Objective: With the continuing increase of the aged population, neurosurgeons face increasing numbers of chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) patients using antithrombotic (AT) drugs, i.e., ...anticoagulants (ACs) and antiplatelets (APs). However, there are few case reports that address this cohort and their outcomes. Here, a retrospective analysis of CSDH patients on AT therapies was performed to investigate their clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, and postoperative recurrence.
Methods: We analysed 546 CSDH patients who underwent surgery at the Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu province from January 2014 to December 2017. The patients were divided into groups based on their history of preceding AT treatments as well as recurrence. The clinical data, surgical outcomes, and recurrence were collected for further analysis.
Results: A total of 124 patients (22.7%) were receiving AT therapy, including 43 patients (7.9%) taking ACs and 81 patients (14.8%) taking APs. AT cohorts exhibited significantly higher non-traumatic CSDH, more serious pre-illness status, and larger haematoma volume, compared with the control patients. The haematoma clearance rate, duration of YL-1 needle, complications, and functional outcomes did not differ after novel YL-1 needle drainage, whereas a higher recurrence, mortality, and prolonged length of stay were observed in the AT group. Multivariate regression of postoperative recurrence within 3 months revealed that preoperative consciousness disorders, AC therapy, haematoma volume, and operative complications were significant predictive factors of CSDH recurrence. However, AP therapy was not associated with recurrence.
Conclusions: The use of ATs causes large haematoma volumes that aggravate the severity in CSDH patients and is more prevalent among non-traumatic patients. AC therapy was a risk factor for CSDH recurrence, whereas AP therapy was not.
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•This report is the first application of MgFe2O4 flexible fibers on Pb(II) adsorption.•The fibers did not agglomerate, and so, adsorption performance could be maximized.•The maximum ...adsorption capacity was highest among MgFe2O4 Pb(II) adsorbents.•The MgFe2O4 fibers were flexible and super hydrophilic.•The MgFe2O4 fibers were magnetic and could be separated magnetically.
Flexible MgFe2O4 magnetic fibers were originally prepared by four spinning solutions using electrospinning technology together with sol–gel method, and applied to Pb(II) adsorption for the first time. The prepared MgFe2O4 fibers were flexible, super hydrophilic; and could be curled and folded at will. Maximum adsorption capacities of MgFe2O4 fibers prepared from the spinning solutions with CTAB contents of 0%, 4% and 8% for Pb(II) were 263.27, 276.87 and 283.13 mg/g, respectively. Among the MgFe2O4 based adsorbents, the flexible MgFe2O4 fibers prepared in this work exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for Pb(II). This indicated that the flexible fiber adsorbents were self-supporting in aqueous solutions without agglomeration, therefore fully exerting their adsorption active sites; and so, improve their adsorption capacities for pollutants. The saturation magnetizations of MgFe2O4 fibers prepared from 0%, 4% and 8% CTAB content spinning solutions were 6.7, 10.6, and 14.0 emu/g, respectively. After adsorption, the adsorbents could be quickly separated from the aqueous solutions by magnetic separation. Flexible fibers provide a new direction in avoiding agglomeration to maximize the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent.
Phosphate removal is an essential measure in controlling the eutrophication of water. In this work, the electrospinning mesoporous zirconia fibers with high surface area were prepared and used as ...adsorbents to remove phosphate in aqueous solutions for the first time. The electrospinning mesoporous zirconia fibers which had large surface area and uniform pore size were prepared by the use of ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) and triblock co-polymer Pluronic (P-123) as dual surfactants. The morphology and composite were represented by XRD, TGA/DTA, FT-IR, SEM, and TEM. The specific surface area and pore properties of fibers were investigated by nitrogen adsorption-desorption method. These mesoporous zirconia fibers performed an outstanding phosphate adsorption ability whose maximum adsorption capacity could reach 222.79 mg/g, meanwhile, a nice cycle performance was also observed as the removal rate could remain 92.5% after 5 cycles on the initial concentration of 30 mg/L. The Freundlich model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model were both fitted with the adsorption data properly. Besides, the fibers also performed a nice ability in anti-interference against the changes of solution pH value and co-existing ions. Thus, the prepared mesoporous zirconia fibers would be a potential adsorbent of phosphate removal process under the conditions of actual wastewater treatment, with the advantages of the excellent adsorption efficiency, low in production cost, high repeatable utilization and environment friendly.
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke with the high mortality twofold to sixfold higher than that for ischemic stroke. But the treatment of haematomas within the ...basal ganglia continues to be a matter of debate among neurologists and neurosurgeons. The purpose of this study is to judge the clinical value of minimally invasive stereotactic puncture therapy (MISPT) on acute ICH.
A prospective controlled study was undertaken. The clinical trial was in compliance with the WMA Declaration of Helsinki-Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. According to the enrollment criterion, there were 168 acute ICH cases analyzed, of which 90 cases were performed by MISPT (MISPT group, MG) and 78 cases by Conventional craniotomy (CC group, CG), by means of compare of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, postoperative complications (PC) and rebleeding incidence (RI), moreover, long-term outcome of 1 year postoperation judged by Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), Barthel Index (BI), modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and case fatality(CF).
MG patients showed obvious amelioration in GCS score compared with that of CG. The total incidence of PC in MG decreased obviously compared with that of CG. The incidences of rebleeding in MG and CG were 10.0% and 15.4% respectively. There was no obvious difference between CFs of MG and CG. For three parameters representing long-term outcome, the GOS, BI and mRS in MG were ameliorated significantly than that of CG.
These data suggested that the advantage of MISPT was displayed in minute trauma and safety, and seemed to be feasible and to had a trend towards improved long-term outcome.
The Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), the registration number: ACTRN12610000945022.
Interferons (IFNs) have potent anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory activities against cancer. However, the clinical utility of IFNs is limited by toxicity and pharmacokinetics ...making it difficult to achieve sustained therapeutic levels especially in solid tumors.
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1) or a modified STAT1 (designated STAT1-CC) that is hyper-responsive to IFN were overexpressed in lung cancer SPC-A-1 and H1299 cells using lentiviral vectors. Transduction efficiency was monitored using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression. After transduction, cells were treated with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) or interferon-beta (IFN-β) and monitored for cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness using Cell Counting Kit-8 and transwell chamber assays and for apoptosis using Annexin V detection by flow cytometry. In addition, levels of STAT1, STAT1 Tyr-701 phosphorylation (pSTAT1), fibronectin, and β-catenin were determined using western blotting. In the case of IFN-γ stimulation, levels of S100A4, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and c-fos expression were also determined.
We found that expression of STAT1 or STAT1-CC enhanced the effect of IFN-γ and, IFN-β on inhibition of human lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness. Moreover, STAT1 and STAT1-CC expression caused increases in pSTAT1 and decreases in fibronectin and β-catenin levels. STAT1-CC showed increased effects compared to STAT1 on IFN-γ induced pSTAT1 and down-regulation of S100A4, PCNA, and c-fos levels.
The results show that STAT1-CC exhibited more strength in improving the antitumor response of IFNs in lung cancer cells. Results from this study suggest that combined treatment of IFNs and STAT1-CC might be a feasible approach for the clinical management of lung cancer in the future.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) constitutes 10% to 15% of all strokes and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. To date, little is known about the role of AQP4 (Aquaporin-4), which is ...abundantly expressed in pericapillary astrocyte foot processes and in edema formation after intracerebral hemorrhage. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of AQP4 in edema formation after ICH by using AQP4
−/− mice.
ICH was induced by microinjecting 5
µl autologous whole blood into the striatum of AQP4
+/+ and AQP4
−/− mice. We compared neurological deficits, brain edema contents of whole hemorrhagic ipsilateral hemisphere, specific gravity of brain tissue surrounding hematoma, Evans blue leakage and ultrastructure of brain microvessels between AQP4
+/+ and AQP4
−/− mice following ICH. Histological changes were also detected with Nissl's staining and TUNEL staining.
Our experiments showed a significant increase of AQP4 expression following ICH in AQP4
+/+ mice. AQP4 deletion aggravated neurological deficits and brain edema contents of whole hemorrhagic ipsilateral hemisphere. Besides, it also reduced the specific gravity of brain tissue surrounding hematoma. Moreover, it enhanced Evans blue leakage and ultrastructure of brain microvessel damage. Histology also showed less Nissl's staining and more TUNEL staining in AQP4
−/− mice following ICH.
These results suggest that AQP4 deletion increases ICH damage, including edema formation, blood–brain barrier damage and neuronal death/TUNEL-positive cells. Further studies on the protective role of activated AQP4 expression following ICH may provide useful therapeutic target for ICH-induced brain injury.
The Guadalupian Epoch is marked by the formation of the Pangean supercontinent, global sea-level change, rifting and drifting of the Cimmerian continents, formation of large igneous provinces and ...dramatic biotic changes. A high-resolution biostratigraphic, chemostratigraphic and high-precision geochronologic framework of this critical transition is fundamental to understanding these events. Extensive studies of the latest Cisuralian and Guadalupian Series in both South China and North America reveal the same conodont lineages, but the conodont interval zones based on Jinogondolella within the Guadalupian Series are slightly diachronous. High-precision U-Pb geochronological studies (CA-ID-TIMS method) calibrate the base of the Guadalupian Series (base Roadian) at 273.01 ± 0.14 Ma. A previously reported age from an ash bed overlying the Emeishan flood basalts, 259.51 ± 0.21 Ma, is adopted for the Guadalupian/Lopingian boundary (GLB). Based on recently published geochronology and Bayesian age modeling from the Guadalupian Series, the base of the Capitanian is constrained at 264.28 ± 0.16 Ma and the base of the Wordian is interpolated to be 266.9 ± 0.4 Ma. The Illawarra Reversal is of early-middle Wordian age. Both North America and South China possess a distinct negative δ13Ccarb excursion of 3-5‰ at the latest Kungurian and early Roadian (LK-ER CIE), which coincides with the early stages of a significant 3rd order sea-level rise. The large end-Guadalupian δ13Ccarb negative excursion may have been affected by post-depositional diagenesis or a warming event associated with the Emeishan volcanism. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios in both regions declined from the latest Kungurian to the late Capitanian, but have different ratios and reveal several fluctuations in the middle Guadalupian. Measured δ18Oapatite values suggest that the Delaware Basin was 3-4°C cooler than the eastern Yangtze Block. Analysis of a new high-resolution database of marine taxa indicates only a minor pre-Lopingian diversity drop from 261.04 Ma to 259.98 Ma, which coincides with the peak Emeishan volcanism. The widely-perceived “end-Guadalupian mass extinction” in North America is evidently masked by, and possibly an artefact of, a stratigraphic truncation effect due to rapid lithofacies changes from limestone to laminated evaporites with the closure of the west Texas basins.
Zero thermal expansion (ZTE) materials have great application prospects benefited by the inhibition of thermal shock and dimensional mismatch. Herein, a novel self-compounded Fe1-xCoxS composite was ...obtained by a simple low-temperature annealing method. The second non-stoichiometric phase with a few cation vacancies from the thermal annealing is key to optimizing the thermal expansion behavior. The negative thermal expansion (NTE) region of one phase overlaps the positive thermal expansion (PTE) region of another phase to achieve low expansion in the wide temperature zone. As a result, the obtained Fe0.94Co0.06S sample displays near ZTE covering a wide temperature range (αL = 1.9 ppm/K, ΔT = 176 K) by annealing. Furthermore, the synergistic effect from the self-compounded composite can effectively avoid thermal mismatch compared to the traditional composites with matrix and filler. This study provides a new strategy for regulating the thermal expansion of transition metal chalcogenide materials.
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A flat nanocomposite plate was fabricated by using the surface-modified Fe nanoparticles (NPs) as the microwave absorbent, carbon fibers (CFs) as the reinforced phase and epoxy resin (ER) as the ...matrix. Fe NPs were synthesised by an arc discharge plasma method and subsequently modified by silane coupling agent (KH-550) to improve its dispersion in the organic matrix of ER. To measure the realistic microwave absorption properties of such a flat nanocomposite plate, a series of square plates (20×20cm2) was made from recombining the modified Fe NPs (20wt.%, 30wt.% and 40wt.%) into the ER matrix with/without orientated CFs inside. It was observed that the orientation of CFs plays an important role in the microwave absorption, in particular through a strong reflection of microwave inwardly as the CFs’ array is vertical to the direction of incident microwave. The inner strong reflection of microwave by CFs can bring great probabilities to further consume it by Fe NPs absorbent and result in improved microwave absorption performance of the nanocomposite plate. It is indicated that the plate containing 30wt.% of Fe NPs with a perpendicular manner between the directions of CFs array and incident microwave exhibits higher reflection loss (RL) of −16.2dB at 6.1GHz frequency, and this plate has 77.78MPa flexural strength at 3.74% deformation. Excellent RL property is ascribed to an optimum structure of nanocomposite plate with favorable multi-reflection of microwave inside, structural resonance, appropriate conductivity, impedance match, interface polarization.
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