The present contribution discloses a simple and unexpected acid-catalyzed cleavage of tetrahydrotetrazines leading to 1,2-bis(hydrazones). Incorporation of a chiral fragment derived from ...carbohydrates enables the rapid preparation of glycosazones, a family of compounds employed by Emil Fischer to elucidate the configuration of sugars. In addition, a mechanistic proposal accounts for experimental observations.
(1) Background: Transition is a planned movement of paediatric patients to adult healthcare systems, and its implementation is not yet established in all inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) units. The ...aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of transition on IBD outcomes. (2) Methods: Multicentre, retrospective and observational study of IBD paediatric patients transferred to an adult IBD unit between 2017-2020. Two groups were compared: transition (≥1 joint visit involving the gastroenterologist, the paediatrician, a programme coordinator, the parents and the patient) and no-transition. Outcomes within one year after transfer were analysed. The main variable was poor clinical outcome (IBD flare, hospitalisation, surgery or any change in the treatment because of a flare). Predictive factors of poor clinical outcome were identified with multivariable analysis. (3) Results: A total of 278 patients from 34 Spanish hospitals were included. One hundred eighty-five patients (67%) from twenty-two hospitals (65%) performed a structured transition. Eighty-nine patients had poor clinical outcome at one year after transfer: 27% in the transition and 43% in the no-transition group (
= 0.005). One year after transfer, no-transition patients were more likely to have a flare (36% vs. 22%;
= 0.018) and reported more hospitalisations (10% vs. 3%;
= 0.025). The lack of transition, as well as parameters at transfer, including IBD activity, body mass index < 18.5 and corticosteroid treatment, were associated with poor clinical outcome. One patient in the transition group (0.4%) was lost to follow-up. (4) Conclusion: Transition care programmes improve patients' outcomes after the transfer from paediatric to adult IBD units. Active IBD at transfer impairs outcomes.
Two techniques frequently used for monitoring pronghorn populations were compared in vegetation communities of the Chihuahuan Desert in New Mexico, USA. The evaluated techniques included the walking ...line transect and the driving line transect under two vegetation types and relative to season. The true population value (control) used to evaluate the techniques was a complete census using flights conducted over the entire study area (8000 ha). On grassland vegetation, the walking transect overestimates pronghorn density (n/km²), compared with the control (0.77 vs. 0.18 n/km²), as well as in the mesquite-grassland vegetation where the walking transect overestimates density (0.26 n/km²) compared with the control (0.11 n/km²). An increase in overestimation was found in the walking technique as the number of pronghorns in an area increased. In contrast, the driving technique showed no significant differences (P>0.05) compared with the control, in both grassland and mesquite-grassland pastures. It can be concluded that driving transect sampling is an accurate method to study pronghorn densities in the Chihuahuan Desert ecosystem, while walking transect sampling estimations need to be adjusted to obtain accurate population sizes.
Forage use and availability for white tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus thomasi (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) in an experimental unit of Campeche, Mexico. In Campeche state, 122 Wildlife Conservation and ...Management Units have been recently conformed. In these units, eventhough the white tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus thomasi is a game species, no studies on its diet have been undertaken. The objectives of this work were to estimate the botanical composition of the diet and its seasonal change, to determine forage availability, carrying capacity and stocking rate of O. virginianus thomasi. The study was conducted in the experimental unit of Colegio de Postgraduados in Campeche, Mexico, from October 2010 to May 2012. The diet was determined through microhistological analyses of the white tailed deer feces by the use of reference material. Forage availability was determined through the Adelaide's method; the stocking rate, using the grazing pressure factor; and carrying capacity considering forage availability and 35% of utilization efficiency. In this experimental unit, the deer diet included 40 species belonging to 15 families. The highest species richness ocurred during the rainy season with 29 species. However, deers preferred shrubs during all seasons, and herbaceous species during the rainy season. The diet composition, forage availability, carrying capacity and stocking rate varied throughout the year. Carrying capacity ranged from 0.04 to 1.08deer/ha. Additional studies are required to detail about the composition of the diet, habitat availability and use throughout its geographical range, and to detail on nutritional and health aspects.
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