Payments for Water-Related Ecosystem Services (PWES) are increasingly popular for promoting water ecological conservation, and their impact on development is of considerable interest. This study ...estimates the economic impact of PWES on protected areas using the synthetic control method. Taking the Middle Route of the South to North Water Diversion Project in China as a case study, we find that the per capita GDP in protected areas increased markedly relative to synthetic control regions, and PWES had a positive economic impact. Additionally, we conducted many placebo tests to verify the validity and robustness of the results. We believe that the main factor responsible for the positive effect lies in developing the ecological-economic industrial system. This study provides a baseline for synthetic control analysis of PWES to compare regions of interest with their counterfactuals. The case study findings provide reference for the economic development of protected areas.
Single top quark production cross sections at hadron colliders are traditionally used to extract the modulus of the Vtb element of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix under the following assumption: ...|Vtb| ≫ |Vtd|, |Vts|. For the first time, direct limits on |Vtd| and |Vts| are obtained using experimental data without the assumption of the unitarity of the CKM matrix. Limits on the |Vtd|, |Vts| and |Vtb| are extracted from differential measurements of single top quark cross sections in t-channel as a function of the rapidity and transverse momentum of the top quark and the light jet recoiling against the top quark. We have shown that the pseudorapidity of the forward jet in the single top production is one of the most powerful observables for discriminating between the |Vtd| and |Vtb| events. We perform a global fit of top quark related CKM elements to experimental data from the LHC Runs I and II and Tevatron. Experimental data include inclusive and differential single top cross sections in t-channel, inclusive tW production cross section, and top quark branching ratio to b quark and W boson. We present bounds on |Vtb|, |Vts| and |Vtd| using current data and project the results for future LHC data sets corresponding to luminosities of 300 and 3000 fb−1.
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment is set to begin data taking in 2024 with the aim of determining the neutrino mass ordering (NMO) to a significance of 3 σ after 6 years ...of data taking. Achieving this goal requires effective background suppression, with the background induced by cosmic-ray muons being one of the most significant sources of interference in the NMO study. Accurately simulating the cosmic-ray muon background is crucial for the success of the experiment, but the sheer number of optical photons produced by the muon makes this detector simulation process extremely time-consuming using traditional methods such as Geant4. This paper presents a fast muon simulation method that employs neural networks to expedite the simulation process. Our approach achieves an order-of-magnitude speed-up in simulation time compared to Geant4, while still producing accurate results.
The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a future experiment aimed at studying the properties of the Higgs boson with high precision. This requires excellent track reconstruction and ...particle identification (PID) performance, which is achieved in the 4 th conceptual detector design of the CEPC experiments by combining a silicon tracker and a drift chamber. The drift chamber not only improves track reconstruction but also provides excellent PID with the cluster counting method. To evaluate the performance of this design accurately, a detailed simulation is necessary. In this paper, we present a refined drift chamber simulation by combining Geant4 and Garfield++. However, traditional waveform simulation using Garfield++ is extremely time-consuming, which motivates us to develop a fast waveform simulation method using a neural network. We validate the method using real data from the BESIII experiment. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach and provide valuable insights for future experiments.
Key4hep: Progress Report on Integrations Brondolin, Erica; Carceller, Juan Miguel; Deconinck, Wouter ...
EPJ Web of Conferences,
2024, Volume:
295
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Peer reviewed
Open access
Detector studies for future experiments rely on advanced software tools to estimate performance and optimize their design and technology choices. The Key4hep project provides a flexible turnkey ...solution for the full experiment life-cycle based on established community tools such as ROOT, Geant4, DD4hep, Gaudi, podio and spack. Members of the CEPC, CLIC, EIC, FCC, and ILC communities have joined to develop this framework and have merged, or are in the progress of merging, their respective software environments into the Key4hep stack. These proceedings will give an overview over the recent progress in the Key4hep project: covering the developments towards adaptation of state-of-theart tools for simulation (DD4hep, Gaussino), track and calorimeter reconstruction (ACTS, CLUE), particle flow (PandoraPFA), analysis via RDataFrame, and visualization with Phoenix, as well as tools for testing and validation.
Key4hep: Status and Plans Fernandez Declara, Placido; Fang, Wenxing; Gaede, Frank ...
EPJ Web of Conferences,
2021, Volume:
251
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Peer reviewed
Open access
Detector optimisation and physics performance studies are an integral part of the development of future collider experiments. The Key4hep project aims to design a common set of software tools for ...future, or even present, High Energy Physics projects. The proceeding describes the main components that are developed as part of Key4hep: the event data model EDM4hep, simulation interfaces to Delphes and Geant4, the k4MarlinWrapper to integrate iLCSoft components, as well as build and validation tools to ensure functionality and compatibility among the components. They also include the different adaptation processes by the CEPC, CLIC, FCC, and ILC communities towards this project, which show that Key4hep is a viable long term solution as baseline software for high energy experiments.
The accurate identification of irreversible infarction and salvageable tissue is important in planning the treatments for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) ...can be used to evaluate the ischemic core and deficit, covering most of the territories of anterior circulation, but many community hospitals and primary stroke centers do not have the capability to perform CTP scan in emergency situation. This study aimed to identify AIS lesions from widely available non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) and CT angiography (CTA) using deep learning. A total of 345AIS patients from our emergency department were included. A multi-scale 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) was used as the predictive model with inputs of NCCT, CTA, and CTA+ (8 s delay after CTA) images. An external cohort with 108 patients was included to further validate the generalization performance of the proposed model. Strong correlations with CTP-RAPID segmentations (r = 0.84 for core, r = 0.83 for deficit) were observed when NCCT, CTA, and CTA+ images were all used in the model. The diagnostic decisions according to DEFUSE3 showed high accuracy when using NCCT, CTA, and CTA+ (0.90±0.04), followed by the combination of NCCT and CTA (0.87±0.04), CTA-alone (0.76±0.06), and NCCT-alone (0.53±0.09).
A data-driven dE/dx simulation with normalizing flow Fang, Wenxing; Li, Weidong; Ji, Xiaobin ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
August 2024, Volume:
1065
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
In high-energy physics, precise measurements rely on highly reliable detector simulations. Traditionally, these simulations involve incorporating experiment data to model detector responses and ...fine-tuning them. However, due to the complexity of the experiment data, tuning the simulation can be challenging. One crucial aspect for charged particle identification is the measurement of energy deposition per unit length (referred to as dE/dx). This paper proposes a data-driven dE/dx simulation method using the Normalizing Flow technique, which can learn the dE/dx distribution directly from experiment data. By employing this method, not only can the need for manual tuning of the dE/dx simulation be eliminated, but also high-precision simulation can be achieved.
A data-driven d E / d x simulation with normalizing flow Fang, Wenxing; Li, Weidong; Ji, Xiaobin ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/2024, Volume:
1065
Journal Article
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