The goal of this research is to determine the progress in development of speed, agility and explosiveness in young footballers. The research was conducted on a sample of 25 young footballers aged ...9.50 ± 0.50, height 143,4 ± 6,6 cm and weight 33,5 ± 7,9 kg. The respondents are members of the football club "NK Sloga" from Ljubuski, who are trained in the age category "Limaci (U-11)". A total of 3 tests were applied: 1. Running at 20 meters from the high start (Tr20m); 2. Running back and forth with a change of 90° (TrNN); 3. Zig-zag running between poles (TrZZ). An analysis of the differences (T-test) between initial and final measurements resulted in an improvement in the results. The average result of the initial 20m run measurement is 4,43 seconds while the average result of the final measurement is better for 10 hundredths and is 4,33 seconds. In the zig-zag test, the average score of the initial measurement was 9,34 seconds, while the final result was 9,1 seconds. The average score was improved by 0,24 hundredths. In a 180° shift running, respondents ran averaged 14.37 seconds in the initial measurement, or 14,08 seconds in the final measurement.The average score improved by 0,29 hundredths. Correlation analysis found that there was a statistically significant connection between all three tests. The highest connection between the two different tests was measured at the initial measurement of the run test with 180° change of direction and the final measurement at the 20m running test and it was 0,89.
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi napredak u razvoju brzine, agilnosti i eksplozivnosti kod mladih nogometaša. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 25 mladih nogometaša starosne dobi ...9.50±0.50, visine 143,4±6,6 cm i težine 33,5±7,9 kg. Ispitanici su članovi nogometnog kluba „NK Sloga“ iz Ljubuškog, koji treniraju u uzrasnoj kategoriji „Limači (U-11)“. Primijenjeno je ukupno 3 testa: 1. Trčanje na 20 metara iz visokog starta (Tr20m); 2. Trčanje naprijed-nazad s promjenom pod 90° (TrNN); 3. Zig-zag trčanje između štapova (TrZZ). Analizom razlika (T-test) između inicijalnog i finalnog mjerenja utvrđeno je poboljšanje rezultata. Prosječan rezultat inicijalnog mjerenja trčanja na 20m iznosi 4,43 sekunde dok je prosječan rezultat finalnog mjerenja bolji za 10 stotinki i iznosi 4,33 sekunde. U zig-zag testu prosječan rezultat inicijalnog mjerenja iznosio je 9,34 sekundi, dok je kod finalnog iznosio 9,1 sekundu. Prosječni rezultat popravio se za 0,24 stotinike. U trčanju s promjenom smjera 180° ispitanici su prosječno trčali 14.37 sekundi u inicijalnom mjerenju, odnosno 14,08 sekundi u finalnom mjerenju. Prosječni rezultat popravio se za 0,29 stotinki. Korelacijskom analizom utvrđeno je da postoji statistički značajna povezanost između sva tri testa. Najveća povezanost između dva različita testa izmjerena je kod inicijalnog mjerenja testa trčanje s promjenom smjera za 180° i finalnog mjerenja kod testa trčanje na 20 metara i iznosi 0,89.
Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is characterised by increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and consequently increased plasma calcium. During the last few decades parathyroid scintigraphy ...(PS), is applied in almost all patients with pPHT before surgery and specifically before minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. The aim of this study was to find the best cut-off levels of total plasma calcium and intact PTH (iPTH) that correlate with positive technetium-99m-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (
Tc-MIBI) PS and with positive subtraction PS (SPS) in patients with pHPT and thus the positive diagnostic value of these PS.
We studied 50 patients, operated for pHPT, aged from 22-78 years, (median age 60 years), 45 female and 5 male, with a total number of 57 parathyroid glands (PG), (46 adenomas and 11 hyperplasias). All patients underwent SPS before surgery. Static scintigrams of the head, neck and chest were performed 15min after the intravenous (i.v.) injection of 740MBq of
Tc-MIBI. Late scintigrams of the head, neck and chest were performed 2h and 3h after the injection of
Tc-MIBI. Four to 24h after the washout of
Tc-MIBI from the parathyroid and the thyroid glands, we injected i.v. 185MBq of
Tc-pertechnetate (
TcP) and after 15min we performed the PS. Normalization and motion correction of the early
Tc-MIBI scan and the
TcP followed. We then subtracted the
TcP from the
Tc-MIBI scan. The areas of increased uptake on the
Tc-MIBI scan visible at the early and late or at the subtraction images represented the hyperfunctioning tissue of the enlarged and hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. Scintigraphic findings were graded subjectively, from 1 to 5 depending on the degree of the uptake of the radiopharmaceutical. Normal iPTH levels were between 10.0-65.0pg/mL and normal total plasma calcium between 2.13-2.65mmoL/L.
Of all patients 12/50 and 38/50 had both PS positive grade 4 and very positive grade 5 findings respectively. In all patients iPTH levels ranged from 54 to 837pg/mL, median value 187.0±133.8pg/mL, and total plasma calcium ranged from 2.40 to 3.83mmoL/L, median value, 2.87±0.237mmoL/L. In 43 patients, both calcium and the iPTH levels were elevated. Strong positive correlation was found between scintigraphic findings and levels of iPTH: P=0.003. A significant relation between plasma calcium levels and different grades of scintigraphic findings was not found, although significant correlation was found between iPTH and plasma calcium levels (P=0.021).
In patients with pHPT, the
Tc-MIBI PS and the subtraction PS showed a strong correlation to iPTH (P=0.003) but not to total plasma calcium levels indicating the importance of both the
Tc-MIBI and the subtraction parathyroid scans to indicate pHPT.
Parathyroid hyperplasia (PHP) is defined as an absolute increase in the mass of parenchymal cells of the parathyroid gland. PHP is classified as primary, secondary and tertiary. The enlargement of ...parathyroid glands (PG) is usually asymmetric, resulting in a "dominant" gland. In order to confirm the diagnosis, at least two glands should be examined histologically. Subtotal parathyroidectomy, i.e. removal of the three PG and leaving a small remnant of the forth, is the treatment of choice. High percent of PHP recurrence imposes the need for preoperative high sensitivity localizing procedures. Parathyroid scintigraphy localizes about 60% of hyperplastic glands. The aim of this study was to correlate findings of subtraction parathyroid scintigraphy (SPS) with weight, pathohistologic finding and oxyphil cell (OC) content of PG in patients with primary, secondary and tertiary parathyroid hyperplasia.
Twenty-seven patients with primary/secondary PHP underwent SPS before surgery. Scintigraphic results were graded from 1-5, in relation to the degree of uptake. SPS graded 3, 4 and 5 were considered positive. The number and weight of operated PG were evaluated macroscopically. Pathohistologic and cellular types were defined on standard stained hematoxylin-eosin slides. OC content was defined as a percent of OC and graded from 1 to 3: grade 1 < 10%, grade 2 > or = 10% and grade 3 > or = 20% of OC.
SPS localized dominant gland in all patients with sensitivity 100%, and 51 from 73 hyperplastic PG, with sensitivity per gland of 70%. PG weighed 0.1 g to 6.7 g (median 1 g). A significant positive correlation (p < 0.0001) was found between the SPS results and PG weight. A significant positive correlation was found between PG weight and OC content (p = 0.0002). An insignificant correlation was found between SPS and OC content. Thirty-eight PG had < 10% of OC, 32 PG had > or = 10% and 3 PG had > or = 20% of OC. Four patients had diffuse PHP and 23 patients nodular PHP. There was no statistically significant difference in SPS results compared to hyperplasia type, and between OC content and hyperplasia type. A significant positive correlation (p = 0.05) was found between PG weight and hyperplasia type.
A high positive correlation was found between SPS results and PG weight, PG weight and OC content and PG weight and hyperplasia type. Between SPS results and OC content, and between SPS results and hyperplasia type, an insignificant correlation was found. Our results showed that SPS is a reliable and very sensitive diagnostic tool in detecting abnormal PG in parathyroid hyperplasia, reaching 100% sensitivity in detecting a "dominant gland" and sensitivity per localized gland of 70%. Causes that affect increased uptake of liposolubile Tc99m radiopharmaceuticals (RF) in the hyperfunctional PG tissue and conditions which prevent RF admission into the PG cells still remain to be accurately and precisely determined.
Our aim was to validate eight scintigraphic salivary gland (SG) parameters, as diagnostic parameters in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). We used the standardized stimulated dynamic salivary ...gland scintigraphy (DSGS) protocol and correlated this with the unstimulated whole sialometry (UWS) functions. The DSGS and UWS tests meeting the European and the USA diagnostic classification criteria for SS were applied in twenty patients and in ten normal controls. The DSGS tests were performed 60min after the intravenous (i.v.) injection of 370MBq of technetium-99m-pertechnetate ((99m)TcO(-)4) and after per os stimulation with a 0.5g tablet of ascorbic acid administered 40min after the injection. Using time-activity curves, eight different parameters were calculated for each parotid gland (PG) and each submandibular salivary gland (SMG): a) time at maximum counts (Tmax), b) time at minimum counts (Tmin), c) maximum accumulation (MA), d) accumulation velocity (AV), e) maximum secretion (MS), f) maximum stimulated secretion (MSS), g) stimulated secretion velocity (SSV), and h) uptake ratio (UR). Values of UWS below 2.5mL/15min, were considered abnormal. All these parameters, as for the PG, showed significant abnormality in SS patients (P<0.001), especially of the secretion function. All SMG parameters also showed a significant abnormality (P<0.001), but especially of the accumulation function. There was a greater impairment of the above parameters in SMG than in PG in the SS patients. Sensitivity of the standardized DSGS was 100%, specificity 80%, negative prognostic value 100%, and positive prognostic value 91%. Sensitivity of UWS was 75%. In conclusion, this paper suggested that the best diagnostic parameters for the SS patients were those of: a) the maximum secretion, b) the maximum stimulated secretion for both the parotid and the submandibular glands, c) maximum accumulation and d) accumulation velocity of submandibular glands. The times at maximum and at minimum counts were non diagnostic.
Background/Aim. Although the number of new primary implantation of hip and knee prostheses every year increases, the rate of failed arthroplasty is nearly the same. The main question is whether it is ...an aseptic instability or instability caused by infection. The aim of this preliminary study was an attempt with combined 99mTc-ciprofloxacin and 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scintigraphy to improve diagnostic accuracy in the differentiation of hip and knee prosthesis aseptic loosening and periprosthetic joint infection. Methods. Inclusion criteria of patients for this study were based on suspected periprosthetic joint infection: painful prosthetic joint, restricted joint movements and increased value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate or levels of C-reactive protein. We examined 20 patients with implanted 14 hip and 6 knee prosthesis. All patients also underwent plain radiography of suspected joint. In all patients, three-phase 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy was performed. Three to five days after the bone scan, we performed scintigraphy using 99mTc-ciprofloxacin with the calculation of accumulation index. Periprosthetic joint infection was confirmed on the basis of microbiological findings. Results. Periprosthetic joint infection was confirmed in fourteen of twenty observed joints, in five of them the aseptic loosening was present and in one patient?s symptoms were not related to the prosthesis (poor biomechanics of prosthetic joints caused by weaknesses of muscle). Estimated sensitivity/specificity for 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy alone were 100/17%; for 99mTc-ciprofloxacin scintigraphy were 85,7/100%. Sensitivity and specificity were 92,3% and 83,3%, respectively for results obtained with combined assessment by both methods. Our study confirmed the high negative predictive value of 99mTc-MDP bone scan. The negative result of bone scan virtually excludes the possibility of periprosthetic infection. On the other hand, positive findings of 99mTc-MDP scintigraphy cannot with certainty confirm the infection. Conclusion. Combined 99mTc-MDP scintigraphy with 99mTc-ciprofloxacin scintigraphy significantly increases the ability of differentiation of aseptic loosening from periprosthetic joint infection.
nema
Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is an endocrine disease with the third highest incidence of all endocrine disorders after diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism. pHPT is typically caused by a ...solitary parathyroid adenoma, less frequently by multiple parathyroid gland disease (MGD) and rarely by parathyroid carcinoma. Secondary hyperparatyroidism (sHPT) is a common complication in patients with chronic renal failure. The aim of this study was to estimate sensitivity of dual tracer 99mTc-tetrofosmin and 99mTc-pertechnetate subtraction scintigraphy in detection of abnormal parathyroid glands in patients with pHPT and sHPT confirmed by histopathology.
In 46 patients, (77 abnormal parathyroid glands), 30 with pHPT and 16 with sHPT parathyroid scintigraphy was done preoperatively. All the patients had histopathological confirmation of diagnosis. Abnormal parathyroid glands weighted from 0.1 to 7 g. After iv injection dynamic scintigraphy during 25 minutes (one frame-one minute) using 555 MBq of 99mTc-tetrofosmin, and three hours latter using 111 MBq of 99mTc/pertechnetate was performed. 99mTc-tetrofosmin dynamic study was followed by static scintigraphy of the neck and chest 30 minutes, 1, 2 and 3 hours after iv injection.
An abnormal scintigraphic finding was found in 44 of 46 patients with sensitivity of 96%. In pHPT sensitivity was 93% (28 of 30 patients, and 28 of 30 glands). In sHPT scintigraphy was abnormal in all the patients (sensitivity 100%). In the patients with sHPT scintigraphy detected 30 of 47 abnormal parathyroid glands (sensitivity 64%). An overall sensitivity of scintigraphy per gland, for pHPT and sHPT in detecting 58 of 77 abnormal parathyroid glands was 75%.
An abnormal scintigraphic result per patient was found in 44 patients (sensitivity 96%) and 58 of 77 abnormal parathyroid glands were detected (sensitivity 750/0). A high sensitivity of dual tracer subtraction 99mTc-tetrofosmin/99mTc-pertechnetate parathyroid scintigraphy in detecting abnormal parathyroid glands in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism was achieved.
Beside many actual groups of classification criteria, uniform classification criteria for Sjögren's syndrome (SS) are still missing. The ophtalmic component of SS is well defined. Criteria for ...classifying its oral component remain controversial. The fifth item of the European Union and the United States of America (EU-US) revised diagnostic classification criteria in 2002, is an objective evidence of xerostomia, diagnosed by one of the tests: unstimulated whole sialometry (UWS), parotid sialography, and dynamic salivary gland scintigraphy (DSGS). The aim of this study was to evaluate senstitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and accuracy of DSGS with ascorbic acid stimulation in detecting xerostomia in SS patients and to compare DSGS findings with UWS values.
Tests DSGS and UWS were done in 20 patients with SS and in 10 of the control subjects. The findings of DSGS were graded from 1 to 4 scintigraphie (SCT) grade 1--normal finding; SCT grade 2--moderate function damage; SCT grade 3--serious function damage, SCT grade 4--very serious function damage. UWS measured 1.5 hour after the breakfast lasted 15 minutes. UWS bellow 2.5 ml/15min min. considered pathological.
All SS patients had pathological SCT findings. Comparing SCT grade between the patients and the control group, high statistical significance was found (p < 0.001). The estimated sensitivity of DSGS was 100%, specificity 80%, positive predictive value 91%, negative predictive value 100% and accuracy 93%. The calculated sensitivity of UWS was 75%. Salivary function damage detected by scintigraphy was in positive correlation with UWS findings.
DSGS is a diagnostic test with high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and positive and negative predictive values in detecting salivary function damage in SS patients. DSGS and UWS are very sensitive diagnostic tests for objective evidence of xerostomia, and have to be ones of the earliest investigations which shoud be performed in subjects suspected of SS. Test DSGS is more sensitive, and seems to better reflect symptoms of dry mouth than UWS.
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction and vesicoureteral reflux are the most frequent entities identified on the basis of antenatal hydronephrosis. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence ...and pattern of abnormal renal scintigraphy findings in postnatal investigation of children with antenatal hydronephrosis.
Twenty-four infants (19 boys and five girls) presented with antenatal hydronephrosis and mild to moderate hydronephrosis on ultrasound in newborn period were referred for renal scintigraphy. Ten patients with vesicoureteral reflux documented on micturating cystoureterography underwent 99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy and 14 patients were subjected to 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy.
Anteroposterior pelvic diameter on ultrasound ranged from 11 to 24 mm. Renal DMSA scans identified congenital scars in two boys with bilateral reflux of grade V and unilateral reflux of grade III. Relative kidney uptake (RKU) less than 40% was found in three, and poor kidney function (RKU less than 10%) in two patients. Significant obstruction was shown on DTPA diuretic renal scintigraphy in 6/14 patients. Some slowing in dranaige (T1/2 greater than 10 minutes) with no reduction in differential renal function was identified in three patients. Differential renal function less than 10% was obtained in one case.
A high percent of abnormal renal scintigraphy findings was obtained. Renal scintigraphy was useful in determination of underlying cause of antenatally detected hydronephrosis.
PDF
