The main aim of this study was to analyze overweight and obesity in children on the basis of body mass index (BMI) and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF). The sample included 5613 children, aged 6 to12 ...years (X = 9.23; SD = 1.69) from Slovenia. Children were classified as non-overweight, overweight and obese according to age and sex specific BMI cut-off points. The results show that 18.3% of boys and 18.5% of girls are overweight and 6.5% of boys and 6.7% of girls are obese. The correlation between BMI and TSF in boys (r = 0.785) and girls (r = 0.783) are almost equal. Body weight has a lower correlation with TSF in boys (r = 0.691) and in girls (r = 0.631). The chi2 test show that there is a significant difference (p < 0.001) in TSF according to weight status. The results show that TSF and weight status of prepubertal children are closely related and that the criterion for the determination of weight status on the basis of BMI is well defined.
Schoolwork, especially lessons in manual skills is often associated with various ergonomics stresses. These stresses are the result not only of school obligations but also of the physical working ...environment and inadequate lesson planning. Much can be done in this field if certain approaches are taken into consideration at the work planning stage. Thus we can use certain analytical methods, such as the Method of Temporary Observations (Multi-Moment Method) and OWAS (a method for the evaluation of postural load during work), when positioning stressful lesson factors. This can be done in a relatively simple way in the field of time rationalisation as well as in the field of dimensional work adjustment to pupils. Research results in this paper show that by using a planned directed approach in this field, it is possible to achieve, a higher level of efficiency with normal levels of fatigue.
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between level of physical activity and perceived physical self-concept of young children. The sample comprised 364 children from Slovenia, ...aged 6.4 yr. (SD = 0.3), of which 179 were boys and 185 girls. Parents and teachers reported children's physical activity using the Harro questionnaire. We divided children into Low and High Activity groups based on their mean scores. The children completed Stein's Children's Physical Self-concept Scale, which assesses Global Physical Self-concept and the subdomains of Physical Performance, Physical Appearance, and Weight Control behavior. Two-way analysis of variance with both sex and physical activity levels, and their interaction were used to examine differences in Physical Self-concept. There were significant differences between the Low and High Activity groups on scores for global Physical Self-concept Scale, Physical Performance, and Weight Control, on which children from the High Activity group scored higher; whereas on the subscale Physical Appearance, there were no significant differences. There were no significant sex differences on the Physical Self-concept Scale. The most important conclusion of this research indicates the theoretical assumptions that Physical Activity and perceived Physical Self-concept are related. Direction of the relationship remains unclarified.
Open educational resources in e-learning are the future source of information for lifelong learners. Open source and open standards are defined as the basis of the "Open educational resource ...movement" that is beginning to form on a global level in the last decade. The characteristics of the OS are investigated in the relation to e-Learning, existing and new pedagogical principles and copyright issues. Several good practices, ideas and existing initiatives are presented and the vision of the future of open educational resources is introduced.
This is a short summary of research on how different stress factors in the work environment (climate, light, noise) affect work performance of early adolescents. Due to the complexity of the ...measurements, the research consisted of a small sample of male adolescents (N = 20); average age 13.5 years (SD = 0.25). Tasks were used which demanded average work attention from the adolescent boys and in this context applied the basic theory of the "rare" signal detection. The research was performed in an artificially created condition, a "climate chamber," which provided a wide variety of settings for various work conditions. We performed 360 measurements for each effect and all possible interactions. Of all three stress factors in the work environment, only noise was significant (p less than 0.001). Its effect on the elements of work success is predictable on the basis of the introduced model under the defined marginal terms. (Contains 4 tables.)
Izhodišče: Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, ali obstajajo razlike v gibalni učinkovitosti med otroki z normalno telesno težo, s prekomerno telesno težo in z debelostjo.
Raziskava je bila opravljena ...na vzorcu 572 otrok iz severovzhodne Slovenije (povprečna starost 7,3 leta, SO = 1,29). Na osnovi indeksa telesne mase (ITM) so bili otroci razdeljeni v skupine z normalno telesno težo, s prekomerno telesno težo in z debelostjo. Za ugotavljanje gibalne učinkovitosti je bilo uporabljenih šest testov različnih gibalnih sposobnosti (moč, vzdržljivost, hitrost, ravnotežje in koordinacija gibanja). Razlike v gibalni učinkovitosti med otroki z normalno telesno težo, s prekomerno telesno težo in z debelostjo so bile izračunane z analizo variance, statistično značilnost razlik pa smo ugotavljali na ravni tveganja p < 0,05 in so bile natančneje opredeljene s pomočjo preizkusa Scheffe post-hoc.
Rezultati kažejo, da ima primerno telesno težo 73,8 % otrok, prekomerno telesno težo 16,6 % otrok in debelost 9,6 % otrok. Med otroki z normalno telesno težo, s prekomerno telesno težo in z debelostjo obstajajo statistično značilne razlike (p < 0,05) v vseh obravnavanih gibalnih sposobnostih. Najbolj gibalno zmogljivi so otroci z normalno telesno težo, nekoliko nižja je gibalna učinkovitost otrok s prekomerno telesno težo, medtem ko je gibalna učinkovitost najnižja pri skupini otrok z debelostjo.
Rezultati dokazujejo, da obstaja tesna povezanost med gibalno učinkovitostjo in statusom telesne teže otrok.
Aim: The main aim of the research was to find out whether there are any differences in physical fitness between non-overweight, overweight and obese children.
Research has been carried out on 572 children from the north-eastern part of Slovenia (aged 7.3 years, SD=1.29). Children were classified as non-overweight, overweight and obese according to age and sex specific body mass index (BMI) cut off points. In order to assess physical fitness, six different tests that cover explosive power, balance, coordination, speed and endurance were used. ANOVA was used to assess the differences in physical fitness between non-overweight, overweight and obese groups. Statistical significance was set at an α level of 0.05.
Results show that 73.8% of children were in the non-overweight group, 16.6% in overweight group and 9.6% in obese group. Differences in all physical fitness tests between non-overweight, overweight and obese children are statistically significant (p<0.05). We have established that the non-overweight children achieved a higher level of physical fitness than overweight and obese children. In addition, overweight children achieved a higher level of physical fitness than obese children.
This data suggests that the level of physical fitness and weight status are closely related
AbstractWe can perceive environmental education also as an education for a nicer and better life. We know for the latter one that we will have to change it drastically if we want to preserve our ...planet for future generations. In this article we firstly introduce the concept of environmental education and stress the importance of environmental literacy. Secondly, we present the results of the research that has been carried out on a sample of 56 teachers of the first triad and their 823 pupils. We identify the presence of environmental education in the process of planning annual school action plans, of performing environmental education and the willingness of younger pupils to cohabitate with nature. Finally, our results show that the more the teachers plan their environmental activities, the more they perform them. The more they perform positive environmental activities, the more pupils are environmentally active in their own free time. Key words: cohabitating with nature; environmental education; first school triad; process of planning; process of performing. ---SažetakObrazovanje za okoliš možemo poimati kao obrazovanje za ljepši i bolji život. Znamo da ako naš planet želimo očuvati za buduće generacije, da onda moramo drastično promijeniti stil života. U ovome radu objasnit ćemo koncept obrazovanja za okoliš i staviti naglasak na važnost ekološke pismenosti. Nadalje, predstavit ćemo rezultate istraživanja koje je provedeno na uzorku od 56 nastavnika u prvoj trijadi s ukupno 823 učenika. Identificirali smo prisutnost obrazovanja za okoliš u procesu godišnjeg akcijskog planiranja škola, realizacije obrazovanja za okoliš i spremnost mlađih učenika da kohabitiraju s prirodom. Napokon, naši rezultati ukazuju na to da što učestalije nastavnici planiraju aktivnosti vezane uz okoliš, da ih više i izvode. Kod brojnijeg izvođenja aktivnosti u okolišu, učenici postaju svjesni okoliša i u slobodno vrijeme. Ključne riječi: kohabitacija s prirodom; odgoj i obrazovanje za okoliš; proces planiranja; proces izvođenja; prva trijada.
Izvleček
Izhodišče: Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, ali obstajajo razlike v gibalni učinkovitosti med otroki z normalno telesno težo, s prekomerno telesno težo in z debelostjo.
Metode:
Raziskava je ...bila opravljena na vzorcu 572 otrok iz severovzhodne Slovenije (povprečna starost 7,3 leta, SO = 1,29). Na osnovi indeksa telesne mase (ITM) so bili otroci razdeljeni v skupine z normalno telesno težo, s prekomerno telesno težo in z debelostjo. Za ugotavljanje gibalne učinkovitosti je bilo uporabljenih šest testov različnih gibalnih sposobnosti (moč, vzdržljivost, hitrost, ravnotežje in koordinacija gibanja). Razlike v gibalni učinkovitosti med otroki z normalno telesno težo, s prekomerno telesno težo in z debelostjo so bile izračunane z analizo variance, statistično značilnost razlik pa smo ugotavljali na ravni tveganja p < 0,05 in so bile natančneje opredeljene s pomočjo preizkusa Scheffe post-hoc.
Rezultati:
Rezultati kažejo, da ima primerno telesno težo 73,8 % otrok, prekomerno telesno težo 16,6 % otrok in debelost 9,6 % otrok. Med otroki z normalno telesno težo, s prekomerno telesno težo in z debelostjo obstajajo statistično značilne razlike (p < 0,05) v vseh obravnavanih gibalnih sposobnostih. Najbolj gibalno zmogljivi so otroci z normalno telesno težo, nekoliko nižja je gibalna učinkovitost otrok s prekomerno telesno težo, medtem ko je gibalna učinkovitost najnižja pri skupini otrok z debelostjo.
Zaključek:
Rezultati dokazujejo, da obstaja tesna povezanost med gibalno učinkovitostjo in statusom telesne teže otrok.
The study deals with material support for practical work in science classes in Slovenian primary schools (grades 1-5). It answers the question of why there are differences in national tests in terms ...of socioeconomic development of the environment, despite the fact that schools are equally well equipped. There are two groups of teachers: in less-developed regions (N=337) and in more-developed regions (N=160) – the criterion is the “the development risk index.” Material research equipment in Slovenian schools is poor. Socioeconomic development does not affect the perception of problems such as: the lack of materials and equipment, oversized groups, poor spatial conditions, and the absence of an assistant. Equipment is provided by schools, while material is brought by the pupils themselves. Comparison has shown that students in more developed environments bring their own material more frequently, which enables more research activities. It was concluded that despite the fact that the material conditions in all Slovenian schools are similar, there are differences in the development level of inquiry skills. In more developed regions, students compensate the lack of material by providing aids from their home environment.
PDF
