, a 16% increase from the standard element. The modified device maintained approximately 95% of its efficiency over 100 h in a 70% humidity environment.
To evaluate the provision of occupational health services at hospitals following the establishment of the Network of Occupational Disease and Injury Service in 2007.
A review of occupational health ...services during 2008 to 2021 was conducted. The medical practice-based reporting system was compared with the database of compensated occupational diseases (ODs) from Taiwan's Labor Insurance.
First-time outpatient visits for occupational evaluation and total visits to Network of Occupational Disease and Injury Service health care institutions increased from 1777 and 9435 to 12,092 and 23,210, respectively. Reported ODs increased from 1626 to 2043 with a peak of 2791. Up to 1380 workers evaluated for work resumption in 2021. Similar to the increasing trend in reported ODs, the number of compensated ODs increased over years.
The health service needs of Taiwanese workers from OD evaluation to vocational rehabilitation are increasing.
•Electro-deposited CuSCN was used for the hole injection layer in OLEDs.•The effects of applying thermal annealing and UV-Ozone treatments on CuSCN/organic interface were investigated.•Surface ...energy, polarity, morphology characteristics were improved owing to interface dipole-dipole effects of applied treatments.•Utilization of both treatment led to a remarkable enhancement of OLED performances.
In this study, we demonstrated an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) using electro-deposited CuSCN as a hole-injection layer. The effects of thermal annealing and UV-Ozone treatments on ITO/CuSCN/organic interfaces were investigated. By employing both UV-O3 and proper thermal annealing (75 ° C, 20 min), Cu2O was found on the surface of CuSCN. With these treatments, the surface roughness of the organic deposited on CuSCN was reduced from 4.25 to 1.28 nm. The optical transmittance was also enhanced. Additionally, the CuSCN surface energy and polarity were considerably increased and the hole-injection barrier was decreased from 0.70 to 0.47 eV. The interface dipole effects lead to better adhesion between CuSCN/organic interface and facilitate the hole injection capability from anode ITO due to the formation of superficial Cu2O. The underlying mechanisms were illustrated by surface energy, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements. As a result, these significantly enhanced CuSCN characteristics led to improved OLED performances, which achieved a hundred-fold efficiency compared to the device without any treatment. With this realization of integrating electro-deposited CuSCN into conventional organic optoelectronic systems, it could bring various practical benefits particularly concerning industrial interests in low-temperature, cost-effective, and large-area fabrication techniques.
IntroductionFive workers engaged in non-destructive testing (NDT) were diagnosed with leukemia and visited the Occupational Injury and Disease Prevention Center for the help of assessment for ...occupational disease in Taiwan during 2018 and 2019. NDT belongs to industrial radiography in the classification of radiation work, and the purpose of this study is to investigate the ionizing radiation exposure among workers in the industry.MethodUsing the National Radiation Workers Dose Database of the Atomic Energy Commission of Taiwan Executive Yuan from 2000 to 2019 to analyze the values of the ionizing radiation badges among the industrial radiography group and other groups exposed to ionizing radiation over these years. The cumulative personal measurement was also analyzed using the characteristics of the longitudinal databases.ResultsDuring this period, workers with dose values greater than the lowest measurable value accounted for 13.29% of the total population potentially exposed to radiation at work, compared to 26.57% of workers in industrial radiography. We also found that the mean annual median dose value for all workers possibly exposes to ionizing radiation was 0.43 mSv and in industrial radiography it was 1.21 mSv. Since 2005, most of the practitioners in the industrial radiography industry have an annual cumulative exposure of more than 20mSv. Moreover, the average personal 20-year cumulative measurement is 7.82 mSv for all ionizing radiation workers and 29.26 mSv among workers engaged in industrial radiography.ConclusionIndustrial radiography workers may have higher exposure to ionizing radiation. This is important to prevent ionizing radiation-related occupational diseases in industrial radiography or NDT workers.
Tremendous efforts have been made in the last decade to advance cutting-edge MRI technology in pursuit of mapping structural connectivity in the living human brain with unprecedented sensitivity and ...speed. The first Connectom 3T MRI scanner equipped with a 300 mT/m whole-body gradient system was installed at the Massachusetts General Hospital in 2011 and was specifically constructed as part of the Human Connectome Project. Since that time, numerous technological advances have been made to enable the broader use of the Connectom high gradient system for diffusion tractography and tissue microstructure studies and leverage its unique advantages and sensitivity to resolving macroscopic and microscopic structural information in neural tissue for clinical and neuroscientific studies. The goal of this review article is to summarize the technical developments that have emerged in the last decade to support and promote large-scale and scientific studies of the human brain using the Connectom scanner. We provide a brief historical perspective on the development of Connectom gradient technology and the efforts that led to the installation of three other Connectom 3T MRI scanners worldwide – one in the United Kingdom in Cardiff, Wales, another in continental Europe in Leipzig, Germany, and the latest in Asia in Shanghai, China. We summarize the key developments in gradient hardware and image acquisition technology that have formed the backbone of Connectom-related research efforts, including the rich array of high-sensitivity receiver coils, pulse sequences, image artifact correction strategies and data preprocessing methods needed to optimize the quality of high-gradient strength diffusion MRI data for subsequent analyses. Finally, we review the scientific impact of the Connectom MRI scanner, including advances in diffusion tractography, tissue microstructural imaging, ex vivo validation, and clinical investigations that have been enabled by Connectom technology. We conclude with brief insights into the unique value of strong gradients for diffusion MRI and where the field is headed in the coming years.
Bumetanide has been reported to alter synaptic excitation-inhibition (E-I) balance by potentiating the action of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), thereby attenuating the severity of autism spectrum ...disorder (ASD) in animal models. However, clinical evidence of its efficacy in young patients with ASD is limited. This was investigated in the present clinical trial of 83 patients, randomised to the bumetanide group (bumetanide treatment, 0.5 mg twice daily) or the control group (no bumetanide treatment). Primary Children Autism Rating Scale (CARS), secondary Clinical Global Impressions (CGI), and exploratory inhibitory (γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA) and excitatory (glutamate, Glx) neurotransmitter concentrations measured in the insular cortex (IC) and visual cortex (VC) by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) outcome measures were evaluated at baseline and at the 3-month follow-up. Side effects were monitored throughout the treatment course. Compared with the control group, the bumetanide group showed significant reduction in symptom severity, as indicated by both total CARS score and number of items assigned a score ≥ 3. The improvement in clinical symptoms was confirmed by CGI. GABA/Glx ratio in both the IC and VC decreased more rapidly over the 3-month period in the bumetanide group than that in the control group. This decrease in the IC was associated with the symptom improvement in the bumetanide group. Our study confirmed the clinical efficacy of bumetanide on alleviating the core symptoms of ASD in young children and it is the first demonstration that the improvement is associated with reduction in GABA/Glx ratios. This study suggests that the GABA/Glx ratio measured by MRS may provide a neuroimaging biomarker for assessing treatment efficacy for bumetanide.
The hierarchical network architecture of the human brain, pivotal to cognition and behavior, can be explored via gradient analysis using restingstate functional MRI data. Although it has been ...employed to understand brain development and disorders, the impact of aging on this hierarchical architecture and its link to cognitive decline remains elusive.
This study utilized resting-state functional MRI data from 350 healthy adults (aged 20-85) to investigate the functional hierarchical network using connectome gradient analysis with a cross-age sliding window approach. Gradient-related metrics were estimated and correlated with age to evaluate trajectory of gradient changes across lifespan.
The principal gradient (unimodal-to-transmodal) demonstrated a significant non-linear relationship with age, whereas the secondary gradient (visual-to-somatomotor) showed a simple linear decreasing pattern. Among the principal gradient, significant age-related changes were observed in the somatomotor, dorsal attention, limbic and default mode networks. The changes in the gradient scores of both the somatomotor and frontal-parietal networks were associated with greater working memory and visuospatial ability. Gender differences were found in global gradient metrics and gradient scores of somatomotor and default mode networks in the principal gradient, with no interaction with age effect.
Our study delves into the aging trajectories of functional connectome gradient and its cognitive impact across the adult lifespan, providing insights for future research into the biological underpinnings of brain function and pathological models of atypical aging processes.
Since brain atrophy is often accompanied by cognitive decline, Imabayashi et al. demonstrated brain volume atrophy composite scores in medial temporal regions were deemed as early AD markers in the ...evaluation of early volume changes in cognitively normal participants (CN). A longitudinal study by Pur et al. examined age-related changes in brain structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC) within 2 years in older adults using diffusion-weighted imaging and resting-state functional MRI. Wei et al. compared the dynamic FC using resting-state fMRI between those with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and a control group. Conflict of interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
The core density of the defects in perovskite thin films will directly affect the properties of perovskite solar cells. On the other hand, interface engineering is usually being used to effectively ...improve the quality of perovskite thin films. In this sought of work, MAPbI3 perovskite thin films were modified by an antisolvent process using trioctylphosphine as a passivator. Trioctylphosphine is a kind of Lewis base and from the experimental results, it is noticed on being contribute to MAPbI3 grain growth and grain boundary passivation. Due to the grain boundary passivation and grain size increase, the intense defect density inside the grain and at the grain boundary of the MAPbI3 films is gradually reduced, thereby improving the carrier lifetime, while the hydrophobic property of octyl alkane makes the perovskite thin films less susceptible to air, water and oxygen degraded by the influence. The solar cell which are using the proposed films with the device structure configuration as ITO/SnO2/MAPbI3/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag and the perovskite layers were modified with trioctylphosphine. Among them, the perovskite thin films showcased to have a best performance when the trioctylphosphine chlorobenzene solution was about 0.15% and the PCE of the device reached for about 12.17%, an increase of 10% was compared with the standard device. In addition, the modified device exhibits good environmental stability, retaining about 90% of the initial efficiency for 100 h in a 70% humidity environment.
•The modification of MAPbI3 perovskite films by trioctylphosphine, which can improve the performance of the solar cell.•The results show that trioctylphosphine as a Lewis base contributes to grain growth and grain boundary passivation.•The hydrophobic properties of octyl alkanes make perovskite films less susceptible to degradation by oxygen and water.•0.15% of trioctylphosphine chlorobenzene solution is the best ratio. The PCE reaches 12.17%.•After being exposed to a humidity of 70% for 100 h, the device only experiences a 90% decrease in PCE.
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