This paper proposes a noninvasive dual optical photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor to classify the degree of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) stenosis in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Dual PPG measurement ...node (DPMN) becomes the primary tool in this work for detecting abnormal narrowing vessel simultaneously in multi-beds monitoring patients. The mean and variance of Rising Slope (RS) and Falling Slope (FS) values between before and after HD treatment was used as the major features to classify AVF stenosis. Multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLPN) training algorithms are implemented for this analysis, which are the Levenberg-Marquardt, Scaled Conjugate Gradient, and Resilient Back-propagation, to identify the degree of HD patient stenosis. Eleven patients were recruited with mean age of 77 ± 10.8 years for analysis. The experimental results indicated that the variance of RS in the HD hand between before and after treatment was significant difference statistically to stenosis (
< 0.05). Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA) was significantly outperforms the other training algorithm. The classification accuracy and precision reached 94.82% and 92.22% respectively, thus this technique has a potential contribution to the early identification of stenosis for a medical diagnostic support system.
As an emerging material, nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention due to their small size, surface effect and quantum tunneling effect, as well as potential applications in traditional ...materials, medical devices, electronic devices, coatings and other industries. Herein, the influence of nanoparticle selection, production process, grain size, and grain boundary structures on the mechanical properties of nanomaterials is introduced. The current research progress and application range of nano-materials are presented. The unique properties of nano-materials make them superior over traditional materials. Therefore, nanomaterials will have a broader application prospect in the future. Research on nanomaterials is significant for the development and application of materials science.
A
bstract
By expanding the reduced Pfaffian in the tree level Cachazo-He-Yuan (CHY) integrands for Yang-Mills (YM) and nonlinear sigma model (NLSM), we can get the Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) ...numerators in Del Duca-Dixon-Maltoni (DDM) form for arbitrary number of particles in any spacetime dimensions. In this work, we give a set of very straightforward graphic rules based on spanning trees for a direct evaluation of the BCJ numerators for YM and NLSM. Such rules can be derived from the Laplace expansion of the corresponding reduced Pfaffian. For YM, the each one of the (
n
− 2)! DDM form BCJ numerators contains exactly (
n
− 1)! terms, corresponding to the increasing trees with respect to the color order. For NLSM, the number of nonzero numerators is at most (
n
− 2)! − (
n
− 3)!, less than those of several previous constructions.
A
bstract
In this paper, we investigate the expansion of tree level multitrace Einstein-Yang-Mills (EYM) amplitudes. First, we propose two types of recursive expansions of tree level EYM amplitudes ...with an arbitrary number of gluons, gravitons and traces by those amplitudes with fewer traces or/and gravitons. Then we give many support evidence, including proofs using the Cachazo-He-Yuan (CHY) formula and Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten (BCFW) recursive relation. As a byproduct, two types of generalized BCJ relations for multitrace EYM are further proposed, which will be useful in the BCFW proof. After one applies the recursive expansions repeatedly, any multitrace EYM amplitudes can be given in the Kleiss-Kuijf (KK) basis of tree level color ordered Yang-Mills (YM) amplitudes. Thus the Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) numerators, as the expansion coefficients, for all multitrace EYM amplitudes are naturally constructed.
Background and aim: Capsule retention is the most common adverse event associated with video capsule endoscopy. The use of double-balloon enteroscopy-assisted capsule endoscope retrieval has been ...increasingly reported in recent years. However, evidence is limited regarding its success rate, associated factors, and subsequent clinical outcomes.
Methods: A systematic review of relevant studies published before January 2019 was performed. Successful retrieval rate and associated factors, rate of endoscopic balloon dilation, and outcomes after double-balloon enteroscopy were summarized and pooled.
Results: Within 154 associated original articles, 12 including 150 cases of capsule retrieval by double-balloon enteroscopy were included. The estimated pooled successful retrieval rate was 86.5% (95% confidence interval, 75.6-95.1%). Anterograde approach and capsules retained in the jejunum or trapped by malignant strictures were associated with a higher successful retrieval rate than the retrograde approach (62/83 74.7% vs. 10/38 26.3%, p < .001) and capsules retained in the ileum (41/41 100.0% vs. 43/58 74.1%, p < .001) or trapped by benign strictures (21/21 100.0% vs. 65/83 78.3%, p = .043). Endoscopic balloon dilation was performed in 38.8% (95% confidence interval, 22.3-56.3%) of patients with benign strictures. Two perforations (1.3%) were reported as severe adverse events after double-balloon enteroscopy. A significantly lower surgery rate was found among cases with successful video capsule removal compared with unsuccessful cases (7.2% vs. 38.5%, p = .002).
Conclusions: Double-balloon enteroscopy is feasible and safe for removing retained video capsule endoscopes, and its use could decrease the need for surgery in patients with benign strictures and facilitate subsequent surgery in patients with malignant strictures.
In the discussion on advertising effect, the self-reference effect and argument quality are regarded as the factors affecting consumption judgment. This research aims to discuss the advertising ...effect of advertising design and the environment-protecting emotion of graphic configuration of self-reference and argument quality, as well as their effect on advertising effect. With the use of the quasi-experimental research method, this research adopts the Between Subject Factorial Design of advertising design (with self-reference and strong arguments, with self-reference and weak arguments, with no self-reference and strong arguments, and with no self-reference and weak arguments), and environment-protecting emotion (positive and negative) is adopted, with a total of 4 experimental situations, in order to manipulate the variables and measure the advertising effect. The results find that the advertising design with self-reference and strong argument has the best advertising effect; positive moral emotion and social emotion have better advertising effect; and under the action of emotion, the subjects’ preference for advertising design will also change. This research is helpful to establish and optimize the green advertising design to understand the relationship between factors affecting the advertising effect and the benefits of green marketing.
Supported Pd nanowire and cuboctahedron catalysts have been synthesized in an ethylene glycol–poly(vinylpyrrolidone)–KBr system using a precipitation–reduction method. KBr plays a critical role in ...controlling the morphology of Pd: with a variety of relatively low KBr concentrations, Pd nanowires with different lengths were obtained, but after adding sufficient KBr, shape evolution from nanowires to cuboctahedrons was observed. HRTEM images showed that the twisted Pd nanowires were actually composed of primary cuboctahedrons. Furthermore, lattice distortion was observed at interfacial regions, and the number of crystal boundaries increased with increasing length of the nanowires. The catalytic performance of the Pd materials was investigated in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene. The activities of the Pd nanowire catalysts were significantly higher than those of the cuboctahedron catalyst and gradually increased with the increasing number of crystal boundaries, indicating that the defect sites at crystal boundaries are more active owing to the exposure of larger numbers of Pd atoms. However, higher activity resulted in excessive hydrogenation and a decrease in ethylene selectivity. Therefore, the Pd cuboctahedron catalyst possessed higher selectivity. The relationship between crystal boundaries and catalytic performance was quantified, and the catalytic activity was found to increase linearly with an increasing number of crystal boundaries, whereas the trend in the selectivity was the reverse.
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