Oral cancer is a common malignant cancer, which is difficult to treat with traditional methods. Photodynamic therapy is a new alternative that is gaining widespread attention. We investigated the ...therapeutic effectiveness against oral cancer cells, and the mechanism of action of near-infrared photodynamic therapy (NIR-PDT) combined with the photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and up-conversion nanoparticles NaYF4:Yb/Er (UCNPs). After using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay to determine a suitable concentration combination, human squamous cell carcinoma cells (HSC-3s) were treated with NIR-PDT combined with Ce6 and UCNPs. We examined cell proliferation and death by MTT assay, cell membrane permeability by live or dead cell staining, apoptosis by the FITC-Annexin V/PI assay, intracellular singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS). NIR-PDT with 0.5ng/μL Ce6 and 0.1ng/μL UCNPs inhibited the cell proliferation of HSC-3s (p<0.05). NIR-PDT led to an increase in intracellular singlet oxygen and ROS (p<0.05), and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis occurred (p<0.01). At the same time, the permeability of the cell membrane increased over time (p<0.05). These results suggest that this treatment can inhibit the proliferation of oral cancer cells and induce apoptosis. (J Osaka Dent Univ 2024; 58: 125-134)
Drought stress poses severe threat to the development and even the survival status of plants. Plants utilize various methods responding to drought, among which the forming of more well-developed ...xylem in leaf vein in woody plants deserves our attention. Herein, we report a transcription factor CkREV from HD-ZIP III family in
Caragana korshinskii
, which possesses significant functions in drought response by regulating xylem vessel development in leaf vein. Research reveal that in
C. korshinskii
the expression level of
CkREV
located in xylem vessel and adjacent cells will increase as the level of drought intensifies, and can directly induce the expression of
CkLAX3
,
CkVND6
,
CkVND7
, and
CkPAL4
by binding to their promoter regions. In
Arabidopsis thaliana
, CkREV senses changes in drought stress signals and bidirectionally regulates the expression of related genes to control auxin polar transport, vessel differentiation, and synthesis of cell wall deposits, thereby significantly enhancing plant drought tolerance. In conclusion, our findings offer a novel understanding of the regulation of CkREV, a determinant of leaf adaxial side, on the secondary development of xylem vessels in leaf vein to enhance stress tolerance in woody plants.
The IC50s of seven potent N,N′-arylurea compounds against juvenile and adult S. japonicum. Compounds 16 and 38 showed higher activities than the positive control MMV665852. Display omitted
Although ...the antischistosomal activities of N,N′-arylurea analogs were reported, systematic structure–activity relationships have not been conducted. In this Letter, we reported the design, synthesis and evaluation of 45 N,N′-arylurea analogs. Among these prepared compounds, 13 compounds were urea linker modified and 32 were N,N′-arylurea derivatives. The activity evaluation revealed 12 analogs exhibited IC50 values lower than 22.6μM, and 7 of them had IC50 less than 10μM against the juvenile Schistosoma japonicum in vitro. Their worm killing potency was even higher against adult worm. Unfortunately, low to moderate worm burden reduction of 0–33.4% was recorded after administration of a single oral dose of 200mg/kg or 400mg/kg to mice harboring S. japonicum.
Plant height and grain size are important agronomic traits affecting rice yield. Various plant hormones participate in the regulation of plant height and grain size in rice. However, how these ...hormones cooperate to regulate plant height and grain size is poorly understood. In this study, we identified a brassinosteroid-related gene,
, from an introgression line constructed using
, that caused brassinosteroid insensitivity and reduced plant height and grain length in rice. Further study showed that
is a new allele of
with a single-nucleotide polymorphism (G to A) in the coding region, leading to a T988I conversion at a conserved site of the kinase domain. By combining yeast one-hybrid assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR and gene expression quantification, we demonstrated that OsARF17, an auxin response factor, could bind to the promoter region of
and positively regulated
expression, thereby regulating the plant height and grain length, and influencing brassinosteroid sensitivity. Haplotype analysis showed that the consociation of
/
conferred an increase in grain length. Overall, this study identified
as a new allele of
that regulates plant height and grain length in rice, revealed that brassinosteroid and auxin might coordinate through
-
interaction, and provided a potential breeding target for improvement of rice yield.
Tooth staining is not detrimental to dental health, but it is a dental problem that occurs frequently. Teeth with coloring problems do not give a healthy impression. The mechanism of tooth staining ...should be clarified to resolve this embarrassment, but much remains unknown. Tannin is a pigment found in various plants and is known in food and drink as the pigment component of persimmons and wine. In this study, we experimentally stained enamel, which constitutes the superficial layer of the crown of teeth, by reacting with tannin and analyzed the results both visually and digitally, and observed whether the microstructure changed or not, and discussed the relationship with the reaction time.
Background
Yield and quality are the two most important traits in crop breeding. Exploring the regulatory mechanisms that affect both yield and quality traits is of great significance for ...understanding the molecular genetic networks controlling these key crop attributes. Expansins are cell wall loosening proteins that play important roles in regulating rice grain size.
Results
We investigated the effect of
OsEXPA7
, encoding an expansin, on rice grain size and quality.
OsEXPA7
overexpression resulted in increased plant height, panicle length, grain length, and thousand-grain weight in rice.
OsEXPA7
overexpression also affected gel consistency and amylose content in rice grains, thus affecting rice quality. Subcellular localization and tissue expression analyses showed that
OsEXPA7
is localized on the cell wall and is highly expressed in the panicle. Hormone treatment experiments revealed that
OsEXPA7
expression mainly responds to methyl jasmonate, brassinolide, and gibberellin. Transcriptome analysis and RT-qPCR experiments showed that overexpression of
OsEXPA7
affects the expression of
OsJAZs
in the jasmonic acid pathway and
BZR1
and
GE
in the brassinosteroid pathway. In addition,
OsEXPA7
regulates the expression of key quantitative trait loci related to yield traits, as well as regulates the expression levels of
BIP1
and
bZIP50
involved in the seed storage protein biosynthesis pathway.
Conclusions
These results reveal that
OsEXPA7
positively regulates rice yield traits and negatively regulates grain quality traits by involving plant hormone pathways and other trait-related pathway genes. These findings increase our understanding of the potential mechanism of expansins in regulating rice yield and quality traits and will be useful for breeding high-yielding and high-quality rice cultivars.
Spikelet number per panicle (SNP) is one of the most important yield components in rice. Rice
(
), a gene involved in improved SNP and yield, has been cloned from an accession of Dongxiang wild rice. ...However, the mechanism of
increasing rice SNP is poorly understood. In this study, the RNA-Seq technology was used to analyze the transcriptome of wildtype Guichao 2 and
over-expression line B102 at the heading stage, and analysis of the evolution of
was also conducted. A total of 5369 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between Guichao2 and B102, most of which were down-regulated in B102. Analysis of the expression of endogenous hormone-related genes revealed that 63 auxin-related genes were significantly down-regulated in B102. Gene Ontogeny (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the 63 DEGs were mainly enriched in eight GO terms, including auxin-activated signaling pathway, auxin polar transport, auxin transport, basipetal auxin transport, and amino acid transmembrane transport, most of which were directly or indirectly related to polar auxin transport. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway analysis further verified that the down-regulated genes related to polar auxin transport had important effects on increased SNP. Analysis of the evolution of
found that
was involved in the differentiation of
and
, and the differentiation of
supported the multi-origin model of rice domestication.
(
) subspecies harbored higher nucleotide diversity than
(
) subspecies in the
region, and
experienced strong balancing selection during evolution, while selection in
was neutral. The degree of genetic differentiation between
and
subspecies was the smallest, while it was the highest between
and
. Phylogenetic analysis of the Hsp70 family in
,
, and
indicated that changes in the sequences of
were accelerated during evolution. Accelerated evolution and domain loss in OsEBS resulted in neofunctionalization. The results obtained from this study provide an important theoretical basis for high-yield rice breeding.
ABSTRACT
Auxin is an important phytohormone in plants, and auxin signaling pathways in rice play key roles in regulating its growth, development, and productivity. To investigate how rice grain yield ...traits are regulated by auxin signaling pathways and to facilitate their application in rice improvement, we validated the functional relationships among regulatory genes such as OsIAA10, OsSK41, and OsARF21 that are involved in one of the auxin (OsIAA10) signaling pathways. We assessed the phenotypic effects of these genes on several grain yield traits across two environments using knockout and/or overexpression transgenic lines. Based on the results, we constructed a model that showed how grain yield traits were regulated by OsIAA10 and OsTIR1, OsAFB2, and OsSK41 and OsmiR393 in the OsSK41‐OsIAA10‐OsARF module and by OsARF21 in the transcriptional regulation of downstream auxin response genes in the OsSK41‐OsIAA10‐OsARF module. The population genomic analyses revealed rich genetic diversity and the presence of major functional alleles at most of these loci in rice populations. The strong differentiation of many major alleles between Xian/indica and Geng/japonica subspecies and/or among modern varieties and landraces suggested that they contributed to improved productivity during evolution and breeding. We identified several important aspects associated with the genetic and molecular bases of rice grain and yield traits that were regulated by auxin signaling pathways. We also suggested rice auxin response factor (OsARF) activators as candidate target genes for improving specific target traits by overexpression and/or editing subspecies‐specific alleles and by searching and pyramiding the ‘best’ gene allelic combinations at multiple regulatory genes in auxin signaling pathways in rice breeding programs.
Integrated functional and population genomics approaches reveal that a module comprising the GSK3/SHAGGY‐like kinase OsSK41, OsIAA10, and OsAUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR regulates grain yield traits in rice.
Materials that inhibit dentin hypersensitivity include those that seal dentin tubules. The dentin tubule sealing properties of the materials should be strong and biocompatible. The newly developed ...dentin hypersensitivity suppressing material is a biomaterial that satisfies both of these properties. The main ingredient is calcium carbonate, which has applications in antacids (pharmaceuticals), bone replacement materials (medical devices), and food additives. In this study, we investigated some of the effects on dentin tubule sealing properties received from brushing and ultrasonic cleaning after dentin tubules were sealed by reacting the newly developed calcium carbonate with a phosphoric acid solution.
Bacterial attachment to tooth surfaces via acquired pellicles is important in the mechanism of caries development. Streptococci are the initial colonizers on the tooth surface. Dental plaque ...maturation occurs when late-established bacteria bind and grow on the outside of the early-established bacteria. Phytochemicals are part of the plant defense system, and a variety of antimicrobial components are known to exist. However, the effects of complexes containing multiple phytochemicals on the initial settlement of bacteria in dental plaque are not known.In this study, we prepared a complex of three Phytochemicals (IP2). Then we investigated the inhibitory effects of a complex of three different phytochemicals on the growth of five types of early-occupying bacteria constituting dental plaque. As a result, there was a large inhibitory effect on the number of all colonies.
