Botulinum toxin is an egzotoxin produced by Gram positive bacteria Clostridium botulinum. It is among the most potent toxins known. The 3 main clinical presentations of botulism are as follows: ...foodborne botulism, infant botulism and wound botulism. The main symptom of intoxication is flat muscles paralysis. The treatment is supportive care and administration of antitoxin. In prevention the correct preparing of canned food is most important. Botulinum toxin is accepted as a biological weapon.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common of interstitial lung diseases and is characterised by a significant mortality rate. That is way both clinicists and patients are interested to ...identify factors that may influence outcome of disease. This factors are named biological markers or biomarkers. Their usefulness in diagnostic, monitoring and prognosis of interstitial pneumonia, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was estimated in many researches. The most of them was concerned to serum biomarkers, such as surfactant proteins, mucin-connected proteins, Clara cells proteins, cytoceratines and cytokines.
Asthma is an important medical, social and economical problem. 5–10% of all patients with asthma constitute cases of severe asthma. One treatment method for severe asthma includes omalizumab. Its ...efficacy was acknowledged in many studies. We present a case of radical improvement of asthma control after omalizumab addition. It constitutes affirmation of drug efficacy.
One can seldom meet heart as a place of the cardiac tumors process in reference to both primary and metastatic changes. While taking transthoracic echocardiography one ought to remember of ...possibility of cardiac tumour in this particular place. In this case report presenting four cases of the cardiac tumors authors underline that this type of tumor can be found in each cardiac chamber. We show varied symptoms of cardiac tubers: beginning from lack of symptoms, through unspecific manifestations (syncopes, embolism) till signs connected with generalization of the proliferative process.
Pneumonia is the second most common cause of pleural effusion. The presence of pleural fluid makes the prognosis in patients with pneumonia worse and causes a higher mortality rate. This is why it is ...very important to undertake suitable treatment as soon as possible. Most parapneumonic pleural effusions resolve with antibiotic alone, but sometimes more invasive treatment is necessary. Therapeutic decisions are based on different criteria. For many years determining biochemical fluid characteristics has been used for this purpose. Presentlythe usefullness of new parameters is being evaluated. Their application in diagnostics was possible thanks to better knowledge of mechanisms that participate in the development of parapneumonic pleural effusion.
The optimal type of exercise that simultaneously decreases body weight and preserves bone health in people with obesity is unknown. This parallel randomized trial aimed to compare the effect of ...endurance and endurance-strength training on bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) in abdominally obese postmenopausal women. A total of 101 women were recruited and randomly assigned to endurance or endurance-strength training groups. Participants trained for 60 min per day, three times per week for 12 weeks. The endurance exercises were performed at an intensity of 50–75% of the maximum heart rate, whereas the strength exercises were at 50–60% of the one-repetition maximum. Pre- and post-intervention BMD and BMC of the total body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck and physical capacity were measured. There were no differences among the densitometric parameters in the endurance group, but a significant increase in whole-body BMD in the endurance-strength group was found. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the groups in the changes in the lumbar spine BMC. Furthermore, both training programs significantly improved physical capacity with no differences between groups. Endurance training was more effective in maintaining BMC at the lumbar spine. However, both groups did not differ in effect on BMD. Further studies with a long-term follow-up should be considered to confirm these findings. The study was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register within the number DRKS00019832, and the date of registration was 26 February 2020 (retrospective registration).
Objective: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is known as a potent agent for altering body weight and composition. However, its effect on the process of digestion is still unknown. The aim of this study ...has been to elucidate the effect of a 3-month supplementation with CLA on starch and fat digestion and absorption in humans. Approach: The study included 74 obese and overweight adults who were randomized to receive 3.0 g of CLA or sunflower oil as placebo daily for 3 months. Digestion and absorption of fat and starch was assessed using non-invasive breath tests with a stable 13C isotope (cumulative percentage dose recovery, CPDR) before and after the supplementation period. To exclude the effect of oxidation, in addition total energy expenditure (TTE) was measured by a 13C bicarbonate breath test. Results: The changes in CPDR values (∆CPDR median 〈interquartile range〉) were no different between subjects from the CLA group and the placebo group (fat: −0.2 〈−9.1-4.1〉 versus 0.6 〈−7.0-8.0〉, p < 0.4796; starch: −1.3 〈−9.5-2.4〉 versus −1.0 〈−5.1-1.7〉, p < 0.5520, respectively). The incidence of negative and positive values of ∆CPDR was no different between groups for fat: 53.1% versus 46.7%, RR 1.138, (95% CI 0.689-1.882) and for starch: 67.7% versus 56.7%, RR 1.195, (95% CI 0.804-1.777). The changes in TTE did not differ between the CLA and the placebo group (respectively 1 〈48; 267〉 versus −8 〈−120;93〉 kcal; p < 0.2728). Conclusion: Supplementation with CLA for 3 months did not affect fat and starch digestion assessed by 13C mixed triglyceride breath test and 13C starch breath test.
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces body weight (BW), body fat mass (BFM), and increases or maintains lean body mass in animals. However, the results concerning the effect of CLA on weight ...reduction in humans are contradictory. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of CLA supplementation on the BW and anthropometric parameters (waist and hip circumferences) in overweight and obese adult women.
A total of 74 subjects (BMI: 28-42 kg/m2) were included in a double blind, placebocontrolled trial. Subjects were randomized into two groups, those supplemented with either 3.0 g/d CLA or with placebo (sunflower oil) for 12 weeks.
CLA significantly decreased the hip circumferences compared to placebo (p = 0.016209), but had no effect on body weight, BMI, or waist circumference. The number of subjects with a reduction in hip circumference in the CLA group was significantly larger compared to that in the placebo group (p = 0.0017; NNT= 2.65; CI 6.27-1.685).
In conclusion, our findings do not support the hypothesis that 12 weeks CLA supplementation, as dosed in the present study, is effective for body weight reduction in overweight and obese women. However, its local action in decreasing the hip circumference seems to be encouraging and suggests that CLA may represent an attractive dietary supplement.
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