This study aimed to identify which digital transformation areas are prioritized in regions with different levels of innovative development. Based on the analysis of statistical information presented ...in reports on the control indicators of regional economy transformation, the most innovative regions were distinguished. The study scrutinized the correlation of regional economic development with the presence/absence of high-tech industries in the area, as well as compared digital skills of residents of innovation clusters with residents of other regions using data structuring and the method of analytical studies. To achieve the ultimate study goal, a number of freelancers’ profiles available on freelance marketplaces was analyzed in terms of the following categories of digital skills: programming (regardless of the programming language), translation, copywriting, SEO and SMM, design, engineering services. The sample included only the profiles of individuals registered no later than 2018 who successfully completed at least three projects. An in-depth consideration of all these data allowed developing recommendations on digitalization of the regional economy, taking into account the number of inhabitants in the region and their density. As a tool for the transformation, this study proposed the four-stage Smart Region model. In sum, the carried-out investigation revealed that the benefits of digitalization are more visible in innovative regions. Correspondingly, the regions with innovative industries are characterized by higher digital skills in the field of engineering. The obtained findings can be used as a basis for management decisions by politicians and IT industry workers striving to promote the implementation of modern technologies.
We conducted this study to explore the association between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene polymorphisms and breast cancer (BC) risk in the Caucasian women of Russia. In total, 358 affected (BC) ...and 746 unaffected (cancer-free) women were included in this case-control retrospective study. From BC-related genes in previous studies, ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five MMP genes (MMP1, 2, 3, 8, 9) were genotyped. The BC risk was calculated by logistic regression (to evaluate the SNPs’ independent effects) and model-based multifactor dimensionality reduction (MB-MDR) (to identify SNP−SNP interactions) methods. The allelic variants’ distribution of c.836 A > G (rs17576) and c. 1721 C > G (rs2250889) MMP9 was significantly different between BC and cancer-free women: for G minor alleles, these SNPs manifested disorder protective effects (OR 0.82 and OR 0.67−0.71, respectively, pperm ≤ 0.035). Eleven haplotypes of six SNPs MMP9 were involved in BC risk (nine haplotypes) and protective (two haplotypes) effects. All 10 SNPs of the MMP genes examined were associated with BC within the 13 SNP−SNP interaction simulated models, with a pivotal role of the two-locus (rs17577 × rs3918242) MMP9 epistatic interaction (defined as 1.81% BC entropy within more than 60% of the genetic models). Under in silico bioinformatics, BC susceptibility MMP polymorphic loci are located in functionally active genome regions and impact genes expression and splicing “regulators” in the mammary gland. The biological pathways of BC MMP candidate genes are mainly realized due to metalloendopeptidase activity and extracellular matrix organization (structure, disassembly, metabolic process, etc.). In conclusion, our data show that MMP gene polymorphisms are related to BC susceptibility in the Caucasian women of Russia.
Functional and morphological studies of tandem DNA repeats, that combine high portion of most genomes, are mostly limited due to the incomplete characterization of these genome elements. We report ...here a genome wide analysis of the large tandem repeats (TR) found in the mouse genome assemblies.
Using a bioinformatics approach, we identified large TR with array size more than 3 kb in two mouse whole genome shotgun (WGS) assemblies. Large TR were classified based on sequence similarity, chromosome position, monomer length, array variability, and GC content; we identified four superfamilies, eight families, and 62 subfamilies - including 60 not previously described. 1) The superfamily of centromeric minor satellite is only found in the unassembled part of the reference genome. 2) The pericentromeric major satellite is the most abundant superfamily and reveals high order repeat structure. 3) Transposable elements related superfamily contains two families. 4) The superfamily of heterogeneous tandem repeats includes four families. One family is found only in the WGS, while two families represent tandem repeats with either single or multi locus location. Despite multi locus location, TRPC-21A-MM is placed into a separated family due to its abundance, strictly pericentromeric location, and resemblance to big human satellites. To confirm our data, we next performed in situ hybridization with three repeats from distinct families. TRPC-21A-MM probe hybridized to chromosomes 3 and 17, multi locus TR-22A-MM probe hybridized to ten chromosomes, and single locus TR-54B-MM probe hybridized with the long loops that emerge from chromosome ends. In addition to in silico predicted several extra-chromosomes were positive for TR by in situ analysis, potentially indicating inaccurate genome assembly of the heterochromatic genome regions.
Chromosome-specific TR had been predicted for mouse but no reliable cytogenetic probes were available before. We report new analysis that identified in silico and confirmed in situ 3/17 chromosome-specific probe TRPC-21-MM. Thus, the new classification had proven to be useful tool for continuation of genome study, while annotated TR can be the valuable source of cytogenetic probes for chromosome recognition.
Objective: We investigated the possible modifying effect of obesity on the association of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene polymorphisms with breast cancer (BC) risk. Methods: A total of 1104 ...women divided into two groups according to their body mass index (BMI): BMI ≥ 30 (119 BC, and 190 control) and BMI < 30 (239 BC, and 556 control) were genotyped for specially selected (according to their association with BC in the previous study) 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of MMP1, 2, 3, 8, and 9 genes. Logistic regression association analysis was performed in each studied group of women (with/without obesity). Functional annotation of BC-correlated MMP polymorphic variants was analyzed by in silico bioinformatics. Results: We observed significant differences in the involvement of MMP SNPs in BC in obese and non-obese women. Polymorphic loci MMP9 (c.836 A > G (rs17576) and c. 1721 C > G (rs2250889)) were BC-protective factors in obese women (OR 0.71, allelic model, and OR 0.55, additive model, respectively). Genotypes TT MMP2 (c.-1306 C > T,rs243865) and AA MMP9 (c. 1331-163 G > A,rs3787268) determined BC susceptibility in non-obese women (OR 0.31, and OR 2.36, respectively). We found in silico substantial multidirectional influences on gene expression in adipose tissue BC-related polymorphic loci: BC risk allele A-rs3787268 in non-obese women is associated with low expression NEURL2, PLTP, RP3-337O18.9, SPATA25, and ZSWIM1, whereas BC risk allele A-rs17576 in obese women is associated with high expression in the same genes in visceral and/or subcutaneous adipose. Conclusions: our study indicated that obesity has a significant modifying effect on the association of MMP genes with BC risk in postmenopausal women.
We apply flicker-noise spectroscopy (FNS), a time series analysis method operating on structure functions and power spectrum estimates, to study the clinical electroencephalogram (EEG) signals ...recorded in children/adolescents (11 to 14 years of age) with diagnosed schizophrenia-spectrum symptoms at the National Center for Psychiatric Health (NCPH) of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. The EEG signals for these subjects were compared with the signals for a control sample of chronically depressed children/adolescents. The purpose of the study is to look for diagnostic signs of subjects’ susceptibility to schizophrenia in the FNS parameters for specific electrodes and cross-correlations between the signals simultaneously measured at different points on the scalp. Our analysis of EEG signals from scalp-mounted electrodes at locations F3 and F4, which are symmetrically positioned in the left and right frontal areas of cerebral cortex, respectively, demonstrates an essential role of frequency–phase synchronization, a phenomenon representing specific correlations between the characteristic frequencies and phases of excitations in the brain. We introduce quantitative measures of frequency–phase synchronization and systematize the values of FNS parameters for the EEG data. The comparison of our results with the medical diagnoses for 84 subjects performed at NCPH makes it possible to group the EEG signals into 4 categories corresponding to different risk levels of subjects’ susceptibility to schizophrenia. We suggest that the introduced quantitative characteristics and classification of cross-correlations may be used for the diagnosis of schizophrenia at the early stages of its development.
► We identify a diagnostic sign of schizophrenia in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. ► We parameterize EEG signals for 84 children/adolescents and study cross-correlations. ► Frequency–phase synchronization (FPS) plays an essential role in neural activity. ► Deviation of the FPS level from norm can be used to identify pathological changes. ► We partition 84 subjects into 4 groups characterizing risk levels for schizophrenia.
Globalization, which presupposes the strengthening of multifactorial economic, social and other phenomena, needs strategic management, forecasting and foreseeing its impact on every spheres of public ...life without any exception. Unfortunately, the modern Russian strategic planning system appears to be unbalanced and ineffective; key indicators of the adopted and developed strategies are abstract in nature and are weakly correlated with the practical needs. This is clearly illustrated by the example of such an important branch of the economy as transport. Strategic air transport management in Russia in the context of the digital transformation of the economy, especially the practice of strategic planning and forecasting, has a number of bottlenecks and needs to be improved. A very vulnerable spot in modern strategic management is the occasional use of methods of strategic audit (control). This conclusion is confirmed by the analysis of the draft Transport Strategy for the period up to 2035, submitted for discussion and revision. It is not possible to solve this problem without scientific support and methods of strategizing approved by domestic and foreign practice.
Currently, most explored oil fields in Russia are at a late stage of development, and in order to maintain high levels of oil production, it is rational to put into operation fields with ...hard-to-recover reserves. For complicated oil fields, in particular fields with high-viscosity oil, the known traditional methods of development are ineffective. Therefore, the search for new technologies for the development and operation of such fields to significantly increase oil recovery and intensify production is of fundamental importance. One such method of heat treatment of the bottomhole formation zone is the use of heat and gas generating systems on site. In this work, new results were obtained on physical modeling of thermochemical reaction initiation with delayed-action catalyst (2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid) filtration tests on composite core models of sandstone and carbonate with foam heat generation and initiating additives of binary type. Using hydrodynamic modelling, the results of laboratory studies were reproduced, and the preliminary efficiency of the developed technology for thermochemical treatment of deposits in the Samara region (Russia) was evaluated.
Transfer Pricing In Emerging Markets Syromyatnikov, Denis; Dolgova, Mariya; Demin, Sergey
Montenegrin Journal of Economics,
01/2020, Volume:
16, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Purpose. The purpose of this article is to study the relevant areas of using transfer pricing as a corporate strategy, a model of commercial operations, and a mechanism for managing corporate ...finances. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is a set of proposed tools and models for researching corporate business operations. Along with a model for analyzing the economic operations of an integrated enterprise based on improving the structural and functional approach and quantitative and analytical tools for functions assets risks analysis. The quantitative and analytical tools for the qualitative assessment of business operations of integrated operating assets of developing countries as part of holding-type parent groups have also been improved. Approach. The methodological approach takes into account the general requirements of the legislation of developing countries on the example of the CIS countries. The article describes the results of the systematization of the main characteristics of the transfer and transfer pricing. The authors examine in detail the transfer pricing methods that are most often found in the tax laws of developing countries. On the example of the CUP-method, recommendations on the use of this method in various business operations are described in detail. Findings. The article describes the experience from real practice of applying a methodological approach to the analysis of corporate operations, used by leading world-class consulting companies. The results can be applied both in scientific research of issues related to transfer pricing and in the practice of preparing tax reporting of assets from developing countries.
The potential possibility of intergrowth of two bulk crystals to single crystal was demonstrated on the example of beryl, Be3Al2Si6O18, growing under hydrothermal conditions. The result has practical ...importance because it allows increase of the yield of useful product on a single growth cycle. The fine structure and composition of the area adjacent to the splicing boundary was investigated. It was demonstrated that the influence of the intergrowth border of two crystals spliced in parallel is entirely analogous to the affect of a twin boundary. This analogy extends as well on the specific morphology of the growth front generated by the boundary as on the growth velocity of the surfaces adjacent to the boundary that is increasing 3–10 times. In addition we show that the spliced crystals tend to align near single crystal orientation. The assumption on the nature of the driving forces of such impact was made. We also suggest assumptions about the nature of these orientational forces.
PDF
