Callithrix marmosets are a relatively young primate radiation, whose phylogeny is not yet fully resolved. These primates are naturally para- and allopatric, but three species with highly invasive ...potential have been introduced into the southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest by the pet trade. There, these species hybridize with each other and endangered, native congeners. We aimed here to reconstruct a robust Callithrix phylogeny and divergence time estimates, and identify the biogeographic origins of autochthonous and allochthonous Callithrix mitogenome lineages. We sequenced 49 mitogenomes from four species (C. aurita, C. geoffroyi, C. jacchus, C. penicillata) and anthropogenic hybrids (C. aurita x Callithrix sp., C. penicillata x C. jacchus, Callithrix sp. x Callithrix sp., C. penicillata x C. geoffroyi) via Sanger and whole genome sequencing. We combined these data with previously published Callithrix mitogenomes to analyze five Callithrix species in total.
We report the complete sequence and organization of the C. aurita mitogenome. Phylogenetic analyses showed that C. aurita was the first to diverge within Callithrix 3.54 million years ago (Ma), while C. jacchus and C. penicillata lineages diverged most recently 0.5 Ma as sister clades. MtDNA clades of C. aurita, C. geoffroyi, and C. penicillata show intraspecific geographic structure, but C. penicillata clades appear polyphyletic. Hybrids, which were identified by phenotype, possessed mainly C. penicillata or C. jacchus mtDNA haplotypes. The biogeographic origins of mtDNA haplotypes from hybrid and allochthonous Callithrix were broadly distributed across natural Callithrix ranges. Our phylogenetic results also evidence introgression of C. jacchus mtDNA into C. aurita.
Our robust Callithrix mitogenome phylogeny shows C. aurita lineages as basal and C. jacchus lineages among the most recent within Callithrix. We provide the first evidence that parental mtDNA lineages of anthropogenic hybrid and allochthonous marmosets are broadly distributed inside and outside of the Atlantic Forest. We also show evidence of cryptic hybridization between allochthonous Callithrix and autochthonous C. aurita. Our results encouragingly show that further development of genomic resources will allow to more clearly elucidate Callithrix evolutionary relationships and understand the dynamics of Callithrix anthropogenic introductions into the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
O uso da matriz por espécies que naturalmente habitam manchas florestais pode ser um instrumento importante para restaurar a conectividade em paisagens fragmentadas. O tipo e a estrutura da matriz ...são determinantes para esta conectividade, porém, poucos estudos exploram este tema. Neste estudo, nós avaliamos a comunidade de pequenos mamíferos dentro de fragmentos florestais e também dentro de dois tipos de matrizes (plantação de café e pasto). No total foram capturadas 11 espécies de pequenos mamíferos, sendo Akodon montensis, Oligoryzomys nigripes e Calomys cerqueirai as mais abundantes nos fragmentos, plantação de café e pasto, respectivamente. Os resultados mostram que a composição e a estrutura da comunidade nos dois tipos de matrizes foram diferentes daquelas encontradas nos fragmentos, e que a matriz de café possui maior abundância e riqueza de espécies que a matriz de pasto.
Transmission of disease between wildlife, domestic animals, and humans
is of great concern to conservation issues and public health. Here we
report on the prevalence of anti-Leishmania sp. antibodies ...in 21 wild
canids (7 Chrysocyon brachyurus , 12 Cerdocyon thous , and 2
Lycalopex vetulus ) and 74 free domestic dogs ( Canis familiaris )
sampled around the Serra do Cipó National Park. In dogs, the
apparent prevalence was 8.1% and in wild canids it was 19% (2
crab-eating foxes, C. thous, and 2 maned wolves, C. brachyurus).
Management of the domestic dog population with evaluation of incidence
changes in humans and wildlife, and enlightenment on the role of wild
reservoirs are essential issues for future action and research.
BRAZIL ROAD-KILL Grilo, Clara; Coimbra, Michely R.; Cerqueira, Rafaela C. ...
Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America,
01/2019, Volume:
100, Issue:
1
Journal Article
PDF
