The surface topography of ceramic grinding wheels used in creep feed grinding is examined in this study. Creep feed grinding experiments are performed using seeded gel (SG) grinding wheels. The ...three-dimensional surface of the grinding wheel is observed using a two-dimensional high-definition laser displacement sensor, and the effective cutting-edge number is calculated based on three-dimensional surface observations. Microscopic wear behaviors of grain cutting edges are examined based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The cutting-edge area percentage is calculated based on SEM images via the discriminant analysis method. Results show that the micro self-sharpening phenomenon can be evaluated quantitatively. Micro sharp cutting edges on grains and normal grinding forces are suppressed. Subsequently, the relationship between the grinding characteristics and behaviors of the SG wheel working surface is investigated.
Glass is a ubiquitous but essential material in everyday life and industry. The most common method for polishing glass involves the use of free abrasives. However, this method is basically ...non-deterministic and lacks efficiency. Therefore, vibration has been employed to aid fixed-abrasive polishing in our research. It is found that the vibration can increase the material removal rate while maintain surface quality in fixed abrasive polishing. Normalized Preston coefficients that are the index of the polishing capability of a certain polishing process considerably increase in vibration-assisted polishing process. A mathematic model is set up to interpret the increase in material removal rate for vibration process. The modeled results show that the vibration can improve material removal by increasing vibration amplitude in vertical direction while the horizontal vibration contributes little to increasing material removal rate, which agrees well with experimental results. Aside from material removal, surface morphology of polished glass was also modeled for both vibration and conventional processes. Both experimented and simulated morphology evidence that the vibration some periodic structure on polished surface. The possible mechanism in dry fixed abrasive polishing was also chemically analyzed and a probable mechanism is put forward to clarify the material removal in dry fixed abrasive polishing.
•Vibration polishing increases material removal while maintains surface quality.•A mathematical model is built to elucidate the increased material removal.•A surface morphology simulation models surface pattern in vibration polishing.•A mechanism for fixed-abrasive dry polishing of fused glass is put forward.
This paper deals with the microscopic wear characteristics of ceramic (Seeded Gel, SG) grinding wheels used in creep feed grinding. Creep feed grinding experiments with SG grinding wheels were ...carried out compared to rose-pink alumina (RA) grinding wheels. To clear the wear characteristics of the wheel working surface in creep feed grinding, changes in the shapes of grain cutting edges were observed by a field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). This is a self-sharpening phenomenon based on micro fractures generated on the top of SG grain cutting edges. On the other hand, large fracture and attritious wear effected RA grain cutting edges. In addition, the features of any grain cutting edges were evaluated using attritious wear flat percentage. Changes in attritious wear flat percentage of SG grits maintained constant value and were stable. From these results, the influence of wear mode of the grinding wheel on grinding characteristics parameter, such as grinding force and workpiece surface roughness, is understood.
TAFRO syndrome is an acute systemic inflammatory disease characterized by thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis/renal dysfunction, and organomegaly. There have been increasing reports ...that TAFRO is a disease distinct from idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease and that TAFRO patients may be positive for anti-SSA antibodies. To assess anti-SSA antibody positivity and the clinical characteristics of the two diseases, we retrospectively compared 7 TAFRO and 10 iMCD patients in our hospital. The mean age of onset of TAFRO and iMCD was 48.0 (interquartile range IQR, 41-53) and 45.0 (IQR, 35-53) years, respectively. The TAFRO and iMCD groups had 6 (86%) and 4 (40%) male patients, respectively, and the following pretreatment laboratory values: platelet count, 3.8 (IQR, 2.2-6.4) and 35.5 (IQR, 22.2-42.8) × 10
/μL, respectively; C-reactive protein, 10.2 (IQR, 6.8-21.4) and 9.5 (IQR, 6.2-13.6) mg/dL, respectively; IgG, 1431 (IQR, 1112-1815) and 4725 (IQR, 3755-5121) mg/dL, respectively. RNA immunoprecipitation (5 cases for anti-SSA) or protein array (5 cases for anti-SSA/Ro60) detected anti-SSA antibodies in six (86%) TAFRO patients but not in iMCD patients; it did not detect anti-SSB antibodies in any of the patients. None of the patients were diagnosed with Sjögren syndrome. All iMCD patients treated with tocilizumab (TCZ) responded well. Meanwhile, two of six TAFRO patients treated with TCZ showed inadequate responses; thus, both patients were switched to rituximab, following which they achieved remission. TAFRO and iMCD have different clinical features. TAFRO may be categorized as a severe phenotype of the anti-SSA antibody syndrome.
Detecting point mutation of human cancer cells quickly and accurately is gaining in importance for pathological diagnosis and choice of therapeutic approach. In the present study, we present novel ...methodology, peptide nucleic acid-locked nucleic acid mediated loop-mediated isothermal amplification (PNA-LNA mediated LAMP), for rapid detection of KRAS mutation using advantages of both artificial DNA and LAMP. PNA-LNA mediated LAMP reactions occurred under isothermal temperature conditions of with 4 primary primers set for the target regions on the KRAS gene, clamping PNA probe that was complimentary to the wild type sequence and LNA primers complementary to the mutated sequences. PNA-LNA mediated LAMP was applied for cDNA from 4 kinds of pancreatic carcinoma cell lines with or without KRAS point mutation. The amplified DNA products were verified by naked-eye as well as a real-time PCR equipment. By PNA-LNA mediated LAMP, amplification of wild type KRAS DNA was blocked by clamping PNA probe, whereas, mutant type KRAS DNA was significantly amplified within 50 min. Mutant alleles could be detected in samples which diluted until 0.1% of mutant-to-wild type ratio. On the other hand, mutant alleles could be reproducibly with a mutant-to-wild type ratio of 30% by direct sequencing and of 1% by PNA-clamping PCR. The limit of detection (LOD) of PNA-LNA mediated LAMP was much lower than the other conventional methods. Competition of LNA clamping primers complementary to two different subtypes (G12D and G12V) of mutant KRAS gene indicated different amplification time depend on subtypes of mutant cDNA. PNA-LNA mediated LAMP is a simple, rapid, specific and sensitive methodology for the detection of KRAS mutation.
Adult multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (MS-LCH) is rare and has a poor prognosis. A 67-year-old man with MS-LCH presented with a hepatic tumor rupture and multiple masses in the lungs, ...liver, and pancreas. Despite the initial aggressive disease course and involvement of organs at risk, the patient experienced spontaneous regression and lesion disappearance following smoking cessation without chemotherapy. A literature review revealed a distinct subset of MS-LCH that can be managed by smoking cessation and careful observation through follow-up imaging. This suggests that careful observation through follow-up imaging may be a reasonable alternative to chemotherapy in select adult cases of MS-LCH.Adult multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (MS-LCH) is rare and has a poor prognosis. A 67-year-old man with MS-LCH presented with a hepatic tumor rupture and multiple masses in the lungs, liver, and pancreas. Despite the initial aggressive disease course and involvement of organs at risk, the patient experienced spontaneous regression and lesion disappearance following smoking cessation without chemotherapy. A literature review revealed a distinct subset of MS-LCH that can be managed by smoking cessation and careful observation through follow-up imaging. This suggests that careful observation through follow-up imaging may be a reasonable alternative to chemotherapy in select adult cases of MS-LCH.
Nevoid melanoma is a subtype of melanoma that histologically resembles a melanocytic nevus. Two subtypes have been proposed for nevoid melanoma, namely papillomatous and maturing. Here, we report the ...case of a 67‐year‐old woman who developed two nevoid melanomas on her scalp with composite histological features of papillomatous and maturing subtypes after electrocautery of a nearby solitary scalp papule. The histology of both lesions was very similar, papillary in shape, and both comprised two melanocyte populations, including large atypical melanocytes and small non‐atypical melanocytes. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed in one of the two lesions, which revealed a high mutation burden (17 mutations/megabase) with co‐deletion of CDKN2A. Additional immunohistochemistry revealed that the large and small melanocytes in both lesions were completely negative for p16 and MTAP. A final diagnosis of nevoid melanoma was made. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a nevoid melanoma with both features of papillomatous and maturing subtypes. Pathologists should be aware of this subtype of melanoma to avoid misdiagnosis as a mitotically active melanocytic nevus. In this case, immunohistochemistry for p16 and MTAP, in addition to molecular analysis, helped in the final diagnosis.
Adipophilin (ADP) is a primary protein component of lipid droplets (LDs). For more than half a century, certain types of cancer cells have been known to contain LDs in their cytoplasm. However, the ...pathological significance of ADP or LDs in cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the association between ADP and other pathological characteristics in cutaneous malignant melanomas to clarify the role of ADP in melanoma cells. We immunostained whole paraffin sections of primary cutaneous melanomas obtained from 90 cases for ADP, after which we analyzed the correlation between ADP immunohistochemistry (IHC) and patient survival data. We also studied the relationship between the ADP IHC score and in situ hybridization (ISH) score of ADP mRNA, and the Ki67-labeling index (Ki67-LI) by using tissue microarrays consisting of 74 primary cutaneous malignant melanomas, 19 metastasizing melanomas, and 29 melanocytic nevi. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between ADP expression and cell proliferation in cutaneous melanoma cell lines. We found that high ADP expression was associated with poor metastasis-free survival, disease-specific survival, and overall survival rates of patients with cutaneous melanomas (P < 0.05). By linear regression analysis, ADP IHC was correlated with increasing ADP mRNA ISH H-scores and Ki67-LI scores in melanocytic lesions (P < 0.01). ADP IHC and ADP ISH H-scores and Ki67-LI scores were greater in pT3–4 melanomas than in pT1–2 melanomas. In cell-based assays, cells with increased ADP expression showed higher proliferation rates compared with those of low-ADP cells. Thus, ADP expression in malignant melanoma was significantly associated with high cell proliferation and poor clinical prognosis. Our results thus indicate a significant association between ADP and melanoma progression, and we propose that ADP may be a novel marker of aggressive cutaneous melanoma with a lipogenic phenotype.
The purpose of this study is to create micro-texture on the surface of various mold materials by ultrasonic-assisted grinding. The effects of materials properties (hardness and fracture toughness) on ...micro-periodic structure were investigated by performing ultrasonic-assisted grinding, in which ultrasonic vibration is assisted in the axial direction of the grinding wheel in surface plunge grinding. The results showed that periodic structures can be formed without plastic flow on the surface after machining only in the case of cemented carbide with high hardness and low toughness. Furthermore, by modeling the abrasive grain shape and arrangement of the general purpose diamond grinding wheel without special treatment used in the experiments, we attempted to simulate the grinding groove shape formed by a multi-grain grinding wheel when ultrasonic vibration is assisted. The periodic structure formed on the cemented carbide surface was compared with the simulation results, which were in good agreement in terms of the period of the sinusoidal wave and the width of the grinding groove, confirming the validity of this simulation method. From the above, basic knowledge about the machining mechanism of grinding groove in ultrasonic-assisted grinding was obtained.
Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) is a rare disease subtype which has the same morphological and immunophenotypic features as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) but does not demonstrate lymphocytosis ...and grows mainly in the lymph nodes and spleen. As with CLL, SLL patients tend to present with immune abnormalities, and are associated with an increased risk for developing second primary malignancies. We report here two cases of SLL who developed lung cancer concurrently. The biological and clinical features of these two patients were very similar to each other; they both developed SLL with trisomy 12 and lacked lymphocytosis or cytopenia. SLL cells involved nodal areas adjacent to lung adenocarcinoma which expressed PD-L1. One patient received immunochemotherapy including nivolumab and ipilimumab against lung cancer, and notably, transient deterioration of SLL occurred after the second cycle of immunochemotherapy along with the development of immune related adverse events. Immunohistochemical analysis of the SLL samples of the patient revealed that the tumor cells were positive for CTLA-4, suggesting that ipilimumab might have potentially induced the activation of SLL cells by blocking the inhibitory signal mediated by CTLA-4. These clinical findings indicate the potential biological relationship between SLL and lung cancer. According to these observations, we would like to draw attention to the possibility of deterioration of SLL when immune checkpoint inhibitors are used for the treatment of malignancies developed in SLL patients.
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