The Tibetan Plateau is the highest and one of the most demanding environments ever inhabited by humans. We investigated the timing and mechanisms of its initial colonization at the Nwya Devu site, ...located nearly 4600 meters above sea level. This site, dating from 40,000 to 30,000 years ago, is the highest Paleolithic archaeological site yet identified globally. Nwya Devu has yielded an abundant blade tool assemblage, indicating hitherto-unknown capacities for the survival of modern humans who camped in this environment. This site deepens the history of the peopling of the "roof of the world" and the antiquity of human high-altitude occupations more generally.
The discovery that dentine is a reservoir of bioactive molecules that can be recruited on demand has attracted efforts to develop new protocols and materials for vital pulp therapy (VPT). The ...noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) present in the dentine extracellular matrix (ECM) include growth factors (TGF‐β1, BMP‐7, FGF‐2, IGF‐1 and IGF‐2, NGF and GDNF), extracellular matrix molecules (DSP, DPP, BSP, DMP‐1 and DSPP) and both anti‐inflammatory and pro‐inflammatory chemokines and cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1, IL‐6 and IL‐10). Molecules such as DSP and DPP are mainly expressed by odontoblasts, and they are cleaved products from dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). Some molecules, such as TGF‐β1, specifically interact with decorin/biglycan in dentine. Although TGF‐β1 increases the expression and secretion of NGF in human pulp cells, NGF induces mineralization and increases the expression of DSPP and DMP‐1. Furthermore, GDNF may act as a cell survival factor and mitogen during tooth injury and repair. Pulp capping materials, such as MTA and calcium hydroxide, can solubilize bioactive dentine molecules (TGF‐β1, NGF and GDNF) that stimulate tertiary dentinogenesis. The binding of these signalling molecules leads to activation of several signalling transduction pathways involved in dentinogenesis, odontoblast differentiation and inflammatory responses, such as the p38 MAPK, NF‐kβ and Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathways. Understanding the cascade of cellular and molecular events underlying the repair and regeneration processes provides a reasonable new approach to VPT through a targeted interaction between tooth tissue and bioactive molecules.
ACPYPE (or AnteChamber PYthon Parser interfacE) is a wrapper script around the ANTECHAMBER software that simplifies the generation of small molecule topologies and parameters for a variety of ...molecular dynamics programmes like GROMACS, CHARMM and CNS. It is written in the Python programming language and was developed as a tool for interfacing with other Python based applications such as the CCPN software suite (for NMR data analysis) and ARIA (for structure calculations from NMR data). ACPYPE is open source code, under GNU GPL v3, and is available as a stand-alone application at http://www.ccpn.ac.uk/acpype and as a web portal application at http://webapps.ccpn.ac.uk/acpype.
We verified the topologies generated by ACPYPE in three ways: by comparing with default AMBER topologies for standard amino acids; by generating and verifying topologies for a large set of ligands from the PDB; and by recalculating the structures for 5 protein-ligand complexes from the PDB.
ACPYPE is a tool that simplifies the automatic generation of topology and parameters in different formats for different molecular mechanics programmes, including calculation of partial charges, while being object oriented for integration with other applications.
In this work, we study the extended viscous dark energy models in the context of matter perturbations. To do this, we assume an alternative interpretation of the flat ...Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker Universe, through the nonadditive entropy and the viscous dark energy. We implement the relativistic equations to obtain the growth of matter fluctuations for a smooth version of dark energy. As result, we show that the matter density contrast evolves similarly to the
Λ
CDM model in high redshift; however, in late time, it is slightly different from the standard model. Using the latest geometrical and growth rate observational data, we carry out a Bayesian analysis to constrain parameters and compare models. We see that our viscous models are compatible with cosmological probes, and the
Λ
CDM recovered with a
1
σ
confidence level. The viscous dark energy models relieve the tension of
H
0
in
2
∼
3
σ
. Yet, by involving the
σ
8
tension, some models can alleviate it. In the model selection framework, the data discards the extended viscous dark energy models.
Extrusion-based 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) is rapidly gaining popularity in the construction industry. Trial projects are now being realized at an increasing rate around the world to test the ...viability of the technology against real-world requirements. This step, from the ‘simple’ deposition of filaments of self-stable concrete to its application in buildings and structures, with all associated requirements and interfaces, comes with challenges. These range from matching the design intent to the manufacturing capabilities (through structural analysis and approval, and reinforcement) to quality consistency (robustness) on large scale, and compatibility with other materials. In many of these areas, much simply remains unknown due to a lack of experimental data or information from projects where 3DCP has been applied. This paper aims at reducing this knowledge gap by presenting a systematic discussion, based on the analyses of eight realized 3DCP projects from around the world. It was found that the structural application of printed concrete is limited, due to a lack of regulatory framework for expedient approval, as well as limited reinforcement options which require to resort to unreinforced masonry analogies. The application of the technology features a host of practical issues that relate to the print process, material, site conditions, building integration and design – or to the 3DCP technology in general. Although some potential risks, such as shrinkage cracking and quality consistency are generally recognized, the measures taken to mitigate them vary considerably, and are largely based on individual expertise. The actual effectiveness is generally unknown. Finally, it was observed that, while the printing itself is fast, the preparation time is generally considerable. This is partially due to a lack of knowledge amongst professionals. In the practical production of a 3DCP project, three expertise areas are crucial: one for the digital part, one for the machine side, and one for the material side. Thus there is a strong need for educational institutions to develop dedicated training courses and incorporate relevant topics into their curricula.
It is analysed Aharonov–Bohm-type effects when a spinless quantum particle is in an elastic medium with the distortion of a vertical line into a vertical spiral. By confining the spinless particle to ...a cylindrical box, the analogue of the Aharonov–Bohm effect for bound states is observed due to the influence of the topological defect on the allowed energies of the system. It corresponds to the shift in the angular momentum quantum number yielded by the effects of the topology of the distortion of a vertical line into a vertical spiral. In addition, it is analysed the effects of rotation. It is shown that the Aharonov–Bohm effect for bound states exists. Besides, there is an analogue of the coupling between the angular momentum and angular velocity of the rotating frame.
We investigate the Tsallis holographic dark energy (THDE) models in the context of perturbations’ growth. We assume the description of dark energy by considering the holographic principle and the ...nonadditive entropy to carry out this. We implement the perturbed relativistic equations to achieve the growth of matter fluctuations, being the growth rate of the cosmic structures is non-negligible at low redshifts. To constrain and compare the models, we carry out the Bayesian analysis using the recent geometrical and growth rate observational data. The main results are: (i) the models are compatible with cosmological observations, (ii) the cosmological constant recovered with a
1
σ
confidence level, furthermore (iii) they could cross the phantom barrier. Finally, the models can relieve
≈
1
σ
the
σ
8
tension in the non-clustered case and can alleviate in
≈
2.8
σ
the
H
0
tension. From the model selection viewpoint, the data discarded the THDE models.
This article offers a comprehensive overview of the underlying physics relevant to an understanding of materials processing during the various production steps in extrusion-based 3D concrete printing ...(3DCP). Understanding the physics governing the processes is an important step towards the purposeful design and optimization of 3DCP systems as well as their efficient and robust process control. For some processes, analytical formulas based on the relevant physics have already enabled reasonable predictions with respect to material flow behavior and buildability, especially in the case of relatively simple geometries.
The existing research in the field was systematically compiled by the authors in the framework of the activities of the RILEM Technical Committee 276 “Digital fabrication with cement-based materials”. However, further research is needed to develop reliable tools for the quantitative analysis of the entire process chain. To achieve this, experimental efforts for the characterization of material properties need to go hand in hand with comprehensive numerical simulation.
Non-relativistic quantum effects of the topology of the spacetime with the distortion of a vertical line into a vertical spiral on the harmonic oscillator are investigated. By searching for ...analytical solutions to the Schrödinger equation in this topological defect background, it is shown that the topology of the spacetime modifies the spectrum of energy of the harmonic oscillator. Besides, it is shown that there exists an Aharonov–Bohm-type effect for bound states.
Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) is a species often mentioned in traditional medicine due to the medicinal properties attributed to its leaves, which include antibacterial, antifungal, acaricidal ...and antioxidant. Several of these actions have been scientifically proven, according to reports in the literature; however, little is known about toxicological aspects of this plant. This work included studies to determine the chemical composition and toxicity tests, using several methods aiming to evaluate the safety for use of the aqueous extract of L. sidoides leaves, in addition, the anxiolytic effect on adult zebrafish was investigated, thus contributing to the pharmacological knowledge and traditional medicine concerning the specie under study. The chemical profile was determined by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry-HPLC/MS with electrospray ionization. Toxicity was evaluated by zebrafish, Drosophila melanogaster, blood cells, and Artemia salina models. 12 compounds belonging to the flavonoid class were identified. In the toxicity assays, the observed results showed low toxicity of the aqueous extract in all tests performed. In the analysis with zebrafish, the highest doses of the extract were anxiolytic, neuromodulating the GABAa receptor. The obtained results support the safe use of the aqueous extract of L. sidoides leaves for the development of new drugs and for the use by populations in traditional medicine.
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