Prenatal maternal feeding plays an important role in fetal development and has the potential to induce long-lasting epigenetic modifications. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding, single-stranded RNAs ...that serve as one epigenetic mechanism. Though miRNAs have crucial roles in fetal programming, growth, and development, there is limited data regarding the maternal diet and miRNA expression in sheep. Therefore, we analyzed high and low maternal dietary protein for miRNA expression in fetal longissimus dorsi. Pregnant ewes were fed an isoenergetic high-protein (HP, 160–270 g/day), low-protein (LP, 73–112 g/day), or standard-protein diet (SP, 119–198 g/day) during pregnancy. miRNA expression profiles were evaluated using the Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA 4.0 Array. Twelve up-regulated, differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs) were identified which are targeting 65 genes. The oar-3957-5p miRNA was highly up-regulated in the LP and SP compared to the HP. Previous transcriptome analysis identified that integrin and non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase genes targeted by miRNAs were detected in the current experiment. A total of 28 GO terms and 10 pathway-based gene sets were significantly (padj < 0.05) enriched in the target genes. Most genes targeted by the identified miRNAs are involved in immune and muscle disease pathways. Our study demonstrated that dietary protein intake during pregnancy affected fetal skeletal muscle epigenetics via miRNA expression.
Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is one of the major intrauterine environmental factors that influence fetal development by significantly altering the expression of genes that might have a ...consequence on the physiological, morphological, and metabolic performance of the offspring in the postnatal period. The impact of maternal dietary protein on the expression of genes in sheep fetal skeletal muscle development is not well understood. The current study aims to investigate the impact of high and low maternal dietary protein on the holistic mRNA expression in the sheep fetal skeletal muscle. Dams were exposed to an isoenergetic high-protein diet (HP, 160–270 g/day), low-protein diet (LP, 73–112 g/day), and standard protein (SP, 119–198 g/day) diets during pregnancy. Fetal skeletal muscles were obtained at the 105th day of pregnancy and mRNA expression profiles were evaluated using Affymetrix GeneChip™ Ovine Gene 1.0 ST Array. The transcriptional analysis revealed a total of 323, 354, and 14 genes were differentially regulated (fold change > 2 and false discovery rate ≤ 0.05) in HP vs. SP, LP vs. HP, and SP vs. LP, respectively. Several myogenic genes, including
MYOD1
,
MYH2
,
MYH1
, are significantly upregulated, while genes related to the immune system, such as
CXCL11
,
HLA-E
,
CXCL10
,
CXCL9
,
TLRs
, are significantly downregulated in the fetal muscle of the HP group compared to those of SP and LP group. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the majority of these genes are involved in pathways related to the immune system and diseases. The results of our study demonstrate that both augmented and restricted dietary proteins in maternal diet during pregnancy alter the expression of genes as well as the offspring's genetic marks.
İlk olarak on sekizinci yüzyılın başlarında kullanılmaya başlayan klinik beceri eğitimi, günümüzde modern tıp eğitiminde önemli bir yer edinmiştir. Klinik beceri laboratuvarları (KBL), öğrencilerin ...hastalarla karşılaşmadan önce klinik yeterlilik seviyesine ulaşmalarına yardımcı olmaktadır. Geleneksel tıp eğitiminin öğrencilerintemel klinik becerileri kazanmaları konusunda yetersiz kaldığı bilinmektedir. Benzer sorun Veteriner Hekimliği eğitiminde de öğrencilerin karşısına çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle,klinik beceri eğitimi Veteriner Hekimliği eğitiminde öğrencilerin etkin bir şekilde faydalanacağı şekilde oluşturulmalıdır. Bu çalışmada Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Hekimliği Fakültesi örneği kullanılarak Veteriner Hekimliği öğrencilerinin KBLile ilgili görüşleri ve memnuniyet düzeyleri belirlenmiştir. KBL kullanımının Veteriner Hekimlik eğitimine yararlı olduğunu düşünen öğrencilerin oranı %44.1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin %83.8’i KBL‘yi Veteriner Hekimlik eğitimin önemli halkalarından biri olarak nitelendirmiş, %84.5’i ise veteriner fakültelerinde KBL’nin yaygınlaştırılması gerektiğini belirtmiştir.
Clinical skills training, which was first used in the early eighteenth century, has gained an important place in
modern medical education today. Clinical skills labs (CSL) help students achieve clinical proficiency be fore encounter-
ing patients. It is known that traditional medicine education is insufficient for students to acquire basic clinical skills. A
similar problem is faced by students in Veterinary Medicine education. Therefore, clinical skill straining should be creat-
ed in such a way that students can benefit effectively in Veterinary Medicine education. In this study, using the example
of Erciyes University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, the opinions and satisfaction levels of Veterinary Medicine stu-
dents about CSL were determined. The rate of students who think that the use of CSL is beneficial for veterinary edu-
cation was determined as 44.1%. 83.8% of the students described CSL as one of the important links of Veterinary
Medicine education, and 84.5% of them stated that CSL should be widespread in Veterinary Faculties.
The aim of the study, the relationship between coagulation parameters and embryonic loss in embryo transferred (ET) cows and heifers wereevaluated. The animal material of this study consisted of 19 ...cows and 19 heif-ers on farms located in East Mediterranean Agriculture Research Institute in Adana. Blood samples were collected before the ET application from the recipient cows and heifers. Coagulation parameters measured included prothrombin time (PT), activated thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, thrombin time (TT), anti-thrombin-III (AT3) and D-dimer using by Sysmex® CA-7000 and activated protein C resistance, protein C and protein S using by Sysmex CS-5100. The pregnancy rate was found 5/19 (26.3%) and 5/19 (26.3%) in cows and in heifers, respectively (P>0.05). The em-bryonic mortality ratio in cows was 60% (3/5) and in heifers it was 40% (2/5). The differences of D-dimer levels be-tween pregnant and non-pregnant animals were significant (P<0.05).The APTT levels between the groups with preg-nancy and embryonic loss were significantly different (P<0.05). As a result, it was determined that there is a relation-ship between plasma D-Dimer levels and embryonic loss in cows that were transferred embryo.To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study reporting the relationship between coagulation parameters and embryonic loss in ET cows and heifers.
Çalışmanın amacı, embriyo transferi (ET) yapılan Holstein ırkı inek ve düvelerde, pıhtılaşma parametreleri ile embriyonik ölüm arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmaya, Doğu Akdeniz Tarım Araştırmaları Enstitüsü (Adana) çiftliklerinde bulunan 19 inek ve 19 düve dahil edildi. Alıcı inek ve düvelerden ET yapıldığı gün transfer öncesinde kan örnekleri alındı. Protrombin zamanı (PZ), aktive edilmiş parsiyel tromboplastin zamanı (APTZ), fibrinogen, trombin za-manı (TZ), antitrombin III (AT3) ve D-dimer gibi koagulasyon parametreleri Sysmex® CA- 7000 ve aktive edilmiş protein C rezistansı, protein C ve protein S ise Sysmex CS-5100 kullanılarak ölçüldü. Çalışmada gebelik oranı ineklerde 5/19 (%26.3) ve düvelerde 5/19 (%26.3) olarak belirlendi. Embriyonik ölüm oranı ineklerde %60 (3/5), ise düvelerde %40 (2/5) olarak belirlendi (P>0.05). Gebe olan ve olmayan hayvanlar arasında D-dimer seviyeleri arasındaki fark önemli bulundu (P<0.05). Gebelik devam eden ve embriyonik kayıp belirlenen gruplar arasında APTT seviyeleri arasındaki fark önemli bulundu (P<0.05). Sonuç olarak, embriyo transferi yapılan sığırlarda plazma D-dimer seviyeleri ile embriyo-nik kayıp arasında ilişki olduğu belirlendi. Yazarların bilgisine göre sunulan çalışma embriyo transferi yapılan inek ve düvelerde koagulasyon parametrelerinin değerlendirildiği ilk çalışma olması açısından önemlidir.
Congenital malformations with multiple anomalies have been described infrequently in the veterinary literature. A stillborn male crossbred lamb with diprosopus, craniorachischisis, and arthrogryposis ...was examined macroscopically and histopathologically in this study. The left head was smaller than the right head. Micrencephaly, agnathia, and a rudimentary tongue, which was adherent to the palate, were present in the left head. Micrencephaly, brachygnathia superior, and cleft palate were present in the right head. Cerebellar agenesis and spinal cord hypoplasia were observed. The cerebrums and the spinal cord were covered with a tapering membranous structure. Neural and dermal tissues were noted to intervene upon microscopic examination of this structure. Disorganization of neurons was observed in both cerebrums, though it was more severe in the left one. This case demonstrates many congenital defects occurring together in a lamb.
Endometritis is frequently encountered in brood mare practice and is one of the main causes of infertility. Several methods, including among others cytology, bacteriology and histopathology, are used ...for diagnosis, however, even the combined use of these methods may not produce a definitive result. The objective of this study was to make an assessment of the diagnostic efficiency of centrifuged liquid-based cytology (LBC) in comparison to the determination of: 1) the presence of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) in the uterine epithelium and stratum compactum by histopathology; 2) the presence of PMNs by cytology and 3) the presence of uterine infection by microbiology. Fifty mares of varying age, which belonged to the Jockey Club of Turkey, were used in this study. Endometrial samples were harvested using the cytobrush (CB) and endometrial biopsy (EB) techniques for microbiological, Cytological and histopathological examinations. The comparison of liquid-based cytology (LBC) with histopathological diagnosis (HD), which is considered to be the best standard, showed that the sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), predictive value of positive test (PVP), and predictive value of negative test (PVN) of LBC were 0.5000, 0.4000, 0.7692 and 0.6087, respectively. No coherence was detected between the results of these two methods (P = 0.0166). Furthermore, it was ascertained that LBC failed in detecting degenerative and fibrotic alterations in the endometrial glands. LBC slides provide sharp images of well-dispersed cells, and enable greater diagnostic sensitivity and certainty. Thus, as the area examined is small, the identification of the target cells is relatively easy. Key words: liquid-based endometrial cytology; endometrial biopsy; cytobrush; bacteriology; mare Endometritis je cest u rasplodnih kobila i jedan je od glavnih uzroka njihove neplodnosti. Za dijagnostiku ovoga stanja primjenjuje se nekoliko metoda, ukljucujuci citoloke, bakterioloke i histopatoloke metode, no cak ni njihova kombinirana primjena ne mora dati konacan rezultat. Cilj je ovoga istraivanja bio procijeniti dijagnosticku ucinkovitost centrifugirane tekucinske citologije (LBC) kako bi se usporedila prisutnost polimorfonuklearnih stanica (PMN) u maternicnom epitelu i vanjskom sloju endometrija (stratum compactum): 1. histopatolokim metodama, 2. citologijom, 3. mikrobioloki (s obzirom na prisutnost uzrocnika upale). U istraivanje je ukljuceno pedeset kobila razlicite dobi, uzgojenih u konjickom klubu Jockey Club of Turkey. Uzorci endometrija za mikrobioloku, citoloku i histopatoloku pretragu dobiveni su CB i EB tehnikama. Usporedba tekucinske citologije (LBC) s patohistolokom dijagnostikom (HD), koja se smatra najboljom metodom, pokazala je da su osjetljivost, specificnost i pozitivna prediktivna vrijednost testa (PVP) te negativna prediktivna vrijednost testa (PVN) tekucinskom citometrijom bile 0,5000, 0,4000, 0,7692 i 0,6087. Rezultati ovih dviju metoda nisu se podudarali (P = 0,0166). Nadalje, potvrdeno je da LBC nije pouzdana u otkrivanju degenerativnih i fibroznih promjena u lijezdama endometrija. U pozitivnom smilu LBC prua jasnu sliku dobro disperziranih stanica te omogucuje vecu dijagnosticku osjetljivost i pouzdanost. Takoder, kako je ispitivano podrucje malo, identifikacija ciljanih stanica relativno je lagana. Kljucne rijeci: centrifugirana tekucinska citologija endometrija; biopsija endometrija; ispirak stanica; bakteriologija; kobila
PDF
