Abstract
The morphological characteristics of the endocrine pancreas of nutria in female and male nutria at the age of 1 day, 2 months, 4.5 months, 7.5 months and 12 months have a number of sex and ...age characteristics and differences. The number of islets in pancreatic lobules at 1 day of age in males is 3–6, and in females – 2–3. At 2 months of age, their number in males decreases to 2–4, and in females it increases to 5–6. From 4.5 months of age, the number of islands in females and males ranges from 2 to 3. At 1 day and 2 months of age, in nutria, islet division is recorded due to the cleavage and formation of new cell groups. The area of endocrine islets in females and males of nutria changes in a wave-like manner with age, having minimum values in 1-day and 4.5 months of age, and the maximum at 12 months of age. The nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of endocrine islet insulocytes in nutria increases from 1 day to 2 months of life to their maximum values, and in subsequent age periods decrease and by the age of 12 months reaches its minimum.
Data on the morphometric parameters of the renal corpuscle, renal tubules, and collecting ducts of male and female nutrias in postnatal ontogenesis were obtained. It was found that the area of the ...renal corpuscle, glomerulus, the cavity and lumen of the capsule, and the proximal tubule diameter in the right and left kidney of female and male nutrias in the first year of life increase. The distal tubule diameter also increases; however, the dynamics of its changes becomes sinuous after 4.5 months. The collecting duct diameter varies depending on gender, age, and renal topography. The nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio in the cells of proximal and distal tubules and collecting ducts changes in a sinuous manner and depends on the gender and age of nutrias. The minimum mean value of the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio was found in the proximal tubule cells in the left kidney of 12-month-old female nutrias (0.162 ± 0.002), and the maximum value was found in the distal tubule cells in the left kidney of newborn male nutrias (0.435 ± 0.007).
Aim of the Study: To evaluate the effects of feed supplementation of Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 (0.1%), B. subtilis KB41 (0.1%), and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KB54 (0.1%) probiotics on growth ...performance, biochemical blood parameters, intestinal morphology, and the immune system of Ross 308 broilers housed on deep litter. Methods and Results: A total of 160 newly hatched Ross 308 broilers were involved in the 42-day-long study with evaluation of growth performance at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d and biochemical blood analysis, histological investigation of jejunum tissues, and analysis of IL-6 and IL-10 gene expression of broilers at 42 d. As a result, probiotic KB41 significantly improved growth performance on the 42nd day of the experiment (P < 0.01), increased the number of Lactobacillus bacteria in the ceca (P = 0.03), and promoted IL-6 and IL-10 genes expression in the spleen of the chickens (P < 0.01). The results of this study generally correspond to our previous study, which included an evaluation of Bacillus-based KB41 and KB54 probiotics on production performance and the immune system of broilers housed in cages, although the effects are less prominent. Conclusions: Less prominent effects are probably linked to the colonization of the broilers' gastrointestinal tract with unknown bacilli of apparent environmental origin, as the broilers were housed in standard conditions. Significance and Impact of Study: This study provides more evidence of B. subtilis KB41 and B. amyloliquefaciens KB54 effectiveness in poultry.
Kidneye size and volume, absolute and relative mass, and tissue density was determined in 50 male and female nutria of different age groups (1 day, 2, 4, 5, 7.5 months and 1 year). It was found that ...in females the relative mass of the kidneys decreased with age, while in males this tendency remained only until the age of 7.5 months. In females from 1 day up to 1 year, the mass and the volume of the right kidney increased 11.44 and 11.25 times, its length and width - increased 2.16 and 2.59 times and its thickness - 2.07 times. In the left kidney, the corresponding indicators increased 11.69, 11.04, 2.14, 2.65 and 2.01 times. In males, from 1 day up to 1 year, the mass and the volume of the right kidney increases 19.49 and 16. 14 times, the length and the width increased 2.69 and 3.11 times and its thickness - 2.38 times. In the left kidney, the corresponding indicators increased 18.52, 16.83, 2.56, 2.98 and 2.72 times. The greatest increase in the indicators studied of the kidneys in female and male nutria took place from birth up to the age of 2 months. It was found that the density of the kidney tissue was the highest at 4.5 months. In the left and right kidneys in female nutria, its value varied from 1.09+/-0,03 to 1.12+/-0.02 g/cm3 respectively, while in the males it changed from 1,04+/-0.01 to 1.08+/-0.02 g/cm3.
Data on the morphometric parameters of the renal corpuscle, renal tubules, and collecting ducts of male and female nutrias in postnatal ontogenesis were obtained. It was found that the area of the ...renal corpuscle, glomerulus, the cavity and lumen of the capsule, and the proximal tubule diameter in the right and left kidney of female and male nutrias in the first year of life increase. The distal tubule diameter also increases; however, the dynamics of its changes becomes sinuous after 4.5 months. The collecting duct diameter varies depending on gender, age, and renal topography. The nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio in the cells of proximal and distal tubules and collecting ducts changes in a sinuous manner and depends on the gender and age of nutrias. The minimum mean value of the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio was found in the proximal tubule cells in the left kidney of 12-month-old female nutrias (0.162 ± 0.002), and the maximum value was found in the distal tubule cells in the left kidney of newborn male nutrias (0.435 ± 0.007).
The proposed approach to the management of marketing and sales activities of the enterprise is aimed at the establishment of its commercial activities, as a process within the framework of a unified ...marketing, business, market and corporate goals and strategies. This in turn requires appropriate transformations of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of sales personnel, namely, the formation and development of human capital as the most valuable asset of the company. After all, it is one of the main elements of the company's sales programs, as the link that connects businesses with customers, through reports to them to create a marketing values, face the enterprise, supplier information, a seeker of new markets and customers. Therefore, the efficient functioning of the economy is increasingly dependent on innovation activity carriers of intellectual capital, how the workers (personnel) interest (financially and morally) to achieve high results.
FARM TAXATION POLICY IN UKRAINE AND POLAND
Economic Sciences for Agrobusiness and Rural Economy/Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference Economic Sciences for Agrobusiness and Rural Economy
Book Chapter
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