Accurately distinguishing between enantiomeric molecules is a fundamental challenge in the field of chemistry. However, there is still significant room for improvement in both the enantiomeric ...selectivity (KR(S)/KS(R)) and binding strength of most reported macrocyclic chiral receptors to meet the demands of practical application scenarios. Herein, we synthesized a water‐soluble conjugated tubular host—namely, corral4BINOL—using a chiral 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol (BINOL) derivative as the repeating unit. The conjugated chiral backbone endows corral4BINOL with good fluorescent emission (QY=34 % ) and circularly polarized luminescence (|glum| up to 1.4×10−3) in water. Notably, corral4BINOL exhibits high recognition affinity up to 8.6×1010 M−1 towards achiral guests in water, and manifested excellent enantioselectivity up to 18.7 towards chiral substrates, both of which represent the highest values observed among chiral macrocycles in aqueous solution. The ultrastrong binding strength, outstanding enantioselectivity, and facile accessibility, together with the superior fluorescent and chiroptical properties, endow corral4BINOL with great potential for a wide range of applications.
A pair of water‐soluble enantiomeric macrocycles was prepared using a chiral 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol derivative as the building unit. The conjugated backbone results in the macrocycles having attractive chiral emissive properties, exceptional recognition affinity (up to 1010 M−1) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 18.7) in water.
This paper presents a distributed stochastic economic model predictive control (DSEMPC) algorithm for network interconnected systems with dynamic couplings and economic considerations. Each ...individual subsystem is subject to stochastic disturbances and state chance constraints. Unlike many existing methods, the proposed approach relies only on the expectation information of the disturbance and real-time estimated covariance. To transform chance constraints into the deterministic form, the Cantelli and Hoeffding inequalities are employed. Moreover, a novel robust adaptive tightened term for constraints is designed based on neighbors' reference nominal states and the estimated time-varying covariance for each subsystem. This term reduces conservativeness and decouples the dynamics, reformulating the chance constraints and ensuring recursive feasibility. The distributed control algorithm is also aimed at optimizing the economic performance whose cost function is not necessarily positive definite or quadratic in the presence of stochastic disturbance. The input-to-state stability in probability (ISSiP) of each subsystem is guaranteed through a tailored Lyapunov function in expectation form. The paper closes with a simulation of data center temperature control, highlighting the proposed results' effectiveness and the advantage of economic performance optimization.
Two steps can be better than one: An efficient synthesis of enantioenriched N‐allylindoles by a one‐pot Ir‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation/oxidation reaction of indolines has been realized. ...The current method features high regioselectivity and enantioselectivity together with a broad range of indoles with varying electronic properties. The utility of this method was demonstrated by the synthesis of dihydropyrrolo1,2‐aindole derivatives.
A chiral iridium(I) N‐heterocyclic carbene complex was reported for the first time as the catalyst in the highly enantioselective intramolecular allylic amination reaction. The current method ...provides facile access to biologically important enantioenriched indolopiperazinones and piperazinones in good yields (74–91 %) and excellent enantioselectivities (92–99 % ee). Preliminary mechanistic investigations reveal that the C−H activation occurs at the position ortho to the N‐aryl group of the ligand.
A chiral iridium(I) N‐heterocyclic carbene complex catalyzes highly enantioselective intramolecular allylic amination reactions. This method provides facile access to biologically important enantioenriched indolopiperazinones and piperazinones in good yields. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the C−H activation occurs at the position ortho to the N‐aryl group of the ligand.
To investigate whether preoperative localization of sentinel lymph node (SLN) by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can further improve the accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB).
Collect ...published literatures or conference reports by searching electronic databases. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) evaluation method is used to evaluate the quality of the screened literatures. The pooled risk ratio of cancer metastasis of SLN identified by CEUS (CE-SLN) compared with SLN not identified by CEUS (nonCE-SLN) is calculated, and the pooled diagnostic accuracy of CE-SLN for pathological status of all SLNs is also evaluated.
Through search and screening, a total of 16 studies were included, of which five and seven studies, respectively, entered the meta-analysis of metastatic risk ratio and diagnostic accuracy. The localization rate of preoperative CEUS for sentinel lymph nodes was 70 to 100%. The meta-analysis shows that the risk of metastasis of SLN identified by CEUS is significantly higher than that not identified by CEUS, 26.0% vs 4.6%, and risk ratio (RR) is 6.08 (95% CI 4.17-8.85). In early-stage breast cancer, the pathological status of CE-SLN is a good representative of all SLNs, with a pooled sensitivity of 98% (95% CI 0.94-1.00), pooled specificity of 100% (95% CI 0.99-1.00), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 2153.18 (95% CI 476.53-9729.06), and area under the subject receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve of 0.9968.
In early-stage breast cancer, preoperative localization of SLN by CEUS is expected to further improve the accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB).
Subduction leads to voluminous arc magmatism at active continental margins; however, the potential far‐field geodynamic connections with coeval magmatism along opposing passive margins, are rarely ...investigated. Here we report large‐scale and parallel mafic dike swarms on the South Qinling passive margin, whose geochemical features record the thick and cold subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath passive margin was gradually replaced by thin and hot one during the early Paleozoic. The subduction of the Proto‐Tethys oceanic lithosphere led to arc magmatism along the active margin, shortly after the rift‐related mafic dike swarms occurred along the passive margin. Subsequent to the continuous oceanic subduction including the ridge‐margin collision, mantle upwelling and slab rollback eventually triggered large‐scale rift‐related magmatism and the opening of new ocean basin at passive margin, and also back‐arc magmatism on the active margin. We highlight slab subduction and pull link the geodynamic processes at active and passive continental margins, which improves our understanding of plate tectonics.
Plain Language Summary
Large‐scale alkali mafic dike swarms on the South Qinling passive continental margin are associated with a series of parallel faults. Based on the estimated pressures and temperatures of the mantle sources of these dike swarms, we found that the thick and cold subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the passive continental margin was gradually replaced by thin and hot one during the early Paleozoic. In addition, arc magmatism on the active margin would slightly precede the dike swarms in passive continental margin. We suggest that the subduction of the Proto‐Tethys oceanic lithosphere led to arc magmatism along the active margin, while rift‐related magmatism occurred along the passive margin of South Qinling. Subsequent to the continuous oceanic subduction including the ridge‐margin collision, mantle upwelling and slab rollback increased the tensional forces on the passive margin, eventually triggering large‐scale rift‐related magmatism and the opening of the ocean. Thus, we suggest the slab pull associated with subduction, and mantle upwelling geodynamicaly link the active and passive continental margin magmatism and leading to the opening of new ocean basins at passive margin.
Key Points
Large‐scale parallel mafic dike swarms on South Qinling passive continental margin record thinning of the SCLM during Paleozoic
Arc magmatism on the active margin of North Qinling and Erlangping Arc slightly precede the dike swarms in South Qinling
Slab subduction, pull and mantle upwelling geodynamicaly link the active and passive continental margins
Objective. To investigate the nutritional risk, malnutrition, severe malnutrition, and malnutrition prevalence of different stages in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with and without diabetes ...mellitus using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM), and to analyze the causes of malnutrition and to improve the clinical outcomes of patients for early intervention. Methods. A total of 683 patients with CKD who were hospitalized in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 were enrolled and divided into subgroups 1 to 5 according to whether they were complicated with diabetes and glomerular filtration rate. Using the second step of the malnutrition (GLIM) diagnostic tool and 2 previously commonly used malnutrition assessment methods (body mass index <18.5 kg/m2 with poor general condition, 3 points for nutritional deficiency in nutritional risk screening), combined with clinical research on the main causes of malnutrition, the intervention measures were discussed. Results. The prevalence of malnutrition was 16.7% (114/683) in the patients included in the survey using the diagnostic criteria of malnutrition (GLIM) (excluding whole body muscle mass index). The prevalence of malnutrition in CKD patients with and without diabetes was 23.7% and 12.6%, respectively. The overall prevalence rate of severe malnutrition was 14.2%, and the prevalence rates of those with and without diabetes were 19.0% and 11.4%, respectively; the results of the two methods of malnutrition assessment showed that the prevalence of malnutrition in CKD patients with diabetes was higher than that in the uncombined group. There was no severe malnutrition in patients with CKD stages 1 and 2. From CKD stage 3 onwards, the severe malnutrition in the diabetic group was significantly higher than that in the uncombined group. Conclusion. With the progression of CKD, the incidence of malnutrition also gradually increased, indicating that malnutrition is related to primary diseases and concomitant diseases. Attention should be paid to the malnutrition of CKD patients with diabetes, and clinical medical staff need to pay early attention to various diseases that lead to the progression of CKD, such as diabetes, primary nephropathy, and other factors, to prevent complications and delay the progression of CKD.
Dearomatization of an indole via palladium(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction has been realized. With readily available triphenylphosphine as ligand, various spiroindolenine derivatives have been ...obtained in good to excellent yields, and enantioselective control is also feasible with chiral ligands.
Background & Aims
Insulin resistance is strongly associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, a chronic, obesity–related liver disease. Increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an ...important role in the development of insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated the roles of miRNAs in regulating ER stress in the liver of rats with obesity.
Methods
We used miRNA microarray to determine the miRNA expression profiles in the liver of rats fed with a high fat diet (HFD). We used prediction algorithms and luciferase reporter assay to identify the target gene of miRNAs. To overexpress the miRNA miR‐30b or inhibit miR‐30b rats were injected with lentivirus particles containing PGLV3‐miR‐30b or PGLV3‐miR‐30b antimiR through tail vein. Hepatic steatosis was measured using transient elastography in human subjects.
Results
Our data showed that miR‐30b was markedly up‐regulated in the liver of HFD–treated rats. Bioinformatic and in vitro and in vivo studies led us to identify sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase 2b (SERCA2b), as a novel target of miR‐30b. Overexpression of miR‐30b induced ER stress and insulin resistance in rats fed with normal diet, whereas inhibition of miR‐30b by miR‐30b antimiR suppressed ER stress and insulin resistance in HFD–treated rats. Finally, our data demonstrated that there was a positive correlation between serum miR‐30b levels and hepatic steatosis or homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) in human subjects.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that miR‐30b represents not only a potential target for the treatment of insulin resistance, but also a non‐invasive disease biomarker of NAFLD.
In this article, a robust model predictive control (MPC) algorithm based on tube approach is presented for time-varying trajectory tracking control of robot manipulator. The robot manipulator is ...affected by disturbances, and is subject to both joint state constraints and input torque limits. To ensure the satisfaction of constraints, by taking into account the effect of disturbances explicitly, the constraints are tightened for the nominal system, and the MPC strategy drives the actual system trajectory within a tube centered around the nominal system trajectory. This article shows how to construct three key ingredients, i.e., the terminal cost, controller, and region, of the robust model predictive tracking controller to guarantee the feasibility of MPC optimization problem for all time, and to ensure input-to-state stability of the closed-loop tracking error system. The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated through an experimental study using a Baxter robot.
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