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•Properties of FHP and SHP was comparatively investigated.•A comprehensive exploration on rheological properties has been performed.•FHP exhibited more elastic characteristics, while ...its DE and Mw were both lower.
To investigate the characteristics of the pectins from fermented and steeped hawthorn wine pomace (FHP and SHP), they were acid-extracted, respectively, and compared detailedly. The results of esterification degree indicated that these two pectins were both defined as high methoxyl pectin, which was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Molecular weight of SHP was higher than that of FHP. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the melt temperature of SHP was lower than that of FHP, and the molecular arrangement of SHP is more orderly than FHP. FHP and SHP solutions exhibited shear-thinning properties but SHP had a stronger anti-shear ability. FHP tended to be more elastic-solid as the concentration increased, which was not prominent in SHP. This study suggested that FHP and SHP powder could be new sources of pectin and both pectins could be potentially used as a thicker and stabilizer in food processing.
This research was to explore the distribution and some molecular characterization of arabinoxylan in wheat beer (B), beer foam (BF) and defoamed beer (DB) because of the crucial influences of ...arabinoxylan on wheat beer and its foam. The purified arabinoxylan from B, BF, and DB were fractionated by ethanol of 50%, 67%, 75%, and 80%. The monosaccharide composition, substitution degree (Ara/Xyl ratio, A/X), and average degrees of polymerization (avDP) of arabinoxylan were investigated. Molecular weight and microstructure were also involved in this study by GPC-LLS and SEM, respectively. Under the same ethanol concentration, the arabinoxylan content in the BF was higher than the other two, respectively, and it was precipitated in BF fraction with 50% ethanol which accounted for 80.84% of the total polysaccharides. Meanwhile, the greatest substitution degree (A/X) and highest value of avDP of the arabinoxylan was found in all beer foam fractions regardless of the concentration of ethanol used. The average degrees of polymerization (avDP) of arabinoxylan displayed a significant difference (
< 0.05) among B, BF, and DB. Furthermore, arabinoxylan presented varied microstructure with irregular lamellas and spherical structures and the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of arabinoxylan showed the lowest values in BF, while the largest values were shown in DB. Therefore, arabinoxylan was more accumulated in beer foam, especially in 50% ethanol, characterised by greater value of A/X and avDP, as well as lower Mw. It was suggested that the arabinoxylan played important roles in maintaining wheat beer foam characteristics.
Hawthorn wine is rich in anthocyanins, polyphenols, flavonoids and other macromolecular substances, which results in difficulty to rapidly determine organic acids in the wine. An enzymatic method is ...accurate but expensive and not able to quantify all of the organic acids simultaneously. Therefore, in this study, two HPLC methods were applied to quantify the organic acids in the wine with the enzymatic method as a reference. Seven organic acids were found with the enzymatic method including citric, succinic, l-malic, acetic, lactic, pyruvic, and fumaric acids, in which citric and succinic acid accounted for more than 80% of the total acids. By an 87H column equipped with DAD (diode array) detector at 215 nm (HPLC method 1), only citric and lactic acids were quantified accurately and the elution period was shortened from 100 min to 20 min by removing the impurity in the sample with a LC-18 SPE(solid-phase extraction) tube. While citric, succinic, l-malic, acetic, pyruvic, and fumaric acids were quantified reliably by a dC18 column equipped with DAD detector at 210 nm (HPLC method 2), with the sample requires only dilution and filtration before injection. It was suggested that HPLC method 2 was an effective method to quantify the organic acids in hawthorn wine. The method provides a choice for accurate quantification of organic acids in hawthorn wine or other drinks, and would be helpful for controlling the quality of hawthorn wine.
BiFeO3 (BFO) grains prepared by molten salt method were fabricated in paraffin wax based composite structure to evaluate electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and electromagnetic (EM) ...absorption in 2–18 GHz. In the composites, BFO750 paraffin wax composite exhibits excellent EMI shielding and EM absorption performance. The EMI shielding effectiveness of BFO750 paraffin wax composite surpasses 10 dB, and its reflection loss shows three absorption peaks which reach −17 dB. The absorption efficiency and attenuation constant are close to 80% and 70, respectively. The results demonstrate that absorption attenuation is the dominant mechanism of EMI shielding and EM absorption. This is attributed to multiple dielectric and magnetic relaxations, where electric and magnetic dipoles coexisting in the composite can respond intensively to electromagnetic wave in the frequency range and thus cause high electromagnetic loss. The work highlights BFO composites as promising multifunctional materials in electromagnetic wave protection fields.
Abstract
To explore the safety and effectiveness of ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy (UHLL) and ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy (UPL) in the treatment of impacted ureteral calculi (IUC).
...Clinical data of 280 patients in our hospital from April 2016 to May 2019 were retrospectively collected and analyzed, including 136 cases of UHLL group and 144 cases of UPL group. The general clinical data, operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, hospital stay, stone-free rate (SFR), and surgical complications were collected and analyzed in 2 group.
Compared with UPL group, the operation time of UHLL group was significantly reduced (27.25 ± 8.39 vs 34.32 ± 10.57,
P
< .05), but the hospitalization cost was significantly increased (9.25 ± 0.75 vs 8.24 ± 0.51,
P
< .05). In terms of total SFR, the UHLL group was significantly higher than the UPL group (93.38% vs 83.33%,
P
= .011). For proximal IUC, compared with the UPL group, the SFR of the UHLL group was significantly increased (88.33% vs 70.31%,
P
= 0.005). For distal IUC, there was no significant difference in SFR (97.37% vs 93.75%,
P
= .638) between the UHLL group and UPL group. There were no significant differences in the complications of local mucosal injury, hematuria, febrile urinary tract infection, ureteral perforation, and urinary sepsis in the 2 groups (
P
> .05). However, the UHLL group was significantly lower in stone residual rate than the UPL group (6.61% vs 16.67%,
P
= .001).
This study found that UHLL and UPL are safe and effective in the treatment of IUC, but UHLL has the advantages of shorter operation time and high SFR in the treatment of IUC.
A supply and demand balance control method for an electrical submersible linear motor utilised in offshore oil exploitation is proposed in this study. The permanent magnet linear motor is replaced by ...an electrical submersible linear motor based on switched reluctance linear motor. The sensorless control method further enhances the stability of the oil exploitation system. Meanwhile, a supply and demand balance control method is proposed to maintain the fullness of the submersible plunger pump within an ideal range. An established speed function allows the speed of the electrical submersible linear motor to dynamically alter in response to the change in oil deliverability and increasing the system's production. Additionally, maintaining the fullness of the submersible plunger pump within the ideal range helps simplify the model and increase computation accuracy. Finally, the supply and demand balance control method is validated and compared with the intermittent oil exploitation control method by simulations and experiments. Results from the simulations and experiments indicate that the proposed method can increase the production of the offshore oil exploitation system in addition to causing the motor to follow changes in oil deliverability and adjust the speed.
(1) An electrical submersible linear motor based on the switched reluctance linear motor design is adopted instead of the permanent magnet linear motor. This solves the problem that permanent magnets are extremely vulnerable in harsh working environments such as offshore oil exploitation. (2) An oil exploitation system model considering the change of motor characteristic parameters is established. (3) The intermittent oil exploitation control method is introduced, and the supply and demand balance control method is proposed to improve the production of the offshore oil exploitation system.
The development of natural and biodegradable polymer nanoparticles as Pickering emulsion stabilizers has attracted increasing interest. In this study, antioxidative pectin from hawthorn wine pomace ...(HP) was first produced. HP and zein-nanoparticles (ZPs) were used to fabricate zein-HP composite nanoparticles (ZHPs) via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. The ZHP composite at the HP-ZP ratio of 1:1 (w/w) exhibited near-neutral wettability (92.9o ± 1.01), thereby being used for stabilizing Pickering emulsion (ZHPEs). CLSM and cryo-SEM showed the anchoring of ZHPs onto the surface of oil droplets and the gel-like network structure in the continuous-phase. ZHPEs at 0.5–0.7 (v/v) oil fractions were pseudoplastic fluids with elastic-solid characteristics. ZHPEs with 0.6 and 0.7 (v/v) oil fractions showed excellent thermal stability 20–60 °C. The antioxidant capacity of HP helped protect the Pickering emulsion against its lipid oxidation. Therefore, antioxidative polysaccharides could stabilize Pickering emulsions as particle shell-materials while offering protection on lipid components against oxidation. This study has demonstrated the sustainable utilization of food waste for producing value-added products.
•A novel pectin was utilized as the shell- material of Pickering colloidal particles.•Pectin with antioxidant activity provides additional lipid protection.•The effect of oil fraction on Pickering emulsion was evaluated by LF-NMR.•The behavior of oil-water interface was fully demonstrated by CLSM and cryo-SEM.
This study proposes an integrated non‐linear modelling method for an electromechanical actuation system directly driven by the switched reluctance motor (SDEMA). The mathematical model of the SDEMA ...system is established by energy analysis and calculation according to the proposed method, which omits the complex analysis of force or torque transmission in the cascade modelling method. By using the Lagrange–Maxwell equation and establishing the energy models of non‐linear factors that include the friction, backlash, and flexibility, both the electromechanical coupling effects and the non‐linear factors of the SDEMA system are considered simultaneously in the proposed method. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, three modelling methods of the SDEMA system are comparatively studied through the simulations and experiments. The results of the simulations and experiments indicate that the proposed integrative non‐linear model can reflect the dynamic performance of the SDEMA system more accurately.
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