We consider a well-known diffuse interface model for the study of the evolution of an incompressible binary fluid flow in a two or three-dimensional bounded domain. This model consists of a system of ...two evolution equations, namely, the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for the average fluid velocity
u
coupled with a convective Cahn–Hilliard equation for an order parameter
ϕ
. The novelty is that the system is endowed with boundary conditions which account for a moving contact line slip velocity. The existence of a suitable global energy solution is proven and the convergence of any such solution to a single equilibrium is also established.
Little is known about treatment expectations of patients with spinal metastases undergoing radiotherapy and/or surgery. Assuming that patients with spinal metastases share characteristics with ...patients who had spinal surgery for non-cancer related conditions and with advanced cancer patients, we performed a systematic review to summarize the literature on patient expectations regarding treatment outcomes of spinal surgery and advanced cancer care.
A comprehensive search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO for studies between 2000 and sep-2019. Studies including adult patients (> 18 years), undergoing spinal surgery or receiving advanced cancer care, investigating patients' pre-treatment expectations regarding treatment outcomes were included. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts and full-texts, extracted data and assessed methodological quality.
The search identified 7343 articles, of which 92 were selected for full-text review. For this review, 31 articles were included. Patients undergoing spinal surgery had overly optimistic expectations regarding pain and symptom relief, they underestimated the probability of functional disability, and overestimated the probability of (complete) recovery and return to work. Studies highlighted that patients feel not adequately prepared for surgery in terms of post-treatment expectations. Similarly, advanced cancer patients receiving palliative treatment often had overly optimistic expectations regarding their survival probability and cure rates.
Patients tend to have overly optimistic expectations regarding pain and symptom relief, recovery and prognosis following spinal surgery or advanced cancer care. Pretreatment consultation about the expected pain and symptom relief, recovery and prognosis may improve understanding of prognosis, and promote and manage expectations, which, in turn, may lead to better perceived outcomes.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020145151 .
•COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is growing over time.•Vaccinated caregivers, with higher education, worried their child had COVID-19 are most likely to express interest in vaccinating their child.•Having ...a primary care provider but not relying on their advice is associated with not vaccinating children.
To document the level of vaccine hesitancy in caregivers’ of children younger than 12 years of age over the course of the pandemic in Pediatric Emergency Departments (ED).
Study design
Ongoing multicenter, cross-sectional survey of caregivers presenting to 19 pediatric EDs in the USA, Canada, Israel, and Switzerland during first months of the pandemic (phase1), when vaccines were approved for adults (phase2) and most recently when vaccines were approved for children (phase3).
Willingness to vaccinate rate declined over the study period (59.7%, 56.1% and 52.1% in the three phases). Caregivers who are fully vaccinated, who have higher education, and those worried their child had COVID-19 upon arrival to the ED, were more likely to plan to vaccinate in all three phases. Mothers were less likely to vaccinate early in the pandemic, but this hesitancy attenuated in later phases. Older caregivers were more willing to vaccinate, and caregivers of older children were less likely to vaccinate their children in phase 3. During the last phase, willingness to vaccinate was lowest in those who had a primary care provider but did not rely on their advice for medical decisions (34%). Those with no primary care provider and those who do and rely on their medical advice, had similar rates of willingness to vaccinate (55.1% and 52.1%, respectively).
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is widespread and growing over time, and public health measures should further try to leverage identified factors associated with hesitancy in order to enhance vaccination rates among children.
We consider a system of nonlinear diffusion equations modelling (isothermal) phase segregation of an ideal mixture of
N
≥
2
components occupying a bounded region
Ω
⊂
R
d
,
d
≤
3
. Our system is ...subject to a constant mobility matrix of coefficients, a free energy functional given in terms of
singular entropy
generated potentials and
localized
capillarity effects. We prove well-posedness and regularity results which generalize the ones obtained by Elliott and Luckhaus (IMA Preprint Ser 887, 1991). In particular, if
d
≤
2
, we derive the uniform strict separation of solutions from the singular points of the (entropy) nonlinearity. Then, even if
d
=
3
, we prove the existence of a global (regular) attractor as well as we establish the convergence of solutions to single equilibria. If
d
=
3
, this convergence requires the validity of the asymptotic strict separation property. This work constitutes the first part of an extended three-part study involving the phase behavior of multi-component systems, with a second part addressing the presence of nonlocal capillarity effects, and a final part concerning the numerical study of such systems along with some relevant application.
We report observations of the optical counterpart of the long gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A. Due to the extreme rarity of being both nearby (z = 0.151) and highly energetic (Eϒ,iso≥ 1054erg), GRB ...221009A offers a unique opportunity to probe the connection between massive star core collapse and relativistic jet formation across a very broad range of γ-ray properties. Adopting a phenomenological power-law model for the afterglow and host galaxy estimates from high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we use Bayesian model comparison techniques to determine the likelihood of an associated supernova (SN) contributing excess flux to the optical light curve. Though not conclusive, we find moderate evidence (KBayes=101.2for the presence of an additional component arising from an associated SN, SN 2022xiw, and find that it must be substantially fainter (<67% as bright at the 99% confidence interval) than SN 1998bw. Given the large and uncertain line-of-sight extinction, we attempt to constrain the SN parameters (MNi, Mejand EKE) under several different assumptions with respect to the host galaxy's extinction. We find properties that are broadly consistent with previous GRB-associated SNe: MNi = 0.05–0.25 M⊙, Mej = 3.5–11.1 M⊙, and EKE = (1.6–5.2) × 1052 erg. We note that these properties are weakly constrained due to the faintness of the SN with respect to the afterglow and host emission, but we do find a robust upper limit on MNi of MNi < 0.36 M⊙. Given the tremendous range in isotropic gamma-ray energy release exhibited by GRBs (seven orders of magnitude), the SN emission appears to be decoupled from the central engine in these systems.
A 9‐year, 6‐month old spayed female Jack Russell terrier presented with a 3‐week history of intermittent vomiting, diarrhoea and weight loss. Serum biochemistry demonstrated severe ...panhypoproteinaemia, mild hypocalcaemia and mild hypocholesterolaemia, consistent with protein‐losing enteropathy. Full‐thickness biopsies obtained from the stomach and different sections of small intestine demonstrated histological features of both myenteric ganglionitis and early intestinal leiomyositis. Complete resolution of clinical signs occurred within 1 week of implementing immunosuppressive therapy. At the time of writing, 9 months following diagnosis, the dog remains in remission.
ABSTRACT
We present 10 main-sequence ALPINE galaxies (log (M/M⊙) = 9.2−11.1 and ${\rm SFR}=23-190\, {\rm M_{\odot }\, yr^{-1}}$) at z ∼ 4.5 with optical O ii measurements from Keck/MOSFIRE ...spectroscopy and Subaru/MOIRCS narrow-band imaging. This is the largest such multiwavelength sample at these redshifts, combining various measurements in the ultraviolet, optical, and far-infrared including C ii158 $\mu$m line emission and dust continuum from ALMA and H α emission from Spitzer photometry. For the first time, this unique sample allows us to analyse the relation between O ii and total star-formation rate (SFR) and the interstellar medium (ISM) properties via O ii/C ii and O ii/H α luminosity ratios at z ∼ 4.5. The O ii−SFR relation at z ∼ 4.5 cannot be described using standard local descriptions, but is consistent with a metal-dependent relation assuming metallicities around $50{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ solar. To explain the measured dust-corrected luminosity ratios of $\log (L_{\rm OII}/L_{\rm CII}) \sim 0.98^{+0.21}_{-0.22}$ and $\log (L_{\rm OII}/L_{\rm H\alpha }) \sim -0.22^{+0.13}_{-0.15}$ for our sample, ionization parameters log (U) < −2 and electron densities $\log (\rm n_e / {\rm cm^{-3}}) \sim 2.5-3$ are required. The former is consistent with galaxies at z ∼ 2−3, however lower than at z > 6. The latter may be slightly higher than expected given the galaxies’ specific SFR. The analysis of this pilot sample suggests that typical log (M/M⊙) > 9 galaxies at z ∼ 4.5 to have broadly similar ISM properties as their descendants at z ∼ 2 and suggest a strong evolution of ISM properties since the epoch of reionization at z > 6.
Background
Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is a screening tool for early kidney dysfunction and monitoring treatment in cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD). There are no current studies ...describing the suitability of this test for use with published population‐based reference intervals.
Hypothesis/Objectives
To determine the components of biological variability, the index of individuality (IOI), the critical difference between sequential measurements (CD) and the number of measurements required to assess the homeostatic set point (HSP), for both SDMA and serum creatinine (sCr), in apparently healthy dogs.
Animals
Twenty apparently healthy adult dogs owned by clients or staff at a veterinary teaching hospital.
Methods
Prospective, observational study. Blood was collected from each dog on 9 occasions, and SDMA and sCr were measured in duplicate using commercially available assays.
Results
SDMA and sCr had intermediate and low IOI values of 0.87 and 0.28, respectively. The CD of SDMA and sCr, was 1.34 µg/dL and 0.89 µmol/L, respectively. The sample numbers required for estimation of an individual's HSP (with 90 and 95% CI) for SDMA and sCr were 8 and 45, and 2 and 12 sequential measurements, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Based on our findings, in comparison to sCr, SDMA is better suited for use with population‐based reference intervals. False‐negative test results could occur when comparing a single test result from an individual to such intervals. Ideally CD should be used with sequential measurements.
Background: Physical activity has been shown to reduce side-effects of breast cancer and its treatment. As physical activity levels of patients with breast cancer are largely unknown, we investigated ...these levels and compared them to women from the general population.
Methods: In this prospective cohort study, physical activity levels of women with breast cancer participating in the UMBRELLA cohort were assessed at radiotherapy intake and thereafter every 6 months up to 3 years with the SQUASH questionnaire, which was also used in a random sample of the Dutch population. We compared physical activity levels (no activity, low, moderate or high levels of sports, leisure time or total activity) between patients and the Dutch female population using multinomial logistic regression. Standardized Prevalence Ratios (SPR) were calculated to compare adherence to Dutch physical activity guidelines.
Results: Women with breast cancer (n
baseline
= 1655, n
6 months
= 1414, n
12 months
= 1186, n
18 months
= 957, n
24 months
= 744, n
30 months
= 555, and n
36 months
= 377) were less likely to spend time in physical activity compared to the general population (n = 11,710) until 3 years post-diagnosis, especially after 6 months (OR
high-vs.-no activity
= 0.34, 95% CI: 0.28-0.41). From 12 months onwards, patients were more likely to perform sports compared to the general population, especially patients who underwent systemic therapy. Guideline adherence was significantly lower in patients at baseline and 6 months (SPR
baseline
= 89, 95% CI: 82-97; SPR
6 months
= 88, 95% CI: 81-96), and comparable to the general population at 12-36 months, especially in older women.
Conclusions: Physical activity levels in women with breast cancer during and after treatment were lower compared to the Dutch female population. Three years post-treatment, they were still less physically active, although they spend more time in sport activities. As about half of the patients did not perform any sports, physical activity needs to be stimulated during and after treatment.
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![The ALPINE-ALMA [C ii ] su...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0035-8711/small "The ALPINE-ALMA [C ii ] survey: Investigation of 10 galaxies at z ∼ 4.5 with [O ii ] and [C ii ] line emission − ISM properties and [O ii ]−SFR relation")
