The activation and proliferation of human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs) play a vital role in the fibrosis in the pathology of the scar formation after the glaucoma filtration surgery. Transforming ...growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)/Smads signaling has been reported to promote fibrosis. In our previous study, we revealed that TGFβ1‐induced orbital fibroblast activation and proliferation through Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. As microRNA (miR)‐139 could target several factors in Wnt signaling to modulate fibrosis, here, the effect and mechanism of miR‐139 in HTF activation and proliferation were investigated. miR‐139 overexpression significantly reversed the TGFβ1‐induced increase in collagen I and α‐smooth muscle actin contents and proliferation in HTFs. CTNNB1 and CTNND1 were direct downstream of miR‐139 and can significantly restore the suppressive effect of miR‐139 on the activation and proliferation in HTFs under TGFβ1 stimulation. Smad2/3/4 complex inhibits the transcription activity of miR‐139, most possibly by Smad4 binding to the miR‐139 promoter. Taken together, we demonstrated a new mechanism of HTF activation and proliferation from the perspective of miRNA regulation, which may provide new strategies for improving the fibrosis after the glaucoma filtration surgery.
We demonstrated a new mechanism of human Tenon's fibroblast activation and proliferation from the perspective of miRNA regulation, which may provide new strategies for improving the fibrosis after the glaucoma filtration surgery.
The first examples of electrochemical trifluoromethylation and sulfonylation/semipinacol rearrangements of allylic alcohols were developed using cheap and stable RSO2Na (R = CF3, Ph) as reagents. ...Various β-trifluoromethyl and sulfonated ketones were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. This strategy provides a facile, direct, and complementary approach to construct all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. In addition, the reaction has the advantages of being chemical oxidant-free and metal-free and has safe and mild reaction conditions.
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a promising technology to convert syngas derived from non-petroleum-based resources to valuable chemicals or fuels. Selectively producing target products will bring ...great economic benefits, but unfortunately it is theoretically limited by Anderson-Schulz-Flory (ASF) law. Herein, we synthesize size-uniformed cobalt nanocrystals embedded into mesoporous SiO
supports, which is likely the structure of water-melon seeds inside pulps. We successfully tune the selectivity of products from diesel-range hydrocarbons (66.2%) to gasoline-range hydrocarbons (62.4%) by controlling the crystallite sizes of confined cobalt from 7.2 to 11.4 nm, and modify the ASF law. Generally, larger Co crystallites increase carbon-chain growth, producing heavier hydrocarbons. But here, we interestingly observe a reverse phenomenon: the uniformly small-sized cobalt crystallites can strongly adsorb active C* species, and the confined structure will inhibit aggregation of cobalt crystallites and escape of reaction intermediates in FTS, inducing the higher selectivity towards heavier hydrocarbons.
The development of thermostable polyimides (PIs) is urgently required for application in traditional aerospace and newly designing flexible-display substrates. The root to obtain intrinsic ...heat-resistant PIs is to seek novel monomers. Based on the high bond energy of quinoxaline, several quinoxaline diamines, including 3/2-(4-aminophenyl)-2/3-quinoxalin-6-amine (QHDA), 3/2-(4-aminophenyl)-2/3-phenyl quinoxalin-6-amine (QBDA), and 3/2-(4-aminophenyl)-2/3-methylquinoxalin-6-amine (QMDA) were synthesized, and the corresponding PI films were prepared with four aromatic dianhydrides. The introduction of a quinoxaline moiety provided the PI films with excellent thermal properties and an advanced mechanical performance. The QHDA-PIs possessed a high thermal stability with a 5% mass-loss temperature (Td5%) of 528–560 °C, a glass-transition temperature (Tg) of 413–444 °C and a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 1 ppm/K for QHDA-m because of its better linearity and closer packing. This study established design rules to tune the properties of quinoxaline PIs by side-group modification.
Novel PI films with quinoxaline moiety exhibited advanced thermal properties and mechanical performance, which are promising potential for flexible display devices. Display omitted
•Three phenylquinoxaline diamines containing different side groups were synthesized.•The polyimide containing quinoxaline showed excellent comprehensive properties.•The properties of polyimide can be adjusted by the side groups of phenylquinoxaline.•The red polyimide film can be obtained using phenylquinoxaline monomer with methyl.
Aims
Microglia and infiltrated macrophages play important roles in inflammatory processes after ischemic stroke. Modulating microglia/macrophage polarization from pro‐inflammatory phenotype to ...anti‐inflammatory state has been suggested as a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Melatonin has been shown to be neuroprotective in experimental stroke models. However, the effect of melatonin on microglia polarization after stroke and underlying mechanisms remain unknown.
Methods
In vivo, cerebral ischemia was induced by distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) in C57BL/6J mice. Melatonin was injected intraperitoneally (20 mg/kg) at 0 and 24 hours after ischemia. In vitro, the microglial cell line BV2 was stimulated to the pro‐inflammatory state with conditioned media (CM) collected from oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) challenged neuronal cell line Neuro‐2a (N2a). Real‐time PCR was utilized to detect the mRNA expression of microglia phenotype markers. Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway was determined by Western blot of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3). A neuron‐microglia co‐culture system was used to determine whether melatonin can inhibit the neurotoxic effect of pro‐inflammatory microglia to post‐OGD neurons.
Results
Melatonin treatment reduced brain infarct and improved neurological functions 3 days after dMCAO, which was accompanied by decreased expression of pro‐inflammatory markers and increased expression of anti‐inflammatory markers in the ischemic brain. In vitro studies confirmed that melatonin directly inhibited the pro‐inflammatory responses in BV2 cells upon exposure to OGD neuron CM. The microglia possessing pro‐inflammatory phenotype exacerbated post‐OGD N2a cells death, whereas melatonin reduced such neurotoxic effect. Further, melatonin enhanced the otherwise inhibited pSTAT3 expression in BV2 cells treated with OGD neuron CM. STAT3 blockade significantly reduced the effect of melatonin on microglial phenotype shift. Conclusion: Melatonin treatment ameliorates brain damage at least partially through shifting microglia phenotype from pro‐inflammatory to anti‐inflammatory polarity in a STAT3‐dependent manner.
A phosphoric acid catalyzed electrophilic thiocyanation of 3-aryl indoles, which provides an efficient and modular approach to SCN-containing 3-aryl indole compounds, was developed for the first ...time. A variety of 2-SCN-3-aryl indoles were obtained with moderate to excellent yields. Furthermore, catalytic asymmetric manner of this reaction was also studied. Using chiral phosphoric acid as the catalyst, axially chiral SCN-containing 3-aryl indoles were obtained in moderate to good yields with moderate enantioselectivity.
Hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are effective ways to treat end-stage renal disease (ERSD). This study aimed to investigate the differences in survival and the factors that influence ...it in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with HD or PD.
We retrospectively analyzed factors related to all-cause death with renal replacement therapy and compared the long-term mortality between HD and PD strategies in patients with ESRD who started HD or PD treatment in our renal HD center between January 1, 2008, and December 1, 2021.
Overall, 1,319 patients were included, comprising 690 and 629 patients in the HD and PD groups, respectively, according to the inclusion criteria. After propensity matching, 922 patients remained, with 461 (50%) patients each in the two groups. There were no significant differences in the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year mortality rates between the HD and PD groups (all
> .05). However, the 5- and 10-year mortality rates of the matched patients were 15.8%. 17.6% in the HD group and 21.0%. 27.3% in the PD group, respectively. The 5- and 10-year mortality rates were significantly lower in the HD group (all
< .05) as compared to the PD group. After matching, Kaplan-Meier curve analysis with log-rank test was performed, which showed a significant difference in the survival rates between the two groups (
= .001). Logistic multifactor regression analysis revealed that age, weight, hypertension, serum creatinine, and combined neoplasms influenced the survival rate of patients with ESRD (
< .05). In contrast, age, hypertension, parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum creatinine, and peripheral vascular diseases (PVD) influenced the survival rate of patients in the HD group (
< .05), and age and weight influenced the survival rate of patients in the PD group (
< .05).
This study found that long-term mortality rates were higher in the PD group than that in the HD group, indicating that HD may be superior to PD.
When using off-axis digital image correlation (DIC) for non-contact, remote, and multipoint deflection monitoring of engineering structures, accurate calibration of the scale factor (SF), which ...converts image displacement to physical displacement for each measurement point, is critical to realize high-quality displacement measurement. In this work, based on the distortion-free pinhole imaging model, a generalized SF calibration model is proposed for an off-axis DIC-based video deflectometer. Then, the transversal relationship between the proposed SF calibration method and three commonly used SF calibration methods was discussed. The accuracy of these SF calibration methods was also compared using indoor rigid body translation experiments. It is proved that the proposed method can be degraded to one of the existing calibration methods in most cases, but will provide more accurate results under the following four conditions: (1) the camera's pitch angle is more than 20°, (2) the focal length is more than 25 mm, (3) the pixel size of the camera sensor is more than 5 um, and (4) the image y-coordinate corresponding to the measurement point after deformation is far from the image center.
In general, enantioselective C–H functionalization of N-monosubstituted anilines is a highly challenging task owing to the competitive chemoselective N–H bond insertion reactions. In this paper, we ...reported a direct highly chemo-, site-, and enantioselective para C–H aminoalkylation of N-monosubstituted aniline derivatives with isatin-derived ketimines in the presence of chiral phosphoric acids (CPAs) and offered a practical strategy for para asymmetric C–H functionalization of anilines containing N–H bonds.
A space-based bistatic radar system, typically composed of a satellite as transmitter and an aircraft as receiver, has a larger surveillance area, stronger resistance to damage, and more superior ...early warning capability for high-speed targets when compared with monostatic radar system. However, the echo signal is more challenging to process because of the high speed of both receiver and transmitter. There are two main problems to be solved in space-based bistatic radar signal processing: constructing geometric model in line with the actual situation to derive the echo signal model and improving detection ability on the basis of the longtime coherent integration algorithm. This article addresses the problem of space-based bistatic radar echo signal modeling and coherent integration for detecting high-speed maneuvering targets. A novel algorithm based on generalized second-order keystone transform and modified product cubic phase function (GSKT-MPCPF) is proposed. First, the bistatic radar system model is constructed and the signal scattered from the moving target is derived. Aiming at seeking a general algorithm which is suitable for space-based bistatic radar system, the GSKT-MPCPF is presented to correct the linear range migration (LRM), the quadratic range migration (QRM), and the Doppler frequency migration (DFM), and estimate the motion parameters of targets simultaneously. The simulations of mono-target and multitargets validate the proposed method. Furthermore, we perform comparisons with several relative algorithms and results show that the proposed algorithm has superior performance.
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