Solid‐state batteries are hindered from practical applications, largely due to the retardant ionic transportation kinetics in solid electrolytes (SEs) and across electrode/electrolyte interfaces. ...Taking advantage of nanostructured UIO/Li‐IL SEs, fast lithium ion transportation is achieved in the bulk and across the electrode/electrolyte interfaces; in UIO/Li‐IL SEs, Li‐containing ionic liquid (Li‐IL) is absorbed in Uio‐66 metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The ionic conductivity of the UIO/Li‐IL (15/16) SE reaches 3.2 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C. Owing to the high surface tension of nanostructured UIO/Li‐IL SEs, the contact between electrodes and the SE is excellent; consequently, the interfacial resistances of Li/SE and LiFePO4/SE at 60 °C are about 44 and 206 Ω cm2, respectively. Moreover, a stable solid conductive layer is formed at the Li/SE interface, making the Li plating/stripping stable. Solid‐state batteries from the UIO/Li‐IL SEs show high discharge capacities and excellent retentions (≈130 mA h g−1 with a retention of 100% after 100 cycles at 0.2 C; 119 mA h g−1 with a retention of 94% after 380 cycles at 1 C). This new type of nanostructured UIO/Li‐IL SEs is very promising for solid‐state batteries, and will open up an avenue toward safe and long lifespan energy storage systems.
After absorbing ionic liquid Li‐IL, nanostructured MOFs of Uio‐66 become a new kind of solid electrolyte (UIO/Li‐IL). The UIO/Li‐IL solid electrolyte shows a high ionic conductivity, good stability against metallic Li electrode, and low solid electrolyte/electrode interfacial resistances. The solid‐state lithium batteries using the UIO/Li‐IL solid electrolyte exhibit a high capacity and excellent retention.
Aquaculture has made an enormous contribution to the world food production, especially to the sustainable supply of animal proteins. The utility of diverse reproduction strategies in fish, such as ...the exploiting use of unisexual gynogenesis, has created a typical case of fish genetic breeding. A number of fish species show substantial sexual dimorphism that is closely linked to multiple economic traits including growth rate and body size, and the efficient development of sex-linked genetic markers and sex control biotechnologies has provided significant approaches to increase the production and value for commercial purposes. Along with the rapid development of genomics and molecular genetic techniques, the genetic basis of sexual dimorphism has been gradually deciphered, and great progress has been made in the mechanisms of fish sex determination and identification of sex-determining genes. This review summarizes the progress to provide some directive and objective thinking for further research in this field.
Increased vascular permeability facilitates metastasis. Emerging evidence indicates that secreted microRNAs (miRNAs) may mediate the crosstalk between cancer and stromal cells. To date, whether and ...how secreted miRNAs affect vascular permeability remains unclear. Based on deep sequencing and quantitative PCR, we found that higher level of serum miR‐103 was associated with higher metastasis potential of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The in vitro endothelial permeability and transendothelial invasion assays revealed that the conditioned media or exosomes derived from high miR‐103‐expressing hepatoma cells increased the permeability of endothelial monolayers, but this effect was attenuated if exosome secretion of hepatoma cells was blocked by silencing ALIX and HRS or if miR‐103 within hepatoma or endothelial cells was antagonized. Most importantly, pretreating endothelial monolayers with exosomes that were from stable miR‐103‐expressing hepatoma cells facilitated the transendothelial invasion of tumor cells, and this role of exosomes was abrogated by inhibiting miR‐103 in endothelial cells. Further in vivo analyses disclosed that mice with xenografts of stable miR‐103‐expressing hepatoma cells exhibited higher vascular permeability in tumor, higher level of exosomal miR‐103 and greater number of tumor cells in blood circulation, and increased rates of hepatic and pulmonary metastases, compared to control mice. Mechanism investigations revealed that hepatoma cell‐secreted miR‐103 could be delivered into endothelial cells via exosomes, and then attenuated the endothelial junction integrity by directly inhibiting the expression of VE‐Cadherin (VE‐Cad), p120‐catenin (p120) and zonula occludens 1. Moreover, miR‐103 could also promote tumor cell migration by repressing p120 expression in hepatoma cells. Conclusion: Hepatoma cell‐secreted exosomal miR‐103 increases vascular permeability and promotes tumor metastasis by targeting multiple endothelial junction proteins, which highlights secreted miR‐103 as a potential therapeutic target and a predictive marker for HCC metastasis. (Hepatology 2018).
This article solves the event-triggered exponential synchronization problem for a class of complex-valued memristive neural networks with time-varying delays. The drive-response complex-valued ...memristive neural networks are translated into two real-valued memristive neural networks through the method of separating the complex-valued memristive neural networks into real and imaginary parts. In order to reduce the information exchange frequency between the sensor and the controller, a novel event-triggered mechanism with the event-triggering functions is introduced in wireless communication networks. Some sufficient conditions are established to achieve the event-triggered exponential synchronization for drive-response complex-valued memristive neural networks with time-varying delays. In addition, to guarantee that the Zeno behavior cannot occur, a positive lower bound for the interevent times is explicitly derived. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the obtained theoretical results.
In this paper, we focus on heterogeneous features learning for RGB-D activity recognition. We find that features from different channels (RGB, depth) could share some similar hidden structures, and ...then propose a joint learning model to simultaneously explore the shared and feature-specific components as an instance of heterogeneous multi-task learning. The proposed model formed in a unified framework is capable of: 1) jointly mining a set of subspaces with the same dimensionality to exploit latent shared features across different feature channels, 2) meanwhile, quantifying the shared and feature-specific components of features in the subspaces, and 3) transferring feature-specific intermediate transforms (i-transforms) for learning fusion of heterogeneous features across datasets. To efficiently train the joint model, a three-step iterative optimization algorithm is proposed, followed by a simple inference model. Extensive experimental results on four activity datasets have demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed method. Anew RGB-D activity dataset focusing on human-object interaction is further contributed, which presents more challenges for RGB-D activity benchmarking.
Three‐membered cyclic structures are widely existing in natural products and serve as enabling intermediates in organic synthesis. However, the efficient and straightforward access to such structures ...with diversity remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a general and practical protocol to aziridines and cyclopropanes synthesis using free XH2 (X=C or N) with alkenes by thianthrenation is presented. This metal‐free protocol features the direct aziridination and cyclopropanation with unprotected XH2. Free sulfonamides, amides, carbamates, amines, and methylene with acidic protons, are good precursors, providing an attractive alternative for straightforward synthesis of aziridines and cyclopropanes from easily available starting materials.
Herein, a general and practical protocol to aziridines and cyclopropanes using free XH2 (X=C or N) with alkenes by thianthrenation is presented under mild conditions. Free sulfonamides, amides, carbamates, amines, and acidic methylene with protons, are good precursors for three‐membered ring formation, providing an attractive alternative for straightforward synthesis of aziridines and cyclopropanes from easily available starting materials.
Early Action Prediction by Soft Regression Hu, Jian-Fang; Zheng, Wei-Shi; Ma, Lianyang ...
IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence,
11/2019, Volume:
41, Issue:
11
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
We propose a novel approach for predicting on-going action with the assistance of a low-cost depth camera. Our approach introduces a soft regression-based early prediction framework. In this ...framework, we estimate soft labels for the subsequences at different progress levels, jointly learned with an action predictor. Our formulation of soft regression framework 1) overcomes a usual assumption in existing early action prediction systems that the progress level of on-going sequence is given in the testing stage; and 2) presents a theoretical framework to better resolve the ambiguity and uncertainty of subsequences at early performing stage. The proposed soft regression framework is further enhanced in order to take the relationships among subsequences and the discrepancy of soft labels over different classes into consideration, so that a Multiple Soft labels Recurrent Neural Network (MSRNN) is finally developed. For real-time performance, we also introduce a new RGB-D feature called "local accumulative frame feature (LAFF)", which can be computed efficiently by constructing an integral feature map. Our experiments on three RGB-D benchmark datasets and an unconstrained RGB action set demonstrate that the proposed regression-based early action prediction model outperforms existing models significantly and also show that the early action prediction on RGB-D sequence is more accurate than that on RGB channel.
Although 5-methylcytosine (m
C) is a widespread modification in RNAs, its regulation and biological role in pathological conditions (such as cancer) remain unknown. Here, we provide the ...single-nucleotide resolution landscape of messenger RNA m
C modifications in human urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). We identify numerous oncogene RNAs with hypermethylated m
C sites causally linked to their upregulation in UCBs and further demonstrate YBX1 as an m
C 'reader' recognizing m
C-modified mRNAs through the indole ring of W65 in its cold-shock domain. YBX1 maintains the stability of its target mRNA by recruiting ELAVL1. Moreover, NSUN2 and YBX1 are demonstrated to drive UCB pathogenesis by targeting the m
C methylation site in the HDGF 3' untranslated region. Clinically, a high coexpression of NUSN2, YBX1 and HDGF predicts the poorest survival. Our findings reveal an unprecedented mechanism of RNA m
C-regulated oncogene activation, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for UCB.
Recent realization of high sodium‐ion conductivities (>10−2 S cm−1) in inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs) at room temperature will certainly trigger a boom in all‐solid‐state sodium batteries ...(ASS‐SBs). However, their electrochemical stable windows and compatibility to high capacity/voltage electrodes are unsatisfactory. Developing ideal ISEs that deliver high Na+ ion conductivities, good electrochemical/chemical stability, and compatible electrode/ISE interface is key for the success of high‐performance ASS‐SBs. In this review, focus is mainly on the fundamentals and strategies to optimize ASS‐SB performances from the aspects of ISE and interface, and note that interfacial issues are also ISE‐related. The latest progress in ISEs, including fundamentals of the sodium‐ion conduction mechanism, key parameters dominating the Na+ ion conduction in terms of crystal structure, lattice dynamics, point defects, and grain boundaries, and prototyping strategies for cell design, are elaborated from the perspectives of material and defect chemistry. The key challenges and future opportunities are discussed, and rational solutions are provided.
This review discusses the fundamentals of sodium ionic conduction in inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs), identifies the key parameters dominating the sodium ionic conduction, and proposes prototyping strategies for both solid electrolyte and full cell design, from the perspectives of materials and defect chemistry. The key challenges and future opportunities for all‐solid‐state sodium batteries using ISEs are also discussed in detail.
The softness of sulfur sublattice and rotational PS
tetrahedra in thiophosphates result in liquid-like ionic conduction, leading to enhanced ionic conductivities and stable electrode/thiophosphate ...interfacial ionic transport. However, the existence of liquid-like ionic conduction in rigid oxides remains unclear, and modifications are deemed necessary to achieve stable Li/oxide solid electrolyte interfacial charge transport. In this study, by combining the neutron diffraction survey, geometrical analysis, bond valence site energy analysis, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulation, we discover the one-dimensional liquid-like Li-ion conduction in LiTa
PO
and its derivatives, wherein Li-ion migration channels are connected by four- or five-fold oxygen-coordinated interstitial sites. This conduction features a low activation energy (0.2 eV) and short mean residence time (<1 ps) of Li ions on the interstitial sites, originating from the Li-O polyhedral distortion and Li-ion correlation, which are controlled by doping strategies. The liquid-like conduction enables a high ionic conductivity (1.2 mS cm
at 30°C), and a 700-hour anomalously stable cycling under 0.2 mA cm
for Li/LiTa
PO
/Li cells without interfacial modifications. Our findings provide principles for the future discovery and design of improved solid electrolytes that do not require modifications to the Li/solid electrolyte interface to achieve stable ionic transport. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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