Structural analyses of amorphous LiCl–Li
2O–TeO
2 were made by X-ray diffraction. The basic structure of the tellurite glasses consisted of the TeO
4 trigonal bipyramids and the TeO
3 trigonal ...pyramids. The resulting structure was in agreement with that so far analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. The effects of LiCl addition on the short-range structure were also discussed according to the mutual use of the radial distribution analysis and the correlation method in this work.
Aims/hypothesis：To evaluate impairment in the sensorineural elements of the cochlea in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus histopathologically. Methods：Temporal bones from 18 patients (mean age, ...52.8 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus and ones from 26 age-matched normal subjects (mean age, 52.9) were examined by light microscopy. Thickening of the walls of the cochlear vessels, the percentage of loss of cochlear hair cells and the number of spiral ganglion cells were compared between the groups. Results：In the diabetes group, the walls of the vessels of the basilar membrane in all turns (P<0.01) were significantly thicker than those in controls. Loss of cochlear outer hair cells was significantly greater in the lower basal (P<0.001), upper basal and lower middle turns (P<0.05) in the diabetic group. There was no significant difference in the number of spiral ganglion cells or inner hair cells between the groups. Conclusion/interpretation：This study demonstrates that there is cochlear microangiopathy and degeneration of cochlear outer hair cells in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The short-range structure of K
2O–9TeO
2 and K
2O–4TeO
2 in amorphous states such as glass and melt has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and semi-empirical molecular orbital calculation ...(AM1-MOPAC method). The structure of amorphous alkali tellurites consisted of the TeO
4 trigonal bipyramids (tbp) and the TeO
3 trigonal pyramids (tp). Confirmed in the present work is that the TeO
4 trigonal bipyramids characteristics of TeO
2-based glasses transform into TeO
3 trigonal pyramids with increasing modifier K
2O content and a rise of temperature. The usage of XRD and MOPAC enabled us to comprehend in some details what to happen in phase transition from glasses to melts.
Since Li2O-TeO2 glasses have unique properties such as high densities, high refractive indexes, large dielectric constants and transmittance in a wide infrared wavelength region, much scientific ...attention has been focused on the glasses from the standpoint of its technological utilizations. In spite of their usefulness, little diffraction work has been done about the short range structure of Li2O-TeO2 glasses. The structure of 15 mol%Li2·O.85 mol%TeO2 and 25 mol%Li2·75 mol%TeO2 glasses was analyzed by an X-ray diffraction technique. Interpretation of the radial distribution function was performed on the basis of the correlation method. The following conclusions were obtained from the present study; (1)Two kinds of Te-O bond lengths of 0.18 nm and 0.20 nm are in TeO4 trigonal bipyramid. (2) As network forming units, the TeO4 trigonal bipyramids and TeO3 trigonal pyramids are observed. The former units are thought to be transformed, via the transient species of polyhedra with non-bridging oxygens, into the latter units with increasing Li2 contents. (3) The lone pairs of electrons on Teatoms do not contribute to the network formation.
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