Lithium is one of the important strategic energy metals, which is in short supply in China. There are three major types of lithium deposits: brine and salt lake type, highly differentiated granite or ...pegmatite type, and carbonate-clay type. In recent years, some new types of lithium deposits have also begun to receive great attention and subject recent research. There are many crypto-explosive breccia pipe type deposits in the world, including copper, gold, lead, zinc, tungsten and tin deposits, but little is known about this type of lithium deposit. This paper introduces the latest research results of the Weilasituo Sn−Li−Rb polymetallic deposit in Inner Mongolia (NE China), which occurs in the middle-southern section of the Great Xing’an Range metallogenic belt. A remarkable feature of this deposit is the coexistence of various mineralization types, including granite type Rb and Sn−Zn, hydrothermal crypto-explosive breccia pipe type Li−Rb, quartz vein type Sn−Zn and sulfide vein type Pb−Zn−Ag mineralization. Among them, hydrothermal crypto-explosive breccia pipe type Li-Rb deposit is currently very rare at home and abroad, which is likely a new type of rare metal deposit that worthy of our attention. This paper systematically summarizes the geology, alteration and mineralization, geochemistry, isotopes and geochronology of the Weilasituo deposit, and establishes a new petrogenic and metallogenic model.
To date, there are no definitive biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis. The detection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alpha (α)-synuclein in PD patients has yielded promising but ...inconclusive results. To determine the performance of CSF α-synuclein as a diagnostic biomarker of PD and whether CSF α-synuclein can discriminate PD from other neurodegenerative diseases, a systematic search of all relevant studies investigating reproducible CSF α-synuclein quantification methods was conducted in electronic databases. A total of 17 studies that included 3311 patients were included in this systemic review and meta-analysis. The mean CSF α-synuclein concentration was significantly lower in PD patients compared to normal/neurological controls weighted mean difference (WMD) −0.31; 95% CI, −0.45, −0.16; p < 0.0001 and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) WMD −0.15; 95% CI, −0.26, −0.04; p < 0.0001. There was no significant difference between PD patients and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients WMD −0.03; 95% CI, −0.16, 0.09; p = 0.58 or patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) WMD 0.05; 95% CI, −0.04, 0.13; p = 0.25. Sensitivity and specificity of CSF α-synuclein in the diagnosis of PD was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.91) and 0.40 (95% CI, 0.35-0.45), respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratios of CSF α-synuclein in the diagnosis of PD were 1.41 (95% CI, 1.24-1.60), and 0.29 (95% CI, 0.15-0.56), respectively. The corresponding summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.73. The concentration of CSF α-synuclein may be a biomarker for the diagnosis of PD. The use of α-synuclein alone however is not sufficient as a single biomarker and it must therefore be used in conjunction with other documented and reliable biomarkers.
Approximately 75% of Chinese hypertensive patients have elevated homocysteine (Hcy). Its implication in risk assessment and prevention of the first stroke remains an important clinical and public ...health question.
This study was based on a community cohort recruited from 2016 to 2018 in the rural China. To maximize cost efficiency, we used a nested case-control design, including 3,533 first stroke cases and 3,533 controls matched for age ±1 years, sex, and village. Individual associations of tHcy and traditional risk factors with the first stroke were examined, and their population-attributable risks (PARs) were estimated.
There was a significant dose-response association between first stroke and total Hcy (tHcy) levels, with adjusted odds ratios of 1.11 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.26) for tHcy 10-15 μmol/L and 1.44 (1.22, 1.69) for tHcy ≥ 15 μmol/L, all compared to tHcy < 10 μmol/L. A similar trend was found for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. tHcy and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were independently and additively associated with the risk of first stroke (tHcy: 1.06 1.02, 1.1; SBP: 1.13 1.1, 1.16;
-interaction, 0.889). Among the ten main risk factors examined, the top two contributors to the first stroke were SBP and tHcy, with PARs of 25.73 and 11.24%, respectively.
Elevated tHcy is the second most important contributor and acts additively with SBP to increase the risk of the first stroke. This finding underscores the importance of screening and treating elevated tHcy along with traditional risk factors to further reduce the burden of the first stroke in the high-risk populations.
Abundant tourmaline occurs in the Mopanshan pluton in Inner Mongolia of NE China, and can be classified by its occurrence into four types: nodular tourmalines (ND type), pegmatite-pocket tourmalines ...(PP type), stockwork tourmalines (SW type) and vein tourmalines (VT type). All these tourmalines belong to the alkali group and are dravite-schorl. Petrography and major elements data suggest that the ND- and PP-type tourmalines crystallized during the transition from late-magmatic to early-hydrothermal evolution of granite with all the components derived from the magma. Petrography and trace elements (especially Sr、V、Cr、Ni、Ti) data suggest that the SW- and VT-type tourmalines may form by the mixing of magmatic and country rocks components in the post-magmatic hydrothermal environment. Due to the similar δ11B of the SW-type with the ND- and PP-type tourmalines (variation <2‰, and all averaged at −15.8‰), the boron source of the SW-type tourmalines is likely the same as the ND- and PP-type ones, i.e., from the granitic magma. The VT-type tourmalines have extremely negative δ11B values from −27.0‰ to −29.8‰, indicating a distinct and isotopically lighter boron source. The potential presence of non-marine evaporites (with very light boron isotopes) in the meta-sedimentary strata deep in the region may contribute boron to the VT-type tourmalines. The high Sn contents in the tourmalines, in particular the SW-type (918–2172 ppm) may have prospecting significance to target tin mineralization related to granite in the region.
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•Four types of tourmaline occurrences are associated with the Mopanshan pluton.•The tourmalines formed from late-magmatic or post-magmatic hydrothermal fluids.•The Mopanshan tourmalines have high Sn contents up to 2172 ppm.•The tourmalines source their B from two isotopically distinct sources.
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•Five types of sphalerite in the Weilasituo Sn-Li-Rb-Cu-Zn polymetallic deposit.•High Sn content in sphalerite can be used as prospecting indicators for tin mineralization.•Sphalerite ...has high content of indium and cadmium which can be used as associated by-product.•The majority of ore metals and ore-forming fluids are derived from granitic magma at depth.•Host rock such as biotite-plagioclase gneiss also contributes some materials like Fe to the ore formation.
Weilasituo ore field is located in the southern part of Great Xing’an Range, Inner Mongolia of northeastern China with two main ore deposits, one is previously found Cu-Zn deposit and another is recently found Sn-Li-Rb deposit. Sphalerite occurs in both deposits with multiple generations from early magmatic to later hydrothermal origin, and five types (sph-I to sph-V) were distinguished in the Sn-Li-Rb deposit. A combination of electron microprobe and LA-ICP-MS analysis indicates that the Weilasituo sphalerite is rich in In, Cd, Sn, and poor in Fe, Ga and Ge. The ore-forming temperature of sphalerite ranges from 220 °C to 320 °C, indicating a medium-temperature environment for ore formation. Sphalerite from the Weilasituo Cu-Zn deposit shows high-Fe content, whereas the Fe content is low in the Sn-Li-Rb deposit. The difference in Fe content may not be solely related to the temperature, but also controlled by local deposition environments. It is proposed that in the Sn-Li-Rb deposit, the Fe in the host rock of biotite-plagioclase gneiss was extracted into the ore-forming fluid by greisenization to form zinnwaldite. Overall, the critical metals including Nb and Ta in columbite-group minerals, Li in zinnwaldite, Rb in feldspar and micas, and In and Cd in sphalerite, should be mined together for a comprehensive utilization of these associated elements in the Weilasituo mining area.
The Shihuiyao deposit is a recently discovered giant Rb deposit in association with other rare metals (Nb-Ta-Be-Li) in Inner Mongolia of northeastern China. Six ore-bearing plutons were emplaced at ...the Late Jurassic (ca. 145 Ma) in the Shihuiyao mining area and composed of siderophyllite monzogranite, muscovite granite, muscovite–albite granite, zinnwaldite–albite granite, and zinnwaldite–amazonite granite. Micas in these granites include siderophyllite, muscovite and zinnwaldite, and they show an increase of Rb2O and F contents and decrease of K2O/Rb2O ratios, reflecting the magmatic fractionation evolution trend. Field relationships, whole-rock data, and mineralogical features do not show a continuous progression of these granites in the Shihuiyao deposit, which can be interpreted as that they experienced different fractional processes in the magma source. Hence, combined with field evidence and Nd isotopic composition, a model was established for the petrogenesis of these granites. The oceanic slab tear led to rapid asthenosphere upwelling, which causes the partial melting of a Neoproterozoic juvenile crust, i.e., a mixed lithology composed of a major mantle-derived component with less amount of ancient crust component. Initial magmas ascended and accumulated to form a magma chamber in the upper crust. Magmas in the chamber underwent a series of fractional processes and were then discharged by a series of intrusive magmatic activities, thus forming the ore-bearing granites in the Shihuiyao mining area. In the late stages of magmatic fractionation, co-existing aqueous hydrothermal fluids most likely controlled the trace element distribution in these ore-bearing granites.
In the Shihuiyao deposit, not only the fractional crystallization of magma, but also the hydrothermal fluids, exsolved from the magma and extracting elements from the wall rocks or primary granite phases, played an important role in Rb mineralization. Also, the content of F in the melt may affect the enrichment of Rb. The presence of a deep magma chamber suggests that the Shihuiyao and its surrounding areas have good prospecting potentials for rare metals mineralization.
•Rb-rich granites in the Shihuiyao deposit all emplaced at ca. 145 Ma.•Mica compositions indicate a good magmatic evolution trend for the granites.•Fractional processes occur at the source, not at the final level of emplacement.•Fractional crystallization and fluid-rock interaction control Rb mineralization.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and its incidence is rising. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to have essential roles in development of PD. ...LncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is dysregulated in PD, while the role of MALAT1 and its mechanism in PD remain poorly understood. In this study, SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP
+
) to induce a PD model
in vitro
. Then we explored the effect of MALAT1 on cell viability, apoptosis and inflammatory response as well as its interaction with miR-212 in MPP
+
-treated SH-SY5Y cells. The results showed that MALAT1 was up-regulated in MPP
+
-treated SH-SY5Y cells compared with that in the normal group. Overexpression of MALAT1 exacerbated MPP
+
-induced neuronal injury, uncovered by inhibition of cell viability and increase of cell apoptosis as well as inflammatory cytokine expressions in SH-SY5Y cells. However, knockdown of MALAT1 exerted the opposite effect in MPP
+
-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, MALAT1 was bound to miR-212 and negatively regulated the miR-212 level. Furthermore, addition of miR-212 ablated the regulatory effect of MALAT1 on MPP
+
-induced neuronal injury, as indicated by restoration of cell viability and lower apoptotic rate along with inflammatory cytokine levels in SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, we concluded that MALAT1 exacerbated MPP
+
-induced neuronal injury through regulating cell viability, apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines by sponging miR-212, providing a novel theoretical foundation for application of MALAT1 in PD.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and its incidence is rising.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and its incidence is rising. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to have essential roles in development of PD. ...LncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is dysregulated in PD, while the role of MALAT1 and its mechanism in PD remain poorly understood. In this study, SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP
) to induce a PD model
. Then we explored the effect of MALAT1 on cell viability, apoptosis and inflammatory response as well as its interaction with miR-212 in MPP
-treated SH-SY5Y cells. The results showed that MALAT1 was up-regulated in MPP
-treated SH-SY5Y cells compared with that in the normal group. Overexpression of MALAT1 exacerbated MPP
-induced neuronal injury, uncovered by inhibition of cell viability and increase of cell apoptosis as well as inflammatory cytokine expressions in SH-SY5Y cells. However, knockdown of MALAT1 exerted the opposite effect in MPP
-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, MALAT1 was bound to miR-212 and negatively regulated the miR-212 level. Furthermore, addition of miR-212 ablated the regulatory effect of MALAT1 on MPP
-induced neuronal injury, as indicated by restoration of cell viability and lower apoptotic rate along with inflammatory cytokine levels in SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, we concluded that MALAT1 exacerbated MPP
-induced neuronal injury through regulating cell viability, apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines by sponging miR-212, providing a novel theoretical foundation for application of MALAT1 in PD.
Abstract To investigate sex differences in cognitive function in Parkinson’s disease patients, a cohort of 172 male patients and 139 female patients were recruited for this study. Their demographic ...and clinical features, including age, disease duration, education level, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-III, Hoehn–Yahr Scale, activities of daily living, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score were recorded. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Chinese Revision (WAIS-RC) and Wechsler Memory Scale-Chinese Revision (WMS-RC) scores were compared to distinguish the cognitive properties between the two groups. The MMSE values did not show a significant difference between the groups. However, the MoCA scores of male patients were significantly higher than those of female patients (adjusted p < 0.05). The male group demonstrated better performances with respect to visuospatial function, naming and abstraction (adjusted p < 0.05). The WAIS-RC data showed that female patients had lower scores in information, vocabulary, picture completion, block design and picture arrangement (adjusted p < 0.05), and the WMS-RC data showed that 100-1 and cumulative addition abilities were significantly weaker in females than males (adjusted p < 0.05). Cognitive disturbances were more prevalent and severe in women among Chinese Parkinson’s disease patients.
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